• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.117-136
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the mediating roles of preschoolers' self-regulation in the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones. Methods: A total of 268 mothers of preschoolers responded to questionnaires on three research variables. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. Results: First, maternal warmth/encouragement was negatively related to preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones, while maternal overprotectiveness/permission and rejection/neglect were positively related to preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones. Second, maternal warmth/encouragement and limit setting were positively linked to preschoolers' self-regulation, but maternal overprotectiveness/permission and rejection/neglect were negatively linked to preschoolers' self-regulation. Third, preschoolers' self-regulation was negatively associated with their excessive immersion in smartphones. Finally, preschoolers' self-regulation fully mediated the relationship between maternal warmth/encouragement and preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones, and preschoolers' self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between maternal overprotectiveness/permission, rejection/neglect and preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that positive maternal parenting behaviors and preschoolers' effective self-regulation are important in order to decrease preschoolers' smartphone overuse. These findings provide empirical evidence to develop programs for prevention and intervention of preschoolers' smartphone addiction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2021

본 연구는 스마트폰 중독과 관련된 다양한 분석을 위한 스마트폰 사용 앱과 관리자 웹을 개발하고자 한다. 연구방법으로 이전 연구에서 중요한 변수로 작용되었던 '화면 켠 횟수', '실사용시간-인지사용시간' 변수를 분석할 있도록 적용하여 스마트폰 사용시간, 사용량, 사용 앱, 화면 잠금을 해제한 횟수 등 다양한 데이터 수집이 가능한 앱을 개발한다. 관리자 웹은 수집된 데이터를 저장, 분석할 수 있는 공간으로 사용할 것이다. 앱에서 수집된 데이터는 서버에 전송한 후, 시각화 분석 기능을 제공하는 관리 프로그램으로 개발하여 스마트폰 중독 연구에 사용한다. 향후 데이터 수집과 사용 목적에 동의한 사용자를 모집하여 데이터를 수집하고 스마트폰 사용 패턴, 데이터마이닝, 중독 등과 관련된 다양한 분석을 할 것이다. 이를 통해 보다 정확하고 효과적인 스마트폰 중독 진단이 가능해질 것과 나아가 스마트폰 중독 치료방안 연구에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.99-122
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• 2016

The social networking services (SNSs) have become popular among smartphone users, and one of the most popular services. In order to explain users' motivations toward SNS, this study considers uses and gratification theory which can explain individuals' motivations to select certain media channels. The purposes of this study is to investigate the relationships between motivations and addiction of SNS, and between addiction of SNS and decline in the subjective wellbeing. We examine moderating effects of social tie based on the social capital theory in the relationships between SNS addiction and decline in the subjective wellbeing. The motivations of SNS are subdivided into emotional motive (entertainment and fantasy) and cognitive motive (information share burden and challenge burden) based on the use and gratifications theory. The addiction of SNS is subdivided into time tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, interruption, and barrier of living. The data used in this study were collected from 286 SNS users through surveys. The data analysis in this study was performed using AMOS 17.0, and we used SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) methods in order to test the research model. The result shows that the emotional motive(entertainment and fantasy) and cognitive motive(information share burden and challenge burden) have an effect on the addiction of SNS. Especially emotional motive such as entertainment and users' fantasy toward SNS is an important factor that can cause SNS addiction. The addiction of SNS such as time tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, interruption, and barrier of living has an effect on the decline in the subjective wellbeing. Our result show that social tie partially moderates the relationship SNS addiction and decline in the subjective wellbeing. In addition, social tie between interruption of SNS and decline in the subjective wellbeing is an important moderating factor. The results focuses on the understanding toward relationship between SNS addiction based on the online and decline in the subjective wellbeing in the real world. The findings of this study also provides theoretical as well as practical implications which reflect the major features of SNS, and moderating effects of social tie based on the social capital.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.349-350
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 부모애착, 대인관계, 정신건강과 스마트폰 중독 간의 관계를 알아보고, 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. H대학의 학생 293명을 대상으로 2016년 2월 4일부터 일주일간 편의추출하였다. 주요 변수들과의 상관관계에서는 부모애착와 대인관계, 정신건강과 스마트폰 중독과는 양의 상관관계를 가지는 반면, 부모애착과 정신건강, 부모애착과 스마트폰 중독은 음의 상관관계를 가진다. 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치는 스마트폰 사용시간, 정신건강, SNS 사용시간, 부모애착 순으로 나타났으며, 이들 변수의 설명력은 13.0%이었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.369-371
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• 2014

스마트폰의 출현이후 스마트폰 보급률이 급격하게 증가하여 2013년 7월, 3,600만 명의 이용자를 넘어섰다. 보급률이 증가하면서 어린이들의 스마트폰 사용이 증가하고, 스마트폰 중독이 심각한 문제가 되고 있다. 기존 연구로 나온 앱들은 스마트폰 사용 시간을 제한하여 스마트폰 중독을 예방하고 있다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 이러한 시간을 제어하는 것에 문제를 풀어 제한을 풀어주는 것을 추가하여 학습을 유도하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이 방법으로 어린이들의 스마트폰 게임 중독 예방과 학습유도를 통해 생활에 지장을 주는 것이 줄어 들 것으로 예상된다.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-47
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• 2017

Smart devices have a variety of affordances to foster meaningful learning in elementary school. For the design of smart learning environments, more research is needed to understand students' smart device usage and their perception of learning with smart devices. In order to capture smart device usage profiles among elementary school students in South Korea, this study carried out Latent Profile Analysis with three constructs: information search, communication, and study. Participants (n=253), who ranged from the fourth to the sixth grade students, were classified into three profiles of smart device usage: low-activity, communication, and high-activity groups. The smart device usage profiles varied depending on smartphone usage experience, and the profiles were significantly related with smart device addiction, not with smart device usage ability. Perceptions of smart education were also significantly associated with the profiles. The high-activity group showed more positive attitudes toward smart education than the others, but no significant difference was found in regard to negative attitudes. Based on the findings, this study discussed implications for the use of smart devices in elementary school.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2013

This thesis revolves around dual sensory therapy techniques using perception arts group counseling program focused on Popcorn Brain phenomenon. The program emphasizes intrinsic motivations for changes by activating the brain's dual sensory such as a sense of smell, tactile sensation and vision to deal with brain issues caused by digital devices addiction. Perception arts group counseling program is based on voluntary satisfaction of relationship desires, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and belonging. Expression methods using dual sensory were presented as an alternative to resolving digital devices addiction by blending cognitive-behavioral counseling technique and group art therapy technique. The blending method offers an environment that can maintain a change to a senseless and lackluster brian due to excessive uses of digital devices, the main cause of Popcorn Brain, by emphasizing "thoughts${\rightarrow}$emotions${\rightarrow}$behavior" with a structural expression approach. If perception arts group counseling program is established in more systematic fashion and used strategically to offer such environment, it may be used as a treatment for brain issues described above. In addition, the program can be used a basis for encouraging voluntary treatment to satisfy relationship desires.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.333-339
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• 2014

In the late 2000's, a smart phone caused by the digital revolution has led to abrupt changes from our life. The internet of thing (IoT), which is considered as a next digital revolution, will be scrutinized in this paper. Students, who use smart phones in Silla University, were selected for the sample-frame. Approximately 78% students replied with a positive response to the digital revolution admit the new era with the intellectual curiosity and challenge. On the other hand, about 48% students showed uneasy response to the new civilization due to the lack of privacy and security issues of IoT; furthermore, friendship was their apprehension. This paper will provide potentially useful insights and directions for examining factors that affect different manners toward the next digital revolution.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2021

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU. Methods: A total of 87 Korean adolescents participated in this study. The PSU group (n=20, age=16.2±1.1, female:male=12:8) was designated if participants reported a total Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) score of ≥42, whereas the remaining participants were assigned to the control group (n=67, age=15.3±1.7, female:male=19:48). High-resolution T1 magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the volume of each of the four brainstem substructures [midbrain, pons, medulla, and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)] was measured. Analysis of covariance was conducted to reveal group differences after adjusting for effects of age, gender, whole brainstem volume, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity. Results: The PSU group showed a significantly smaller volume of the SCP than the control group (F=8.273, p=0.005). The volume of the SCP and the SAPS score were negatively correlated (Pearson's r=-0.218, p=0.047). Conclusion: The present study is the first to reveal an altered volume of the brainstem substructure among adolescents with PSU. This finding suggests that the altered white matter structure in the brainstem could be one of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral changes in PSU.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2018

Purpose: Koreans' internet and smartphone usage hours are steadily increasing and the dependence of young people on smartphones is causing social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine health and dietary habits, as well as hair mineral contents according to the level of dependence of smartphone use among adolescents to clarify the interrelation of smartphone dependence, lifestyle, dietary behavior, and mineral nutrition status. Methods: A total of 80 smartphone-addicted adolescents participated in this study and were divided into three groups (general, potential and danger group) according to smartphone dependence. The subjects' lifestyles and dietary behaviors were then surveyed, and hair mineral contents were analyzed. Results: Higher smartphone dependence was associated with lower average weekly sleeping time and later first smoking age. In the danger group, the rate of eating fast and the rate of snacking twice a day was also relatively high. Parents (45.0%) and mobile (30.0%) were the factors having the greatest influence on an individual's dietary behavior. In the hair mineral analysis, all subjects had lower selenium concentrations and higher lead concentrations than normal. In addition, the levels of aluminum in the danger group were higher than in the normal range and the highest among the three groups. Conclusions: It is necessary to guide adolescents to use smartphones correctly and manage dietary habits. In addition, careful attention is needed the mineral nutritional status of smartphone-addicted adolescents.