• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.237-259
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• 2004

The public assistance scheme plays more important role in income maintenance for poor elders than the public pension does due to insufficient coverage of the public pension resulted from late introduction of it in Korea. However, only limited numbers of poor elders are financially protected by the public assistance contrary to the general perception that the elderly population most benefits from public aids. Based on data set of 2000 from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, this study analysed the size, composition and characteristics of poor elders excluded from the public assistance, and determinants of the elderly's participation in it. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) More than half of poor elders are excluded from the public assistance although their economic status is similar with that of recipients, which may cause income reversal between recipients and non-recipients. (2) It was identified that non-recipient poor elders especially those with same income level of recipients of the National Livelihood Guarantees(NLG) are actually in desperate need of public aids considering their serious financial conditions. (3) Participation in public assistance among the elderly is more affected by socio-demographic factors that reflect family conditions than by economic factors, which is mostly caused by the strict eligibility criteria of the public assistance that reinforces family duty of financial support for elderly relatives in Korea. Policy implications for more effective income security for poor elders include revising inappropriate eligibility criteria of the NLG concerning family obligations, expanding the coverage of the old age allowance for poor elders to near-poor elders, and providing work opportunities to non-recipient poor elders to supplement their income deficit.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.233-260
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• 2011

This study intends to analyze the trend of employment rate of men aged 55~64 in 15 OECD countries from 1980 to 2005. Furthermore, this study means to examine the determinants of men aged 55~64 in 15 OECD countries to support the labor force participation among them. The analysis is based on the data of OECD, ILO and LIS. The analysis method is Arellano and Bond(1981)'s difference GMM which used instrumental variables by dynamic panel model which estimates state dependency of labor market participation and individual panel's heterogeneity. The main results from this analysis are summarized in three points. First, the employment rates of men aged 55~64 had decreased until the middle of the 1990s, while that has been increasing since 1995. Second, the sate dependency strongly worked in the employment rates of 55~64 men and positive period effect was observed for 1980~2005. This study cannot find the pull effect of public pension, while labor market push effect have negatively affected. Third, temporary work rates had contributed to increase the employment rate of men aged 55~64 for 1996~2005. The poverty has become the mechanism of the labor.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.129-152
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• 2006

The purpose in this study is to analyze the effect of expected public pension assets (or social security wealth) and retirement incentives on retirement behaviors of two wage earners households. For the purpose of the study, an empirical analysis was conducted. In the empirical step, it was found that the empirical results were significant for men, but not for women namely, statistically asymmetric if behaviors of two couples are interdependent. The cause for the statistically asymmetric results were then determined. The Bivariate Probit model was used for estimation in the first step and the KLIPS(Korean Labor and Income Panel Study) was used as data for estimation. According to the empirical analysis, the results showed statistically significant asymmetry for men, however not for women, in expected public pension assets and other retirement incentives, non-wage assets, age difference, spouse's health status, spouse's monthly wages per hour and aging of their spouse In this study, cause of statistically asymmetric result in asymmetric complementarities of leisure of couples were found, then explained through different methods of comparison from the most recent studies. First, spouse's cross wage elasticity of self leisure demand(retirement) was calculated and determined whether complementarities of leisure of couples is positive or negative. Then, the degree of complementarities of leisure was distinguished in comparison with the relative size of two cross elasticities. Thus, men have relatively strong complementarities of leisure. But for women, it may roughly cancel out due to the substitution effect and the income effect. Therefore, women have relatively weak complementarities of leisure.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.33-61
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• 2003

This study aims to identify early retirement and the subsequent career ending patterns and explain the phenomena in terms of social security policies and labor market perspectives. Although many older workers retire early, there are very few studies to examine how the retirees end their careers after quitting the long-time jobs. The paper investigates individual work experiences 55 through 61, identifies the career ending patterns, constitutes the micro and macro analytical models to estimate the impacts of labor market and work-related variables. The findings show that many older workers have diverse career ending patterns after long-time career jobs, that is, still working at age-55 job, exiting and reentering, sporadic work, retired permanently from age-55 job, a repeat of labor force entry. Also the estimation results indicate that pension, social security, labor market condition, work structure variables better explain the career ending behaviors than social psychological factors of health, education, attitudes toward retirement and job, ethnicity. Finally, this paper discusses theoretical importances of labor market perspectives and policy implications at the end of thesis.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

The elderly in rural areas are faced with the dilemma of poor community environment, weak social communication ability and insufficient pension knowledge reserve. In addition, due to the serious shortage of social security facilities in rural areas and medical resources, the elderly are struggling, and the suicide rate is far higher than that in urban areas. In order to make the elderly have a comfortable pension environment and face the increasingly serious aging problem with a positive attitude, this paper takes the community environment of the Baima Tibetan elderly in Tielou Township, Gansu Province as the research object of aging transformation. First of all, literature data were used to carry out research on the aging transformation in rural areas. On the basis of sorting out previous research topics, ERG theory was determined as the guide. Secondly, the research methods of on-site investigation, interview and other research methods are adopted to investigate the number of left-behind elderly people in this area, and classify them according to the national standards. At the same time, the image of the current situation of the community environment of the elderly. Finally, combined with the ERG theory, the transformation design of the elderly living environment is implemented, mainly from the three aspects of survival, mutual relationship and growth.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.17-43
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• 2016

This study is on understanding the reality of disabled seniors and investigation of factors that affect overall life satisfaction, making a proposal to improve their life quality. Situation data for the disabled, gathered by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA) in 2014, was used to perform the study, and the target group is 3,181 people with disability, above the age of 65. Descriptive statistics was presented for data analysis and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate factors that affect life satisfaction. It was concluded from the analysis that gender, age, presence of spouse (demographic factors), house income, possession of house, presence of pensioner, registration to public pension plan, social discrimination (social-economical factors), level of disability, subjective health status, level of help needed for daily living, presence of care-giver, sufficiency of help, ability to go out by oneself, difficulty of using public transportations, and presence of medical checkups (disability and health factors.) make meaningful effects to life satisfaction of disabled seniors. Based on the derived results, this study suggests intensive interests and care-giving service for disabled seniors that live alone, institutional complementations to guarantee income security, including public or private pensions, improvements to social recognition and environments for discrimination of the disabled, organization of health and medical treatment service and health care system, comprehensive service provision to social welfare for both the disabled and seniors, and comprehensive service provision to both health care and social welfare.

• 한국노년학
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2005

Recently it has been encouraged in developed countries that labor force participation of the elderly is one of the means to cut down the cost of social welfare for them. However, empirical studies have rarely explored how work in later life contributes to national economy. Especially, even though 56.6 percent of elderly workers aged 65 and older engaged in agriculture and forestry in Korea, their contribution has been socio-economically overlooked. This study aims at examining the effect of farming labor in later life on social welfare expenditure. For this purpose, social welfare expenditure was defined as social benefits provided for the elderly by the social security in public sector and measured as transportation allowance, pension, livelihood aid, medical aid, and health insurance in 2003. Data were obtained from National Health Insurance Cooperation and 37 town/village offices and analyzed by 3 age groups; 65~74, 75~84, and 85 and over using SPSS/PC windows program. Results showed that both livelihood and medical support in all age groups were expended more to non-farm than to farm workers. The amount differences per person between them were 113,959~361,132 won in livelihood support and 15,644~51,418 won in medical support. Also, participation in farming influence reduction of livelihood expenditure for the group 65~74 and 75~84 and that of medical expenditure only for the group 65~74. Based on these results, it was estimated the amount of social welfare expenditure reduced by farming labor in later life. The limit of this study and the policy implications of the results are discussed.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of stress coping in the very old and elderly and to improve life satisfaction through stress reduction as the population ages. To this end, this study aimed to test the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between stress coping and life satisfaction among very old people. In particular, we paid attention to the differences in stress coping from the existing elderly population and took the view that they should be studied as an independent group. To confirm this, we analysed 275 men and women aged 85 years and older who responded to the fifth supplementary survey of the National Elderly Security Panel (KReIS) conducted by the National Pension Service. IBM SPSS 26 was used to test the mediating effect of social support on the effect of stress coping measures on life satisfaction in the very old elderly. The results of the significance test of the independent variables on the mediating variable showed that stress coping was positively significant, i.e., the higher the level of stress coping, the higher the life satisfaction. In addition, the results of the significance test of the effects of the independent variables and mediators on the dependent variable showed that coping with stress had a significant effect, and the mediator, social support, also had a significant effect on life satisfaction. Therefore, this study suggests the need for social support to improve the level of life satisfaction through coping with stress in the very old elderly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.137-163
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to examine the trend of real earnings for TANF leavers. Using administrative data in Wisconsin, this study tracks the 1998 TANF leavers over 7 years. Based on the cyclicality of real wage hypothesis, this study finds: First, although the average real quarterly earnings of TANF leavers have remained stable since their exits, there are substantial labor mobility among TANF leavers. Second, the panel data analysis shows that the real earnings of TANF leavers are significantly associated with local labor market conditions, which supports the hypothesis on the cyclicality of real wages. This study has policy implications that labor market conditions matter for the economic well-being of TANF leavers and the labor demand policies are needed for the economic security of TANF leavers after the exit.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.237-247
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• 2022

This study predicts the economic activity level of the elderly in Korea using various machine learning methods. While the previous studies mainly focused on testing the relationship between the economic activity level and the life satisfaction or the social security system, this study aims at the accurate prediction on the economic activity level of the elderly using various machine learning methods and the forecast combination. Dependent variables such as the activity rate, employment rate, etc and independent variables such as the income, average wage, etc compose the dataset in this study. Five different machine learning methods and two forecast combinations are applied to the given dataset. The prediction performances of the machine learning method and the forecast combination varied across the dependent variables and prediction intervals, but it was found that the forecast combination was relatively superior to other methods in terms of the stability of prediction. This study has significance in that it accurately predicted the economic activity level of the elderly and achieved the stability of the prediction, raising practicality from a policy perspective.