• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.879-884
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• 2004

This paper describes the development of a synthetic multi-agent called KMITL Cadence 2003. KMITL Cadence 2003 is a robotic soccer simulation team consisting of eleven autonomous software agents. Each agent operates in a physical soccer simulation model called Robocup Soccer Server which provides fully distributed and real-time multi-agent system environment. All teammates have to cooperate to achieve the common goal of winning the game. The simulation models many aspects of the football field such as noise in ball movements, noisy sensors, unreliable communication channel between teammates and actuators, limited physical abilities and restricted communication. This paper addresses the algorithm to develop the soccer agents to perform basic actions which are scoring, passing ball and blocking the opponents effectively. The result of this development is satisfactory because the successful scoring attempts is increased from 11.1% to 33.3%, successful passing ball attempts is increased from 22.08% to 63.64%, and also, successful intercepting attempts is increased from 88% to 97.73%.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of soccer wear with different materials and designs. As a beginning step, the questionnaire survey about the actual condition of soccer wears was conducted. with the results of the questinnaire, two soccer wears with new material and design that were improved in tactile sensations, absorption and ventilation were developed. We evaluated thermal and subjective responses of subjects wearing Korea national soccer team uniform in 1998 World Cup (Uniform 98), soccer wear with new material and same design(New II) and with new material and new design(New I). New I was made with mesh in armhole for improving ventilation. Rectal temperature, skin temperature, clothing microclimate, and heart rate were measured in climatic chamber test(twelve times) and field test(eighteen times). The results were as follows. 1. As the results of the climatic chamber test, rectal temperature was lower in New I and New II than Uniform98, and mean skin temperature was lower in New I than Uniform 98 and New II. Heart rate was lower in New I than New II, and total body weight loss and local sweating were not significantly different by soccer wears. 2. As the results of the field test, rectal temperature was lower in New I than Uniform98 and New II. Mean skin temperature was lower in New II than Uniform98 and New I. Clothing microclimate temperature was lower in New II than Uniform98 and New 1, and clothing microclimate humidity was lower in New I, New II than Uniform 98. Heart rate was lower in New I than Uniform 98, New II and total body weight loss and local sweating were lower in New I, New II than Uniform 98. In conclusion, New I using new design using mesh in armhole and new material using sweat absorbent finishing was excellent from the point of view of physical responses, ventilation and sweat absorption.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2008

본 연구는 프로축구 관중의 라이프스타일이 관람유인요인에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 프로축구 관중의 라이프스타일이 충성도 및 관람유인요인에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 성남종합운동장에서 열린 2007 K-리그 챔피언 결정전 관중 500명을 대상으로 유층집락무선 표집법을 이용하여 표본을 추출하였다. 자료처리는 회수된 설문자료 중에서 기재 내용이 부족하거나 자료검색 과정에서 응답 내용의 신뢰성이 없다고 판단된 것은 분석에서 제외시키고 최종 486명의 자료를 SPSS Win. 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 개별 통계 처리하였다. 구체적인 통계처리 방법은 조사대상의 일반적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 빈도분석을 실시하였고 라이프스타일, 관람유인요인의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 상관관계분석, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상의 연구 방법과 절차를 통해 통하여 프로 축구 관중의 라이프스타일이 관람유인요인에 미치는 영향에 관하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 프로축구 관중의 라이프스타일은 충성도(행동적, 태도적)에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 프로축구 관중의 라이프스타일(레저활동형, 유행추구형, 신세대의식형, 출세지향형)은 관람유인요인(경기장요인, 경기상황요인, 관람비용요인, 관람촉진요인, 위락성요인, 선수요인)에 영향을 미친다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.33-36
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• 2000

To create a more realistic soccer game derived from TV images, we are developing an image synthesis system that generates 3D image sequence from TV images. We propose the method for the team and the pose recognition of players in TV images. The representation includes camera calibration method, team recognition method and pose recognition method. To find the location of a player on the field, a field model is constructed and a player's field position is transformed by 4-feature points. To recognize the team information of players, we compute RGB mean values and standard deviations of a player in TV images. Finally, to recognize pose of a player, this system computes the velocity and the ratio of player(height/width). Experimental results are included to evaluate the performance of the team and the pose recognition.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of lower limb strengthening training combined with electro muscle stimulation on the quadriceps femoris muscle activity of soccer players. Methods: Thirty university soccer players were selected as study subjects and divided into a lower limb strengthening training group combined with EMS (Group I) and a general lower limb strengthening training group (Group II), and 15 subjects were randomly assigned. After receiving general soccer training, subjects in this study additionally mediated lower limb strengthening training combined with EMS and general lower limb strengthening training for 26 minutes, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Quadriceps femoris muscle activity was analyzed before mediation. Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris were measured with maximum isometric contraction in the manual muscle test position in order to analyze leg muscle activity. The same items as above were re-measured and a between-group analysis was conducted after 8 weeks of mediation. Results: As a result of comparative analysis of lower extremity muscle activity between groups, the lower limb strengthening training group combined with EMS showed a statistically significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity compared to the general lower limb strengthening training group. Conclusion: As a result, it was found that lower limb strengthening training combined with EMS was more effective in improving quadriceps femoris muscle activity. Based on this study, we are going to provide basic data on the possibility of using EMS in the field of sports rehabilitation for soccer players.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 재33권6호
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• pp.529-542
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• 2023

Wave propagation with high transverse deflection could affect the stability of the ball in its trajectory. For low stiffness balls similar to soccer and volleyball balls, the waves are more noticeable in comparison to other balls like ping-pong ball. On the other hand, the soccer balls are under heavy impact loads from shoots and contacting different objects in the field. The maximum recorded speed of a soccer ball after kicking is the 211 km/hr and the average maximum speed is around 112 km/hr. Therefore, in such speeds the aerodynamic forces become important which are directly related to geometrical shape of the ball. In this regard, the wave propagation in soccer ball is examined in the current study using large deformation shear deformable formulations. Classical relations of stress-strain components are taken into consideration along with minimum total energy principle. The final derived relations were solved by using harmonic differential quadrature method. The results are generally presented ion term of phase velocity as function of different influencing parameters of the materials, geometry and mass of the ball.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2003

지능 제어, 통신, 컴퓨터 및 센서 기술, 영상 처리, 메카트로닉스 등과 같은 다양한 분야에서 로봇 축구 시스템에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그중 전략 연구는 대부분 공격 전략 연구에 치중하고 있으며, 점차 지능적인 공격 전략을 구현하는 방향으로 흘러가고 있다. 이에 따라 과거의 단순한 수비 전략으로는 완전한 수비가 불가능하게 되었다. 따라서, 지능적인 공격을 효율적으로 수비할 수 있는 수비 전략이 필요하며, 효율적인 수비를 위하여 공격자 로봇의 의도 추출이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는, 퍼지 최대 최소 신경망을 이용한 축구 로봇의 공격 의도 추출기를 설계하였다. 첫째로 축구 로봇 시스템에서의 의도를 정의하고 의도 추출에 대하여 설명한다. 다음으로 설계한 퍼지 최대 최소 신경망을 이용하여 설계한 축구 로봇의 의도 추출기에 대하여 설명한다. 퍼지 최대 최소 신경망은 패턴분류 방법 중의 하나로 온라인 적용, 짧은 학습 시간, 소프트 결정(soft decision) 등의 많은 장점을 갖고 있다. 따라서, 다이나믹한 환경을 가진 축구 로봇 시스템의 의도 추출에 적합하다. 이 의도 추출기는 상대 팀 로봇이 공격시 어떠한 상황에서 어떠한 행동을 할 것인가를 미리 알아내어 수비 시 이용할 수 있도록 하며, 학습을 통하여 의도 추출을 함으로써 상대 팀 경기를 보고 팀의 전략을 파악하는 전략 분석기로도 사용이 가능하다. 자체 제작한 3대3 로봇 축구 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 하였으며, 학습을 함에 따라서 의도 추출률이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 축구 경기 자동 분석을 위한 첫걸음으로 일반적인 축구 경기 영상열에서 선수 및 공을 추적하고 영상 모자의 기법을 이용해서 운동장 모델 상에서 선수가 움직인 궤적을 알아내는 기법을 제시한다. 여기서 일반걱인 축구 경기 영상열이란 극도의 zoom-in 또는 zoom-out 아닌 경우로 TV 카메라가 공을 쫓아 자연스럽게 움직이는 상황의 영상을 말한다. 이러한 영상열로부터 선수의 궤적을 구하기 위해선 다음과 같이 크게 세 가지 문제를 해결해야한다. 첫째로 입력 영상에서 운동장 부분을 추출하는 문제, 둘째로 선수 및 공을 추적하고 선수들의 팀을 구분하는 문제, 마지막으로 영상에서의 선수의 위치를 실제 운동장 좌표로의 변환을 통해 선수가 움직인 자취를 운동장 모델 상에서 구하는 문제가 그것이다. 운동장의 추출은 칼라 정보를 이용하였고 이 추출된 운동장 영역 하에서 템플릿 매칭과 Kalman 필터링을 이용하여 선수와 공을 추적했다. 선수간 겹침 문제에 대해서는 CHBP(Color Histogram Back-Projection) 기법을 적용했다. 특히 선수가 운동장에서 움직인 궤적을 구하기 구하기 위해서 입력 영상에서 보이는 특징점들을 이용하여 운동장 모델 좌표와 입력 영상 좌표간의 변환을 구하고 이를 통해 운동장 모델에서의 선수의 위치를 구했다. 이때에 입력 영상에서 특징점이 충분치 않을 경우 영상 모자익 기법을 이용하여 특징점이 보이는 영상과의 좌표 변환 관계를 구함으로써 해결하였다. 실험적으로 실제 TV에서 방영된 축구 경기 영상열에 제안된 방법을 적용하여 얻어진 결과를 보인다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest a basic data of playground design that can arouse various curiosities and interests of children. The 13play areas 'A' kindergartem's playground that parent, music, play equipment, soccer field, water, sand, tunnel, maze, animal, plant, ground hill, bike road, and inner court were evaluated by 16 teachers and 165 children between the age of 4 and 5. POE data of teachers were collected by questionnaire. And children chose and rated very fun and interesting 5 play areas of 13 ones based on the photos. The results were as following. 1) 13 play areas were generally used evenly with diverse purpose. 2) the environment of the play areas was deemed very appropriate. 3) maze area and play equipment area were recognized as the most favored play areas by children. 4) teachers recommended soccer field, plants, maze, tunnel, music area as the most favorable play areas.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2002

This study was conducted to select suitable turfarasses for use at 2002 world cup soccer fields in Korea. A 1/1000 scale Inchon worldcup soccer dome was constructed for this research. Species and seeding rates of cool-season grasses used inside and outside the dome were Kentuck bleugrass 10g/$m^2$ (KB), Kentucky bleugrass 10g/$m^2$+ perennial ryegrass 10g/$m^2$ mixture (KB+PR) and Kentucky bleugrass 6g/$m^2$+tall fescue 14g/$m^2$+ perennial ryegrass 4g/$m^2$ mixture (KB+TF+PR). Warm-season grasses also used in this study were Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii' (ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith'(ZZ) which were layed as sod. So, total 5 types of grasses were used inside and outside the dome. The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method(United States Golf Association method). The plots were designed by randomized block design. Cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) were found to be better performers for visual rating and visual color than the zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). There were no significant differences in turf performance within cool-season grasses, while ZA showed better turf performances than ZZ within zoysiagrasses. The green color was maintained for about 10 months in the col-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) compared to about 5~6 months in the zoysiagrasses. Root length and density data revealed higher values for KB, KB+PR and KB+TF+PR compared to ZA and ZZ. Root performance of 22 was better than ZA within zoysiagrasses which was the opposite result of turf performances. There was also no significant difference between U performance inside and outside the dome. However, the decreasing tendency of turf quality inside the dome at the end of the study showed that more proper maintenance technology was needed inside the d[me. It could be concluded by this study that cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) were more suitable turfgrasses than waits-season zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ) for use at 2002 world cup soccer fields in Korea.