• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2009

Recently, manganese nodule has been focused on alternative resources because of its high grade of noble metallic elements such as Co, Ni, and Cu etc. From the viewpoint of an optimization the operating variables for energy efficiency of smelting reduction process, thermodynamic model for smelting reduction process of Manganese nodule was developed by using energy and material balance concept. This model provided that specific consumption of pure oxygen and coke was strongly depended on post combustion ratio (PCR) and heat transfer efficiency (HTE). The dressing and dehydrating process of low grade manganese can be proposed an essential process to minimize the specific energy consumption with decreasing slag volume. The effect of electricity coal base smelting reduction process was also discussed from the energy optimizing point of view.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.319-324
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• 2001

Recently new practical use way of industry product is required. In this study, to find flowing property of slump, unit weight, the air amount, compressive strength etc. Compressive strength 240, 270kgf/$cm^{2}$, slump 8$\pm$2.5(I), 152$\pm$.5(II)cm, mixing ratio of copper smelting slag decided by 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% gradually, The result of this study was follows ; 1. Unit weight increased 2.2%~4.4% according as mixing ratio of copper smelting slag increases. 2. Slump increased about 2~5% as the mixing ratio increased gradually 3. Compressive strength was increased about 4~28% in copper smelting slag mixing ratio 25~50% and 8~20% decreased more than mixing ratio 75%.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.263-268
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• 2000

Recently, the recycling of the by-products was attempted to various fields. One of the major industry, the copper manufacturing industry produced a lot slags. in this study, the copper smelting slag was used to use practically application for the aggregate of concrete. To find the optimum mixing ratio of mortar with the copper smelting slag as substitution for sand, the mixing ratio was increased 1:2 to 1:5 step by step and every mixture was contained 5 steps sand substitutive ratio. The substitutive ratio of sand was increased 25% st대 by step from 0% to 100%. The result of this study was shown as follows. 1. In the every mixture, as the substitutive ratio was increased, the flow was decrease 3.64% from 18cm, and the unit content weigth was increased 5.5% in average. 2. The property of the strength was judged that it was more affected W/C and mixing ratio than the copper smelting slag.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.822-828
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• 2001

Bayer process는 보오크사이트로부터 수산화알루미늄을 추출시키는 가장 일반적인 방법으로 공정 조건에 따라 수산화알루미늄의 1차 입자경, 입도분포도 및 생산효율 등이 달라지게 된다. 본 실험에서는 앞선 석출실험 결과를 기준으로 화학제품용 및 금속제련용 수산화알루미늄 제조조건을 설정하여 석출제품의 특성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 석출율은 화학제품용 원료 제조조건이 높게 나타났으며 입자크기는 화학제품용은 42∼44${\mu}$m, 금속제련용은 74∼77${\mu}$m로 금속제련용 원료 제조조건이 입자크기가 크게 나타났다. 산용해 실험결과는 화학제품용 원료가 금속제련용 원료보다 용해성이 좋게 나타났으며, 금속제련용 제품의 마모도는 상업용 금속제련용 제품에 비해 다소 떨어지는데 이러한 이유는 타사 제품에 비해 1차입자가 작가 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was aimed at the examination of the lead exposure status of smelting process workers in steelmaking using scrap iron. Methods: The study was conducted from July to September 2012 by means of measurements taken during the smelting process, with 45 minutes set for a one-time smelting work cycle when it comes to personal air sample and area air sample. As such, daily work hours were classified into 360 minutes for measurement. The analysis of lead concentration was conducted using AAs based on the NIOSH 7300 method. Results: In the case of the personal specimens that were subjected to periodical measurement 45 minutes per one session during the smelting process, 40 out of 42 specimens measured were found to contain lead, with an average concentration level of $0.028mg/m^3$ (Max: $0.182mg/m^3$, Min: $0.005mg/m^3$, TWA-more than 50%: 4 out of 6 units). In the case of regional specimens, lead was detected in 45 out of 48 specimens measured, with an average concentration level of $0.037mg/m^3$ (Max: $0.220mg/m^3$, Min: $0.007mg/m^3$ ). In the case of regional specimens subjected to measurement using a day as the work cycle, lead was detected in 15 out of 15 specimens measured, with an average concentration level of $0.049mg/m^3$ (Max: $0.478mg/m^3$, Min: $0.005mg/m^3$ ). Conclusions: It concluded that smelting process workers in steelmaking are exposed to lead because scrap iron is used as a raw material. It is thus necessary to introduce legal management to prevent occupation-related disease in smelting process workers in steelmaking.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2018

최근 고대 제철기술 연구를 위한 복원실험이 활발하게 이루어짐에 따라 세부 기술체계나 조업방식 등에 대한 해석이 가능해지는 등 성과를 이루었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고대 제련-단야기술 복원실험을 위한 적정 온도조건을 확인하여 고대 기술의 복원에 근접하기 위한 적정한 실험 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 복원대상은 고대 중원지역의 출토 사례를 기본으로 하였으며 기존의 연구 자료를 참고하여 최대한 변수를 통제한 실험을 설계하였다. 저온으로 조업한 실험A와 고온으로 조업한 실험B를 실시한 결과 실험A에서 생성된 철은 탄소함량이 적고 단야조업에도 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 슬래그의 미세조직 및 성분조성과 노벽의 침식 등 전반적인 양상도 실험A가 고대 제련기술에 근접한 결과를 보였다. 실험을 통한 고대 제철기술의 복원은 유적에서 나타나는 현상의 복원될 때 이루어질 수 있으므로 고대제련-단야 기술체계의 복원을 위한 실험은 실험A와 같은 저온조업을 중심으로 진행되는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an array sensing detection method for smelting of submerged arc furnaces (SAF) based on electromagnetic radiation. AC magnetic field generated by electrode currents and molten currents in the furnace is reflected outside of the furnace. According to the spatial distribution of electromagnetic field a radiation model of SAF is built. We design a 3D magnetic field sensing array system in order to collect the magnetic field information. Through the collected information, the current distribution characteristics of SAF are described and the key parameters of smelting are obtained. Theoretical simulation and field test show that the curves acquired by the sensing array can accurately reflect the information of the relative displacement when the relative displacement between the array and electrode is 10 cm. Compared with the detection method of 3D single point, the proposed array sensing method of magnetic field obtains better results in terms of real-time and accuracy, and has good practical value for industrial measurement.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 2012

도시광산 재자원화기술의 모듈과 한국의 비철제련 프로세스를 파악하기 위하여 재자원화기술의 전체상과 요소기술, 물리선별, 비철제련 프로세스 및 바람직한 도시광산 처리기술의 단위조작을 밝히고, LS-Nikko동제련(주)과 고려아연(주)의 리싸이클링 프로세스를 탐색하였다. 끝으로 일본의 대표적인 비철제련소인 DOWA Holdings 및 JX Holdings 리싸이클링 프로세스와 한국의 위 두 비철제련소의 리싸이클링 프로세스를 비교검토 하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2022

실리콘은 지각에서 가장 풍부한 금속 원소이다. 금속급 실리콘(MG-Si)은 제강공정의 탈산제, 알루미늄 산업에서 합금 원소, 유기실레인 제조, 태양전지 등의 전자산업에 사용되는 전자급 실리콘 생산 등 산업적으로 널리 응용되는 중요한 금속이다. MG-Si는 전기 아크로에서 석탄, 코크스 또는 목재 칩의 형태인 탄소와 함께 이산화규소를 용융환원하여 만들어진다. MG-Si는 Siemens 공정과 같은 화학 처리를 통해 정제되며, 대부분의 단결정 실리콘은 쵸크랄스키 방식으로 만들고 있다. 이러한 제련 및 정제 방법은 2차 실리콘 자원으로부터 새로운 재활용 공정을 개발하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.590-597
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• 2003

Processing and smelting of copper containing sulphide concentrates result in the accumulation of impurities into various process streams. All primary copper smelters and refineries around the world produce significant amounts of slag, dust, sludge, residues and others, which contain copper and precious metals. The recovery of these valuable metals is essential to the overall economics of the smelting process. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of particular slag and Cottrell dusts from primary smelters and $Dor\'{e}$ furnace (TBRC) slag and Pressure Leached Anode slimes from a copper refinery have been carried out to understand the basic behind the recovery processes. Various process options have been evaluated and adapted for the treatment of slag from different smelting furnaces and Cottrell dusts as well as the intermediate products from copper refineries. Besides the hydro- or pyro-metallurgical treatments, the above mentioned physical separation options such as magnetic, gravity separation, flotation and precipitation flotation processes have been successfully identified and adapted as the possible process options to produce a Cu-rich or precious metal-rich concentrates for in-house recycling and other valued by-product for further treatment. The results of laboratory, pilot plant and production operations are presented, and incorporation of several alternative flowsheet is discussed in this paper.