• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

Recently, model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) has played an important role in transmission tomography by significantly improving the quality of reconstructed images for low-dose scans. MBIR is based on the penalized-likelihood (PL) approach, where the penalty term (also known as the regularizer) stabilizes the unstable likelihood term, thereby suppressing the noise. In this work we further improve MBIR by using a more expressive regularizer which can restore the underlying image more accurately. Here we used a spline regularizer derived from a linear combination of the two-dimensional splines with first- and second-order spatial derivatives and applied it to a non-quadratic convex penalty function. To derive a PL algorithm with the spline regularizer, we used a separable paraboloidal surrogates algorithm for convex optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that our regularization method improves reconstruction accuracy in terms of both regional percentage error and contrast recovery coefficient by restoring smooth edges as well as sharp edges more accurately.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.1535-1547
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• 2015

A vector field on a Riemannian manifold (M, g) is called concircular if it satisfies ${\nabla}X^v={\mu}X$ for any vector X tangent to M, where ${\nabla}$ is the Levi-Civita connection and ${\mu}$ is a non-trivial function on M. A smooth vector field ${\xi}$ on a Riemannian manifold (M, g) is said to define a Ricci soliton if it satisfies the following Ricci soliton equation: $$\frac{1}{2}L_{\xi}g+Ric={\lambda}g$$, where $L_{\xi}g$ is the Lie-derivative of the metric tensor g with respect to ${\xi}$, Ric is the Ricci tensor of (M, g) and ${\lambda}$ is a constant. A Ricci soliton (M, g, ${\xi}$, ${\lambda}$) on a Riemannian manifold (M, g) is said to have concircular potential field if its potential field is a concircular vector field. In the first part of this paper we determine Riemannian manifolds which admit a concircular vector field. In the second part we classify Ricci solitons with concircular potential field. In the last part we prove some important properties of Ricci solitons on submanifolds of a Riemannian manifold equipped with a concircular vector field.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.174-177
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• 2009

Parathyroid cyst are rare lesion of the neck and superior mediastinum. They are classified as either functional or nonfunctional based on the presence or absence of hyperparathyroidism. They typically present as a palpable neck mass, or as an incidental finding during neck surgery. So, it must be included within the differential diagnosis of a neck lump. A 48-year old woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of left anterior neck mass. Physical finding showed soft, movable, non-tender mass on the lower left third of the neck. Laboratory findings revealed normal thyroid function and normal serum calcium level. On previous history, patient underwent two times sono-guided fine needle aspiration at local clinic, and about 10cc clear watery aspirate was noted. Computerized tomography findings showed non-enhancing hypodense cystic lesion on left thyroid area with tracheal deviation to right side. Preoperative diagnosis was thyroid cyst, and thyroidectomy was planed. Intra-operative finding showed huge cystic mass occupying the left thyroid area and smooth, shiny, semitransparent thin cyst wall was noted, which was loosely attached to the thyroid. The cyst was easily dissected free from the thyroid and surrounding tissues. After cyst removal, pathological study confirmed as a parathyroid cyst.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

To study the direct effect of somatostatin (SS) on calcium channel current ($I_{Ba}$) in guinea-pig gastric myocytes, $I_{Ba}$ was recorded by using whole-cell patch clamp technique in single smooth muscle cells. Nicardipine ($1{\mu}M$), a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, inhibited $I_{Ba}$ by $98{\pm}1.9$% (n=5), however $I_{Ba}$ was decreased in a reversible manner by application of SS. The peak $I_{Ba}$ at 0 mV were decreased to $95{\pm}1.5$, $92{\pm}1.9$, $82{\pm}4.0$, $66{\pm}5.8$, $10{\pm}2.9$% at $10^{-10}$, $10^{-9}$, $10^{-8}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-5}$ M of SS, respectively (n=3∼6; $mean{\pm}SEM$). The steady-state activation and inactivation curves of $I_{Ba}$ as a function of membrane potentials were well fitted by a Boltzmann equation. Voltage of half-activation ($V_{0.5}$) was $-12{\pm}0.5$ mV in control and $-11{\pm}1.9$ mV in SS treated groups (respectively, n=5). The same values of half-inactivation were $-35{\pm}1.4$ mV and $-35{\pm}1.9$ mV (respectively, n=5). There was no significant difference in activation and inactivation kinetics of $I_{Ba}$ by SS. Inhibitory effect of SS on $I_{Ba}$ was significantly reduced by either dialysis of intracellular solution with $GDP_{\beta}S$, a non-hydrolysable G protein inhibitor, or pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX). SS also decreased contraction of guinea-pig gastric antral smooth muscle. In conclusion, SS decreases voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel current ($VDCC_L$) via PTXsensitive signaling pathways in guinea-pig antral circular myocytes.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.227-242
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• 1994

The general pharmacological effects of a new anthracycline anticancer agent, DA-125 $[7-0-(2,\;6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-{\alpha}-L-talopyranosyl)-adriamycinone-14-{\beta}-alaninate{\cdot}HCI]$ were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. Intravenous administration of DA-125 presented no significant effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems of ICR mice except a decrease in the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing response at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In anesthetized rats and dogs, DA-125 produced a transient depression of blood pressure and an increase in heart rate, but did not affect the peripheral blood flow in the isolated ear vessels of rabbits and the mechanical functions of the isolated hearts of guinea pigs. No significant effects were observed on the gastrointestinal functions and the contractilities of smooth muscle preparations obtained from guinea pig trachea, rabbit ileum, pregnant and non-pregnant uterus and vas deferens of rats. DA-125 Increased the contractility of the isolated ileum of guinea pigs in a dose range of $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-9}g/ml$, and also increased, but weaker than adriamycin, the vascular permeability in rat skin. DA-125 had no effect on the kallikrein-induced increase in permeability and the permeability of the visceral organs. DA-125 did not adversely affect the liver function and the blood coagulation system, and did not induce hemolysis in vitro. It is concluded from the results that the general pharmachological effects of DA-125 are similar to or weaker than those of adriamycin, and that little adverse effects are anticipated with a therapeutic dose range.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2020

Formation behavior and properties of PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) film on AA2024 were investigated under application of pulsed current as a function of Na3PO4 concentration in 0.05 M Na2SiO3 solution by analyzing voltage-time behavior, in-situ observation of arc generation, observation of surface morphology and measurements of thickness and surface roughness. Arc generation voltage decreased with increasing Na3PO4 concentration. Color difference of PEO films between edge and inner part disappeared by addition of Na3PO4. It was also observed that size of nodules on PEO film decreased with increasing Na3PO4 concentration. Thickness of PEO films formed on AA2024 increased with increasing Na3PO4 concentration. Whereas, surface roughness of PEO films decreased with increasing Na3PO4 concentration up to 0.05 M of Na3PO4 which is attributed to the deceased size of nodules on the PEO films. However, the surface roughness increased with increasing Na3PO4 concentration more than 0.07 M of Na3PO4 which seems to be due to the formation of non-uniform PEO films with smooth surface and large size pores formed by orange-colored big arcs. The experimental results suggest that added sodium phosphate less than 0.2 M in an alkaline silicate solution can contribute to the formation of relatively thick and uniform thickness of PEO films under arc generation voltage lower than 300 V.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1397-1406
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• 2019

신경학적 손상에 의한 언어장애인/비장애인 간의 일상적인 휴대폰 통화시 신경학적 손상으로 인한 발음의 정확도와 언어장애인의 발음 특징이 결합되어 원활한 의사소통을 저해하는 경우가 많다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 제한하는 방법은 언어장애인 특성에 맞춘 단어의 모호성(out of vocabulary) 개선과, 언어 장애인 구강 특성에 따른 어려운 발성 부분을 인위적으로 보정해주는 유도선이 포함된 MEMS(Micro Electro-mechanical System) Microphone 장치 개선이다. S/W적 개선은 도치기능이 포함된 결정트리이며, 연속어 특성을 감안하여 개선된 matrix-vector rnn 방법을 제시하였다. H/W와 S/W 특성을 감안하여 유사 사전을 만들어 원활한 의사소통을 위한 말명료도 향상에 기여하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.485-488
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• 2005

Most metals are polycrystalline material whose deformation is dominated by the slip system. During the deformation process, orientation of slip systems is rearranged with preferred orientations, leading to deformation-induced crystallographic texture which is called deformation texture. Depending on the texture development, the property of material can be changed. The rate-independent crystal plasticity which is based on the Schmid law as a yield function causes a non-uniqueness in the choice of active slip systems. In this work, to avoid the slip system ambiguity problem, rate-independent crystal plasticity model based on the smooth yield surface with rounded-off corners is adopted. In order to simulate the polycrystalline material under plastic deformation, we employ the Taylor model of polycrystal behavior that all the grains are assumed to be subjected to the macroscopic velocity gradient. Rigid-plastic finite element program based on this rate-independent crystal plasticity is developed to predict the grain-level deformation behavior of FCC metals during metal forming processes. In the finite element calculation, one integration point is considered as a crystalline aggregate which has a number of crystals. Macroscopic behavior of material can be deduced from the behavior of aggregates. As applications, the extrusion processes are simulated and the changes of mechanical properties are predicted.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1229-1244
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• 2017

최근 여러 분야에서 데이터에 근거한 분석방법론에 대한 수요가 증대됨에 따라 이를 처리할 수 있는 최적화 방법이 발전되고 있다. 특히 통계학과 기계학습 분야의 문제들에서 요구되는 다양한 제약 조건은 볼록 최적화 (convex optimization) 방법으로 해결할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 리뷰하는 alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) 알고리즘은 선형 제약 조건을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있으며, 합의 방식을 통해 병렬연산을 수행할 수 있어서 범용적인 표준 최적화 툴로 자리매김 되고 있다. ADMM은 원래의 문제보다 최적화가 쉬운 부분문제로 분할하고 이를 취합함으로써 복잡한 원 문제를 해결하는 방식의 근사알고리즘이다. 부드럽지 않거나 복합적인 (composite) 목적 함수를 최적화할 때 유용하며, 쌍대이론과 proximal 작용소 이론을 토대로 체계적으로 알고리즘을 구성할 수 있기 때문에 통계 및 기계학습 분야에서 폭 넓게 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 통계와 관련된 여러 분야에서 ADMM알고리즘의 활용도를 살펴보고자 하며 주요한 두 가지 주제에 중점을 두고자 한다. (1) 목적식의 분할 전략과 증강 라그랑지안 방법 및 쌍대문제의 설명과 (2) proximal 작용소의 역할이다. 알고리즘이 적용된 사례로, 별점화 함수 추정 등의 조정화 (regularization)를 활용한 방법론들을 소개한다. 모의 자료를 활용하여 lasso 문제의 최적화에 대한 실증결과를 제시한다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

We present the relation between the genus in cosmology and the Betti numbers for excursion sets of three- and two-dimensional smooth Gaussian random fields, and numerically investigate the Betti numbers as a function of threshold level. Betti numbers are topological invariants of figures that can be used to distinguish topological spaces. In the case of the excursion sets of a three-dimensional field there are three possibly non-zero Betti numbers; ${\beta}_0$ is the number of connected regions, ${\beta}_1$ is the number of circular holes (i.e., complement of solid tori), and ${\beta}_2$ is the number of three-dimensional voids (i.e., complement of three-dimensional excursion regions). Their sum with alternating signs is the genus of the surface of excursion regions. It is found that each Betti number has a dominant contribution to the genus in a specific threshold range. ${\beta}_0$ dominates the high-threshold part of the genus curve measuring the abundance of high density regions (clusters). ${\beta}_1$ dominates the genus near the median thresholds which measures the topology of negatively curved iso-density surfaces, and ${\beta}_2$ corresponds to the low-threshold part measuring the void abundance. We average the Betti number curves (the Betti numbers as a function of the threshold level) over many realizations of Gaussian fields and find that both the amplitude and shape of the Betti number curves depend on the slope of the power spectrum n in such a way that their shape becomes broader and their amplitude drops less steeply than the genus as n decreases. This behaviour contrasts with the fact that the shape of the genus curve is fixed for all Gaussian fields regardless of the power spectrum. Even though the Gaussian Betti number curves should be calculated for each given power spectrum, we propose to use the Betti numbers for better specification of the topology of large scale structures in the universe.