• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.3003-3029
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• 2023

The rapid evolution of the IoT has paved the way for new opportunities in smart city domains, including e-health, smart homes, and precision agriculture. However, this proliferation of services demands effective SLAs between customers and service providers, especially for critical services. Difficulties arise in maintaining the integrity of such agreements, especially in vulnerable wireless environments. This study proposes a novel SLA management model that uses an SDN-Enabled WSN consisting of wireless nodes to interact with smart contracts in a straightforward manner. The proposed model ensures the persistence of network metrics and SLA provisions through smart contracts, eliminating the need for intermediaries to audit payment and compensation procedures. The reliability and verifiability of the data prevents doubts from the contracting parties. To meet the high-performance requirements of the blockchain in the proposed model, low-cost algorithms have been developed for implementing blockchain technology in wireless sensor networks with low-energy and low-capacity nodes. Furthermore, a cryptographic signature control code is generated by wireless nodes using the in-memory private key and the dynamic random key from the smart contract at runtime to prevent tampering with data transmitted over the network. This control code enables the verification of end-to-end data signatures. The efficient generation of dynamic keys at runtime is ensured by the flexible and high-performance infrastructure of the SDN architecture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.943-949
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• 2011

Smart scope, such as smart equipments, smart homes, and smart phones, has been appeared lately being developed. Such technology developments have been close and practical to our daily lives, not regulated in a science fiction and a movie. It is just the peak of a smart term period. However, with the result from imprudent application of the term 'smart' in the various fields in a short term, the concept of the term 'Smart City' has been nebulous. Therefore, this study is intended to design the obvious concept of Smart City and figure out the political improvement how it will make the direction in the future. That is to study the Smart City which applies the term smart in its city and space, and to examine the improvement directions. After studying the application of the term 'smart', we determine this word has intelligent and high-tech concepts and is used variously in the diverse fields. But we conclude that the term Smart City in these fields is defined differently. From these perspectives, the term is not a simple creature consists of 'smart' and 'city.' It is to be designed as the meanings of making the cities smart.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1196-1213
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• 2020

There is a growing interest in the development of smart environments through predicting the behaviors of inhabitants of smart spaces in the recent past. Various smart services are deployed in modern smart cities to facilitate residents and city administration. Prediction algorithms are broadly used in the smart fields in order to well equip the smart services for the future demands. Hence, an accurate prediction technology plays a vital role in the smart services. In this paper, we take out an extensive survey of smart spaces such as smart homes, smart farms and smart cars and smart applications such as smart health and smart energy. Our extensive survey is based on more than 400 articles and the final list of research studies included in this survey consist of 134 research papers selected using Google Scholar database for period of 2008 to 2018. In this survey, we highlight the role of prediction algorithms in each sub-domain of smart Internet of Things (IoT) environments. We also discuss the main algorithms which play pivotal role in a particular IoT subfield and effectiveness of these algorithms. The conducted survey provides an efficient way to analyze and have a quick understanding of state of the art work in the targeted domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first survey paper on main categories of prediction algorithms covering statistical, heuristic and hybrid approaches for smart environments.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

The use of Internet of Things(IoT) in smart cities and smart homes is essential. The security of the sensor nodes, which are the core of the IoT, is weak and hacking attacks are severe enough to have a fatal impact on real life. This research is conducted to improve the security of the Internet of Things by developing a lightweight secure communication protocol for the Internet of Things, and to build a safe Internet of Things environment suitable for the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. It contributes to building a safe and convenient smart city and smart home by proposing key management and identifier development to increase the confidentiality of communication and the establishment of an Internet authentication system.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.267-276
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• 2016

Human detection technologies are widely used in smart homes and autonomous vehicles. However, in order to detect human, autonomous vehicle researchers have used a high-resolution LIDAR and smart home researchers have applied a camera with a narrow detection range. In this paper, we propose a novel method using a low-cost and low-resolution LIDAR that can detect human fast and precisely without complex learning algorithm and additional devices. In other words, human can be distinguished from objects by using a new human characteristics function which is empirically extracted from the characteristics of a human. In addition, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through a number of experiments.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2011

The concept of Smart-Homes is becoming more and more popular. It is anticipated that Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology will play a major role in such environments. We can find many previously proposed schemes that focus solely on: authentication between the RFID tags and readers, and user privacy protection from malicious readers. There has also been much talk of a very popular RFID application: a refrigerator/bookshelf that can scan and list out the details of its items on its display screen. Realizing such an application is not as straight forward as it seems to be, especially in securely deploying such RFID-based applications in a smart home environment. Therefore this paper describes some of the RFID-based applications that are applicable to smart home environments. We then identify their related privacy and security threats and security requirements and also propose a secure approach, where RFID-tagged consumer items, RFID-reader enabled appliances (e.g., refrigerators), and RFID-based applications would securely interact among one another. At the moment our approach is just a conceptual idea, but it sheds light on very important security issues related to RFID-based applications that are beneficial for consumers.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.975-990
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• 2020

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) network, is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous connectivity between different advanced applications such as smart cities, smart homes, smart grids, and many others. The emerging network of smart devices and objects enables people to make smart decisions through machine to machine (M2M) communication. Most real-world security and IoT-related challenges are vulnerable to various attacks that pose numerous security and privacy challenges. Therefore, IoT offers efficient and effective solutions. intrusion detection system (IDS) is a solution to address security and privacy challenges with detecting different IoT attacks. To develop an attack detection and a stable network, this paper's main objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing intrusion detections system for IoT environment, cyber-security threats challenges, and transparent problems and concerns are analyzed and discussed. In this paper, we propose software-defined IDS based distributed cloud architecture, that provides a secure IoT environment. Experimental evaluation of proposed architecture shows that it has better detection and accuracy than traditional methods.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2022

The tremendous growth of the Internet of things is unbelievable. Many IoT devices have emerged on the market over the last decade. This has made our everyday life easier inside our homes. The technology used at home has changed significantly over the past several decades, leading to what is known today as the smart home. However, this growth has also brought new challenges to our home security and privacy. With the smart home becoming more mainstream, cybersecurity issues have become a fundamental concern. The smart home is an environment where heterogeneous devices and appliances are interconnected through the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide smart services to residents. These services include home climate control, energy management, video on demand, music on-demand, remote healthcare, remote control, and other similar services in a ubiquitous manner. Smart home devices can be controlled via the Internet using smartphones. However, connecting smart home appliances to wireless networks and the Internet makes individuals vulnerable to malicious attacks. Remote access within the same environment or over the Internet requires an effective access control mechanism. This paper intends to shed light on how smart home devices are working as well as the type of security and privacy threats of the smart home. It also illustrated the types of authentication methods that can be used with smart home devices. In addition, a comparison of Smart home IoT-based security protocols was presented along with a security countermeasure that can be used in a smart home environment. Finally, a few open problems were mentioned as future research directions for researchers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.111-125
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• 2010

There is a growing interest in "smart grid" technology, especially after the government recently announced "low-carbon green-growth industry" project. A smart grid uses "smart meters", which can be deployed in any power-consuming places like homes and factories. It has been shown that smart meters have several security weaknesses. There is, however, no protection profile available for smart meters, which means that safety with using them is not guaranteed at all. This paper analyzes vulnerabilities of smart meters and the relevant attack methods, thereby deriving the security functions and requirements for smart meters. Finally, we propose a protection profile based on Common Criterion v3.l for smart meters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.436-438
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• 2003

상황인식은 사용자에 적응된 컴퓨팅 환경 및 서비스를 가능하게 한다. 상황인식이 추가된 홈 환경은 인간의 주거생활의 편리성을 향상시킨다. 상황인식을 지원하는 스마트 홈 환경은 상황데이터의 수집, 가공, 처리, 저장등의 기본적인 요구 뿐만 아니라 보안. 상황추론, 능동결정 등 복잡한 요구사항을 가진다. 그러므로, 홈 환경이 이러한 요구사항들을 지원하기 위해서는 특별한 미들웨어 구조가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 홈 환경에서 상황인식 서비스를 지원하기 위한 능동 미들웨어 구조를 제안한다. 그리고 제안된 미들웨어를 적용한 시나리오를 설명한다.