• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2011

Crysochroa fulgidissima (Bidan-beole, Spanish fly) is traditionally used as a crude drug and insecticide in the East Asia and Korea, respectively. This study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of C. fulgidissima on the NO production activity. The C. fulgidissima extract was a potent inducer of NO production in CPAE cells and a stimulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a dose-dependent manner. This study also evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of this extract by determining the level of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and prostaglandin $E_2$ from HUVEC cells. Although C. fulgidissima extract was a potent inducer of NO production in the CPAE cells, it showed weak inhibitory effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in HUVEC cells. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of C. fulgidissima revealed the presence of cantharidin.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.110-114
• /
• 2017

$NiO/NiCo_2O_4$ nanocubes were successfully synthesized via the calcination process of $Ni_3[Co(CN)_6]_2$ PBAs. The prepared monodispersed $Ni_3[Co(CN)_6]_2$ PBAs were aggregated by 'self-assembly' of the nuclei generated during the synthesis reaction. The self-assembly rate of the particles is affected by the temperature and the amount of surfactant SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate). FESEM analysis shows that monodispersed 200 nm PBA nanocubes are obtained at 0.25 g SDBS and $60^{\circ}C$ temperature. Thermal behavior was confirmed by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) to determine optimal calcination conditions. Then, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzes were performed to investigate the morphology and crystallinity of the particles precursors and $NiO/NiCo_2O_4$ nanocubes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 1974

When mixture of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and m-aminophenol (MAP) were reacted with formaldehyde (F) varying their amounts under $N_2$ stream at the temperature of -5∼0$^{\circ}$, addition condensation reaction occurred and brown colored resins(in some cases orange colored) were formed immediately. All resins thus formed were insoluble in most ordinary organic solvents and did not melt up to 300$^{\circ}$. When the resins were treated with dilute(7 %) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the adsorptivity of methylene blue on them showed marked improvement reaching as much as 80 mg of methylene blue on 1 g of the resin. On the other hand, in the case of bromophenol blue, its amount of adsorption appeared 250 mg per 1 g of the resin. The TGA under $N_2$ atmosphere indicated that the resin formed in molar ratio of 1 : 3 : 8 (PPD : MAP : F) showed the best heat-resistant property among others. About 40 % weight loss was observed for this resin at 900$^{\circ}$ with heating rate of 2$^{\circ}$ per minute.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.22-35
• /
• 1993

The transport phenomena of the free amino acids through poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)[P(HEMA)] have been investigated with and without various kinds of surfactants solution and in the mixed surfactants solution. Glutamine has the highest diffusivity among 4 amino acids at 1CMC of cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide(CTABr) surfactant. Glutamic acid is not affected by the concentration of CTABr. Methionine and Lysine shows slight decreased diffusivity at 0.5 CMC, but increase its diffusivity at 1CMC and 2CMC due to the structure change of membrane and the viscosity change of surfactant solution. Glutamic acid has the highest diffusivity among four amino acids at sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and Triton X-100 surfactant. In mixed surfactant solution, each amino acids shows high diffusivity through 45% water content membrane at the 0.5 mole fraction of SDS in the SDS/TX-100 surfactant mixtures. It has been found that not only the property of membrane but also the effects of solute-solvent interactions and solvent effect are very important as the permeation of amino acids occurs through P(HEMA) membrane. The diffusivities of free amino acids through membrane depend upon their molecular shape, size and charge.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 1993

The paramagnetic organoruthenium(III) complexes $({\eta}^5-C_5Me_5)RuCl_2(PR_3) (PR_3 = PMe_3,\;PEt_3,\;PiPr_3,\;PCy_3,\;PMe_2Ph,\;PMePh_2,\;PPh_3,\;P(p-C_6H_4CH_3)_3$, DPPE, DPPB, Py) (2a∼2k) were synthesized by the reaction of $[({\eta}^5-C_5Me_5)RuCl_2]_2$ (1) with 1 equivalent of the corresponding phosphines $(PR_3)$. The effective magnetic moment ((${\mu}_{eff} = 1.65∼2.07 B.M.$)) derived from the magnetic susceptibility measurements of the complexes (2a∼2k) were consistent with the presence of a "single" unpaired electron in the molecule. Treatment of dichlororuthenium (III) complex ({\eta}^5-C_5Me_5)RuCl_2(PR_3)$ (2) (i) with KBr in acetone afforded the dibromoruthenium (III) complex $({\eta}^5-C_5Me_5)RuBr_2(PR_3) (PR_3 = PPh_3)$, (ii) with sodium amalgam in diethylether led to the bis(phosphine) derivatives $({eta}^5-C_5Me_5)RuCl(PR_3)_2 (PR_3 = PMe_3,\;PMePh_2)$, and (iii) with carbonmonoxide gave to the carbonyl derivatives $({\eta}^5-C_5Me_5)RuCl(PR_3)(CO) (PR_3 = PMe_3,\;PPh_3)$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.698-704
• /
• 1995

The ion-selective membrane fabricated with 33 wt% PVC, 66 wt% o-NPOE and 1 wt% 4'-benzothiazolylbenzo-15-crown-5 (TB15C5) as a neutral carrier exhibited an enhanced selectivity to potassium ion over sodium ion compared to those prepared with other 15-crown-5 or 18-crown-6 derivatives. The potentiometric properties (response slope, selectivity, detection limits and lifetime) of TB15C5-based ISE membranes along with those based on valinomycin, benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), 4'-aminobenzo-15-crouwn-5 (AB15C5), benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) and bis[(benzo-15-crown-5)-4'-ylmethyl]pimelate (PI-Ⅱ) ionophores were carefully examined under the same experimental conditions. The enhanced selectivity of TB15C5-based membrane to potassium is explained in terms of the effect of the benzothiazol functional group and the distribution coefficients of metal ions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.491-500
• /
• 2004

To assess the quality of nutrient intake by area of Korean adults, a dietary survey with the 3-day record method was obtained from 324 subjects aged 40 years and older but younger than 70 (52.4 $\pm$ 8.7) living in a rural area (Ansung) and suburban area of a middle-sized city (Ansan). The quality of nutrient intake was assessed by analyzing Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR), Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The average daily mean energy intakes were 1,832 ㎉ for Ansung and 1,842 ㎉ for Ansan, respectively. Daily intakes of fat for Ansung and Ansan subjects were 40.9 and 40.3 g, and those for protein were 75.1 and 73.1 g, respectively. The overall calorie: protein: fat ratio (CPF) of energy intake was 63 : 17 : 20. Daily mean intakes of protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, carotene, sodium, thiamin, and niacin were significantly higher in Ansung residents than in Ansan subjects (p < .05). The average intakes of energy, calcium, vitamin A were lower than Recommend Dietary Allowance (RDA) in both areas. Note, over 30% of the study subjects had less than 75% of RDA of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin. The MAR was higher in Ansung than Ansan residents (0.86 and 0.85, respectively; p < .05). INQs were over 1 for most nutrients except calcium (0.87), and that of calcium and phosphorus was each significantly higher in Ansung than Ansan subjects. Based on these results, nutrient intake quality of subjects aged 40 to 69 years living in the surveyed rural area is comparable to that of semi-industrialized suburban area in Korea. Dietary deficiency in all of calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin, however, was a common problem for both rural and suburban residents.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2012

Alkali-activated slag (AAS) is the most obvious alternative materials that can replace OPC. But, AAS industrial usage as a structural material should be evaluated for its durability. Carbonation resistance is one of the most important factors in durability evaluation. Test results for 18 slag-based mortars activated by sodium silicate and 6 OPC mortars were obtained in this study to verify the carbonation property. Main variables considered in the study were flow, compressive strength before and after carbonation, and carbonation depth. Mineralogical and micro-structural analysis of OPC and AAS specimens prior to and after carbonation was conducted using XRD, TGA, FTIR FE-SEM. Test results showed that CHS was major hydration products of AAS and, unlike OPC, no other hydration products were found. After carbonation, CSH of hydration product in AAS turned into an amorphous silica gel, and alumina compounds was not detected. From the analysis of the results, it was estimated that the micro-structures of CSH in AAS easily collapsed during carbonation. Also, the results showed that this collapse of chemical chain of CSH lowered the compressive strength of concrete after carbonation. By increasing the dosage of activators, carbonation resistance and compressive strength were effectively improved.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2016

It has been well known that concrete structures exposed to chloride and sulfate attack environments lead to significant deterioration in their durability due to chloride ion and sulfate ion attack. The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the long-term durability against chloride ion and sulfate attack of the alkali activated cementless concrete replacing the cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag. For this purpose, the cementless concrete specimens were made for water-binder ratios of 40%, 45%, and 50%, respectively and then this specimens were cured in the water of $20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and immersed in fresh water, 10% sodium sulfate solution for 28, 91, 182, and 365 days, respectively. To evaluate the long-term durability to chloride ion and sulfate attack for the cementless concrete specimens, the diffusion coefficient for chloride ion and compressive strength ratio, mass change ratio, and length change ratio were measured according to the NT BUILD 492 and JSTM C 7401, respectively. It was observed from the test results that the resistance against chloride ion and sulfate attack of the cemetntless concrete were comparatively largely increased than those of OPC concrete irrespective of water-binder ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2011

Portland cement production is under critical review due to high amount of $CO_2$ gas released to the atmosphere. Attempts to increase the utilization of a by-products such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag to partially replace the cement in concrete are gathering momentum. But most of by-products is currently dumped in landfills, thus creating a threat to the environment. Many researches on alkali-activated concrete that does not need the presence of cement as a binder have been carried out recently. In this study, we investigated the influence of alkali activator and superplasticizer on the flowability and compressive strength of the alkali-activated mortar in oder to develop cementless alkali-activated concrete using blast furnace slag. In view of the results, we found out that the type and mixture ratio of alkali activator, the type and adding order of superplasticizer results to be significant factors. When cementless alkali-activated mortar using blast furnace slag manufactured with 1:1 the mass ratio of 9M NaOH and sodium silicate, and added superplasticizer before alkali activator in the mixer, we can be secured workability with 180 mm of flow during 1 hours and compressive strength of about 50 MPa under $20^{\circ}C$ curing condition at age of 28days.