• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.675-693
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• 2016

As North Korean Youths are getting bigger, many psychologists have focused on them academically. But earlier studies showed many mistakes which have to be solved quickly. So the purposes of the present study are to set as the main problems as follows: Key issues and research direction for the Young North Korean defectors as research participants, issues and research direction for the objectivity of the Young North Korean defectors' psychological states, issues and research direction for the Young North Korea defectors' life in South Korea. Results as follows; First, there is no enough understanding of the research subjects and no consistency among the research results, and second, most of the researchers have no objective understanding of the research subjects' psychological states, and finally, most of the researchers have a 'adaptation model' strongly. So we have to have a more proper and objective stance for the Young North Korea defectors' life in South Korea.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1501-1520
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to observe the settlement experience among elderly North Korean women defectors who have been living in South Korea, and to understand their experience more fully. In this study, we adopted Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. The research participants consisted of six elderly North Korean women defectors in the age group of 65 to 70 who have settled in South Korea over three years. We utilized the purposed sampling and an in-depth interview for data collection. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi's six specific steps. As a result, eight theme clusters and sixteen themes were deduced from this research. The eight theme clusters are , , , , , , , . Based on these results, we discussed the meaning of elderly North Korean women's settlement experience in South Korea from a socio-cultural aspect and provided social welfare implications and future research suggestions.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.37-67
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• 2021

Mazu is considered the famous Chinese Sea Goddess, venerated by seafarers. Mazu belief was conducted in Meizhou County, Fujian Province. Soon worship of Mazu spread quickly to other parts of over the world, especially in Southeast Asia. In China, the Mazu belief was strongly influenced by marine culture, but its marine factors faded when Chinese immigrants had lived together with the Kinh people in Pho Hien (in the north of Vietnam) for more than four centuries. Applying the Acculturation theory, this paper aims to analyze the migration background of the Chinese and their integration into Kinh culture in Pho Hien. It can be said that historical, economic and social context, as well as native government policies have highly affected the manner and the rate of this belief's acculturation. Furthermore, the article explains the reasons for the fading of marine cultural traits and their replacement by the Kinh people's cultural factors in this belief.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.89-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to research Korean Jowoo-Guan and Chinese Hal-Guan and study transition and symbolism of the birds feather in the cap. The culture of ancient Korea was influenced by North Asia prior to the influence of the Chinese culture, One of the remarkable thing, as the cultural factor of North Asia is the birds worship thought. Korean Jowoo-Guan was derived from the birds worship thought. So in dealing with the plume of Korean Jowoo-Guan, we must recognize Worship to the bird and the symbolical meaning of the bird. The results of study was as follow. 1. Korean Jowoo-Guan was influenced worship to the sun, so it's wearing symbolized the governing class. As the Social development and governing class, the feathering cap was developed to a gold crown, and also the gold crown of Samguk times had been influenced style of North Asia culture. But afterwards the symbolical meaning of the bird was waning, only decorative meaning was remained. 2. Chinese Hal-Guan was warn in Joo-dynasty, but the symbolism of the plume in the cap was not similar to Korean Jowoo-Guan. Chinese Hal-Guan was symbolized bravery of superfluous soldier than Worship to the bird. But afterwards the symbolical meaning of bravery of superfluous soldier was waning, only decorative moaning was remained. 3. Though neighbor countries have mutually influenced and have similar cultural style, they have symbolism of themselves

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.343-365
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• 2010

It is a follow-up study on acculturation types and adaptation level to South Korea among North Korean defecting adolescents who participated in the study with the same purpose five years ago(2003). The study of 2003(1st year study) was done with 90 adolescents, out of whom 46 participated in this study(2nd year study). The data from 46 subjects who participated in both 1st and 2nd studies were analyzed. The results on individual acculturation type showed that 40% of the respondents who belonged to 'marginal' or 'separated' types in the 1st study were changed to 'assimilated' or 'integrated' types in the 2nd. Twenty percent changed from 'assimilated' or 'integrated' types in the 1st study to 'marginal' or 'separated' in the 2nd. Furthermore, the higher is the acceptance level of South Korean culture, the lower are their psycho-social problems and the higher is the satisfaction level of daily lives in South Korea. While the higher is the preservation level of North Korean culture, the higher is aggression. Based on the results, the study developed discussion on diverse alternative plans for helping North Korean defecting adolescents in successfully adjusting to the South Korean society.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the types of personality of North Korean female refugees, which were extracted from the T-scores of SPFQ(scales of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire) and psychological adaptation. For this, The data of 158 North Korean female refugees located in Seoul Yangchun-Gu and Gayang-Gu was analyzed. The results were as follows. Firstly, the ratio of over 65T in ego-strength, self-control, social-boldness, anxiety scales and under 34T in abstractedness and openness to change scales was higher than in other scales. Secondly, there were statistically significant differences in personality characteristics based on the demographic variables especially age and the term of residence in South Korea. Thirdly, three distinct groups were extracted from the K-means cluster analysis. The first group was characterized with emotional-unstability and negative emotionality. And the North Korean female refugees in the second group hesitated to enter into and maintain proper relationships with south korean, while they were unlikely to accept norms and rules in South Korea. The third group, characterized by higher emotional stability, ego-strength, and agreeableness, was met normal range in all the scale of SPFQ. Finally, each three groups were showed statistically significant differences in psychological adaptation scales(self-identity and resilience). We expected that these results contributed to explore the psychological and the political plans for North Korean female refugees' settlement in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.507-528
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• 2009

Coping and defense are similar psychological mechanisms to reduce stress response, but they are regarded as distinct from each other. Defense involved distortions of reality, but coping was used for strategies associated with accepting the true nature of the situation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the coping and defense features of the North Korean Defectors in the Rorschach test. The subjects were then categorized into four groups based on their birth place and gender: Male North Korean defectors( N=16), female North Korean defectors(N=28), male South Koreans(N=17), and female South Koreans(N=25). All subjects were individually administered the Rorschach test, and protocols were scored according to the Exner(2003)'s Rorschach Comprehensive systems. Coping or defense-related Rorschach variables were selected for analysis: EA, CDI, Adj D, EB style, Lamda, Zd, X-%, Xu%, W:Dd:D, P, reaction time, and other behavior characteristics during the testing. Compared with other groups, female North Korean defectors were more likely to show poor coping resources(low EA), adjustment difficulties(Adj D), and distortions of reality(high X-%). They also demonstrated more 'don't know' responses and more delayed responses than other groups. These findings suggest that poor coping resources make female North Korean defectors more vulnerable to stress, and psychological intervention such as social skills training may help them settle successfully in south Korea. Limitations of the current study and implications for future research were discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Existing studies have used a variety of terms related to North Korea's income guarantees, causing some confusion. It can be said that it is a problem that appears only when dealing with the contents of a specific statute in an existing study. To this end, we will look at the laws and regulations related to income security by period and analyze the contents of dictionaries that are also the explanations of the laws and the status of orders and rules. As a result of the analysis, living subsidies are classified into subsidies under the national social insurance system and pension and subsidy under the national social security system. Among them, the pension under the national social security system, which is an income security system for non-workers, includes old age pensions, labor capacity loss pension(general work ability loss pension, accidental work ability loss pension, honored soldiers' work ability loss pension), and survivor pension(general survivor pension, war deads' survivor pension, victims' survivor pension). In particular, it was confirmed that the terminology for social security pension, which has been confusing in previous studies, is a collective jargon for all pensions under the national social security system. This study is significant in that it synthesized the historical transition process of the terminology of income security from the 10th Platform for the National Liberation Society in 1936 to the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 2013.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.168-179
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• 2016

This study attempted to analyze the relationship between school life satisfaction and acculturation of elementary students of north Korean refugees in Daegu and Gyeongbuk region. The socio-demographic characteristics of elementary students in Daegu and Gyeongbuk were different from in capital territory or other parts of Korea. The acculturation of students living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk was distinctive. The proportion of assimilation was slightly higher than that of integration. However, 42 percent of students belonging to separation and marginalization passively accepted south Korean culture, so that they would have a difficult time in adjusting to new culture. Students getting older and being used to school life strongly inclined to accept south Korean culture; while, students born in north Korea tended to resist acceptance of south Korean culture. Most students were satisfied with school life. The satisfaction level was high in the relationship with teachers and school environment; while, the satisfaction level in learning activity was relatively low. In the relationship between school satisfaction and types of acculturation, students actively accepting new culture were relatively highly satisfied with their school life. A standardized short-term education oriented program for north Korean adolescents refugees living in south Korea should be shifted into the long-term support policy reflected in class and attribute in terms of acculturation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

This paper attempted to systematize the settlement problem of Moroccan immigrants and the plan for Moroccan cooperation for various purposes by understanding Morocco's religious background and historical and cultural characteristics. Morocco is open to trade and typical in the social and cultural distance. It has been exchanging Western European culture, including Spain and France, but maintains a typical Muslim. In particular, Morocco was once a center of triangular trade, a diaspora and logistics hub, and advanced to North America. It will continue to serve as a bridgehead for the cultural spread of global square-traded. Now, Moroccan trade is formed around France and other European regions. This is encountered in Korea and other countries around the world due to the progress of opening and industrialization in the African region. Since COVID-19, soft power has been increasing women's accessibility. As a global triangular strategic location for business or service financing and regional access to Morocco, we demonstrate the local acceptance of cultural industries and services, the soft power of Korea.