• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2012

Objectives: To investigate the link between cigarette smoking and muscle strength in Japanese men. Methods: We used data on 4249 Japanese men, aged $43.3{\pm}13.9$ years, in this cross-sectional investigation study. Grip strength and leg strength were measured as indicators of overall muscle strength. Meanwhile, subjects' cigarette smoking habits were recorded by trained medical staff. The effect of cigarette smoking on muscle strength was evaluated. Results: A total of 1618 men (38.1%) were smokers and 1481 men (34.9%) exercised regularly. Significant differences in muscle strength were noted between men with and without a Brinkman index of 400 or greater, after adjusting for age. After adjusting for age, height, body weight and exercise habits, associations between the Brinkman index and leg strength and the ratio of leg strength to body weight were attenuated. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking might be negatively associated with muscle strength, especially grip strength in Japanese men.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2004

Alcohol has as much effect on our lives as the different taste for foods that people have all of the world. Recently, the interest about drinking habits has increased with the rise in health problems for college students with poor health related behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol consumption, smoking and eating behavior of college students in the Kyungsan area. This survey was administered through questionnaires, and the subjects were 177 male and 189 female college students. The self-administered questionnaire was composed of questions concerning social-demographic factors, general characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and eating behavior. The data were analyzed by $\chi$$^2$-test and t-test. According to the survey results, almost of all of the survey subjects drank alcohol. The mean alcohol consumption level per day for male students (33.9${\pm}$29.7g) were significantly higher than for the female students (18.5${\pm}$16.5g), and more than 39.6% of the subjects drank alcohol 1-3 days a week. Alcohol consumption changed the students eating habits. Most students had dietary problems such as fast eating, skipping meal and spending too much money on fast food. The survey about eating behavior of the students showed the male students had more problems when compared with female students. Alcohol consumption levels and alcohol dependence showed a significant positive correlation with smoking cigarettes (r=0.386, p＜0.001). The correlation coefficient between alcohol consumption and eating behavior was negatively correlated with skipping meals (r=-0.121, p＜0.001). However, there were significant and positive correlations with overeating when students were depressed (r=0.130, p＜0.05), with eating meals when watching TV or videos (r=0.085) and with spending money on fast food(r=0.235, p＜0.235). The results indicate that health related behaviors of college students in the present study were fairly good. More attention should be given to college students and their habits of skipping meal, alcohol drinking and smoking, and the fairly good students can act as a model for correct dietary behavior so as to improve overall student health.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stresses to female university students and their habits of dealing with stresses through drinking alcohol and smoking. Methods : Subjects, 313 students, were selected through convenience sampling method from the 2 four-year universities in Chonbuk and Chonnam province from May to June, 2005. Data were collected through the structured questionnaires that include general characteristics, Quantity Frequency methods, the number of cigarette per day, campus stress scale, and stress coping style scale, and they were analyzed by Cronbach' alpha, descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test by using SPSS/PC⁺ program. Results: In this study, 80% of subjects have drunk alcohol. The mean frequency of drinking alcohol per month was 4.68 times and the mean number of alcohol consumption amount per drinking 6.16 glasses. The rate of smoking was 13.7%, and the mean number smoking cigarette per day in the previous month was 12.4. The mean score of stress was 2.20. Among 8 sub-factors of stress, study related stress scored highest among the sub-factors. The mean score of coping styles was 2.50. Among 4 coping styles, hopeful thought was mostly used. Among stresses, the concern of one's future affected her drinking habits. Faculty relationship, academic problem, and value affected smoking habits. Hopeful thought comes out to affect smoking, while drinking, perceived health status, and practice time showed no relationship with coping style. Conclusion: Based on the results, developing a life stress counseling program and effective coping program for women's university students is imperative, especially for those of who show passive attitude toward stress and solve it emotionally instead of using problem-oriented methods. Also, it will be necessary to study further nursing intervention to curb university females' drinking alcohol and smoking.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4725-4732
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• 2012

Aim: The incidence of stomach cancer in Mizoram is highest in India. We have conducted a population based matched case-control study to identify environmental and genetic risk factors in this geographical area. Methods: A total of 102 histologically confirmed stomach cancer cases and 204 matched healthy population controls were recruited. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined by PCR and H. pylori infections were determined by ELISA. Results: Tobacco-smoking was found to be an important risk factor for high incidence of stomach cancer in Mizoram. Meiziol (local cigarette) smoking was a more important risk factor than other tobacco related habits. Cigarette, tuibur (tobacco smoke infused water) and betel nut consumption synergistically increased the risk of stomach cancer. Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were not found to be directly associated with stomach cancer in Mizoram. However, they appeared to be effect modifiers. Persons habituated with tobacco smoking and/or tuibur habit had increased risk of stomach cancer if they carried the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 non-null genotype. Conclusion: Tobacco smoking, especially meiziol is the important risk factor for stomach cancer in Mizoram. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes modify the effect of tobacco habits. This study is a first step in understanding the epidemiology of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.928-935
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• 2013

This study was designed to investigate the dietary habits, life habits, physical symptoms, and body composition of male and female students attending college in incheon, based on which to encourage proper dietary habits among and enhance the physical and psychological health of college students. The effects of personal characteristics (such as gender, grade level, residence type, means of transportation), health relative life habits (exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption), dietary habits, physical symptoms and body composition measurement were analyzed by using the questionnaire and Inbody. The subject pool was composed of 96 male and 149 female students. Smoking, drinking, exercise, and fruit intake showed significant differences between the genders (p<0.05), whereas meat intake was not significantly different (p>0.05). Differences on dietary habits and the intake of fruit showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the genders. Especially, more female than male students showed a higher frequency of fruit intake. Physical symptoms such as headache, common cold, dizziness, easy fatigue, poor concentration, indigestion and constipation showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the genders, whereas stomatitis, anorexia and pale face were not significantly different (p>0.05). Differences between the genders on body composition, height, weight, BMI, muscle soft lean mass, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass and waist-hip ratio were also significantly different (p<0.05). The correlation analysis of college students by gender was negative between intake of milk and physical symptoms (p<0.01), whereas intake of cooked food and physical symptoms showed a positive correlation (p<0.01, p<0.05).

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2016

본 연구는 평소 피부 건조함으로 인한 소양감을 가지고 있는 30~40대 남성들을 대상으로 식습관, 기호품습관, 샤워습관 등을 조사하고, 이러한 생활습관과 지각하는 피부 건조함과의 관련성을 파악하여 일상의 불편함을 해결하고 건강한 피부 관리 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 조사대상자들은 대부분 건성 피부로 인해 발생된 일상의 불편함 정도가 매우 높게 나타났으나, 피부 가려움과 건조함 개선을 위해 병원 방문 경험을 묻는 문항에는 '아니오'를 응답한 자가 다수를 차지하였다. 규칙적인 식사 여부를 살펴보면 '그렇지 않다'는 80.0%, '하루 식사 횟수를 보면 '2끼'가 42.5%로 높은 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 피부 건조함과의 상관관계 분석 결과 식습관, 기호품습관, 샤워습관의 대부분 항목이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히. 흡연량이나 단맛 선호수준이 높아지면 피부 건조수준도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 식습관 및 흡연은 피부 건강과 관련성이 있음을 알 수 있고, 피부 건강은 겉으로 드러나는 신체적 건강의 지표라는 점에서 기호 식품의 조절과 규칙적인 식습관을 평소에 갖는 것이 아름답고 건강한 피부를 오래 유지 할뿐 아니라 피부 건조함을 해소하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to determine health consciousness and eating habits of dining business owners from Seongnam city. To figure out their health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, health care, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, working hours, dietary behavior pattern, dietary habits, and food intakes patterns. Out of 200 subjects, 104 (52.0%) were males and 96 (48.0%) were females. Their average age was 46.60. For education level, a majority of males graduated from college, whereas a majority of females graduated from high school. Average combined ratios of overweight and obese were 62.5% for males and 25% for females. A majority worked less than 3 years in the dining business area, but 37% of subjects worked more than 10 years. Average health level was favorable, but 38.9% of subjects had hypertension. Males' percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those of females. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was low. Males' average eating speed was faster than that of females and had low scores for desirable eating habits. The study shows that local business owners need to take care of their health.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine health consciousness and eating habits of workers at Deluxe hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do. To determine health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, dietary behavior patterns, dietary habits, and food intake patterns. Out of 228 subjects, 145 (63.6%) were males and 83 (36.4%) were females. Majority of workers (86.9%) graduated from university. A majority (57.0%) worked more than 10 years. Average health condition was 'little tired', whereas 18.4% of subjects were 'always tired'. Male percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those for females. A total of 44.3% of workers ate twice a day. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was slightly low. Male average eating speed was faster than that of females and had lower scores for desirable eating habits. Shift workers ate night meals more than non- shift workers. This study shows that workers at Deluxe hotels need to take better care of their health.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

Objective: This study was an attempt to identify associations between health behavior, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, healthy diet, and physical activity, and psychosocial factors. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted among 1,500 participants aged between 30 and 69 years, selected from a population-based database in October 2009 through multiple-stratified random sampling. Information was collected about the participants' smoking and drinking habits, dietary behavior, level of physical activity, stress, coping strategies, impulsiveness, personality, social support, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, health communication, and sociodemographics. Results: Agreeableness, as a personality trait, was negatively associated with smoking and a healthy diet, while extraversion was positively associated with drinking. The tendency to consume a healthy diet decreased in individuals with perceived higher stress, whereas it increased in individuals who had access to greater social support. Self-efficacy was found to be a strong predictor of all health behaviors. Provider-patient communication and physical environment were important factors in promoting positive healthy behavior, such as consumption of a healthy diet and taking regular exercise. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors influence individuals' smoking and drinking habits, dietary intake, and exercise patterns.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2003

This study examined the effectiveness of two commonly used dietary assessment methods (the 24-hour recall and the food frequency questionnaire) in the epidemiological investigations of health-related habits and degenerative diseases. This cross sectional project in the Seoul area was conducted for the purpose of establishing cohort subjects and collecting reliable nutrient intake data for a further large-scale cross sectional study. The subjects were 91 volunteers from the Seoul area with a mean age of 53.5 \pm 9.6 for the males and 52.2 \pm 8.9 for the females. The subjects had a relatively high educational background, were from high socioeconomic levels, and were greatly concerned about healthrelated life styles. There was a significantly negative correlation between their smoking and their nutrient intake. Their drinking habits, their self-estimated health status and their concern or stress about being healthy did not have any influence on their nutrient intakes. Skipping meals was the most undesirable dietary habit influencing their nutrient intakes, and the next was their irregularity of eating meals. The subjects who liked legumes and fish had higher intakes of iron and niacin and those who liked milk and dairy products had higher intakes of calcium, vitamin \B_2 and fat. The subjects who considered themselves not to be healthy consumed higher amounts of fish and shell-fish, and those who considered themselves to be healthy consumed higher amounts of vegetables. The smokers consumed less fruits than non-smokers, but there was no correlation between their drinking and consumption of the food groups. There was no correlation between their food consumption frequency and their skipping meals or meal irregularity. There were positive correlations between their food likes and food consumption frequency for foods such as meat, milk and dairy products, seaweeds and fruits. Therefore, their smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity appeared to greatly influence their nutrient intakes. Significant correlations were found between their health-related habits and their food group preferences and food frequencies. This implies that simple surveying methods using criteria such as smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity, food group preferences and eating frequencies can be used as useful tools in the assessment of nutritional statuses.