• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.91-107
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• 2023

Lean startup is a concept that combines the words "lean," meaning an efficient way of running a business, and "startup," meaning a new business. It is often cited as a strategy for minimizing failure in early-stage businesses, especially in software-based startups. By scrutinizing the case of a startup L, this study suggests that lean startup methodology(LSM) can be useful for hardware and manufacturing companies and identifies ways for early startups to successfully implement LSM. To this end, the study explained the core of LSM including the concepts of hypothesis-driven approach, BML feedback loop, minimum viable product(MVP), and pivot. Five criteria to evaluate the successful implementation of LSM were derived from the core concepts and applied to evaluate the case of startup L . The early startup L pivoted its main business model from defecation alert system for patients with limited mobility to one for infants or toddlers, and finally to a smart bottle for infants. In developing the former two products, analyzed from LSM's perspective, company L neither established a specific customer value proposition for its startup idea and nor verified it through MVP experiment, thus failed to create a BML feedback loop. However, through two rounds of pivots, startup L discovered new target customers and customer needs, and was able to establish a successful business model by repeatedly experimenting with MVPs with minimal effort and time. In other words, Company L's case shows that it is essential to go through the customer-market validation stage at the beginning of the business, and that it should be done through an MVP method that does not waste the startup's time and resources. It also shows that it is necessary to abandon and pivot a product or service that customers do not want, even if it is technically superior and functionally complete. Lastly, the study proves that the lean startup methodology is not limited to the software industry, but can also be applied to technology-based hardware industry. The findings of this study can be used as guidelines and methodologies for early-stage companies to minimize failures and to accelerate the process of establishing a business model, scaling up, and going global.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

With the rapid expansion of smart-phone based brand app and its marketing implementations, the marketers stake much resources in the success of brand apps so that they are able to reinforce the user satisfaction and intention for repeat use. The purpose of this paper is to understand the characteristics underlying the brand applications and to analyze the usage and attitudes of the users. Self-administered survey on the research variables for respondents of 20-49 age group was conducted and the results as follow. The results are as follows the consumers are more satisfied with its usefulness, entertainment, and design attributes of the brand app. They tend to keep using a brand app that contains useful contents and great entertainment elements. Marketers thus need to reflect those elements when developing and distributing a brand app in order to meet the needs of their customers. The study results would help marketing firms find new competitive edges by providing basic insight for new competition strategies for brand app development.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Recently, the Korea Highway Company is replacing their prepaid plastic cards with a smart card, called $Hipass^{PLUS}$ Card. In order to use $Hipass^{PLUS}$Card in the prepaid payment system, LSAM, which is to store the value into $Hipass^{PLUS}$ Card is needed. LSAM is also responsible to store or retrieve the value from PPSAM. For the safety of Korea Highway electronic payment system, the functionality and security of LSAM should be faultless. This paper developed a test module including the test method, the test checklist, and the test procedure. The test module examines the functionality and security of loading the value from PPSAM to LSAM, retrieving the value from LSAM to PPSAM, and loading the value from LSAM to $Hipass^{PLUS}$ Card. The test module contains the method and the procedure to test the standard items by the test checklists. The test items and test checklists of LSAM was selected under the provision of the specification of Korea Highway Company and ISO standard. The test module evaluates the functionality, the security and the compatibility of LSAM. After the evaluation test of LSAM using the test module, LSAM satisfied the characteristics of the functionality, security, and compatibility.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-98
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• 2016

The sharing economy has been evaluated as a sustainable system dominating the next 10 years and one of the 10 ideas which can change the world. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether there is any relevance between the sharing economy and libraries, if the library can be the core model of the sharing economy, and to propose how libraries could contribute to a sharing economy. To this end, literature related to the sharing economy and the actual cases of its implementation were analyzed. The results are as follows: First, the library was evaluated as a successful model of the sharing economy because it has shared information and tools for centuries. Therefore, it was concluded that the library could be an institution that can lead to a sharing economy. Second, it was analyzed that the library could foster the sharing economy through offering its space, and functioning as the infinite imagination room and smart work center, sharing goods through Little Free Libraries, as well as various other resources of library, and sharing various types of knowledge including reference services. Third, it can be said that the possibility of realizing a shared economy in libraries is inexhaustible, and librarians can play an active role and will positively influence the success or failure in terms of realizing the sharing economy. In the future, there needs to be a study to measure the practices and the performance of the sharing economy of libraries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.2511-2519
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• 2015

In maritime logistics, the technology for transmitting status information has been greatly developed, but it has not been available in general logistics environment or it is impossible to support two-way communication as it simply receives and transfers a container's information. In particular, to support two-way communication in all sections of the global maritime logistics, the address value, which can identify the tag, should be managed. In this context, to improve the 433 MHz-based RFID, the project called "DASH 7" has been conducted in recent years. However, it has stopped proceeding because of its slow progress, including the standardization and development of references. In this paper, we introduced an active IP-RFID system configuration for real-time communication in global maritime logistics using a two-way communication-which is characteristic of an IP-applying virtual address values in the RFID tag, and proposing its process and function. When you apply the IP-RFID system proposed in this paper, not only real-time status tracking in the maritime logistics area is possible, but it is also applicable for controlling the tag.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2003

As the change of information and digital technology progresses, ubiquitous space is attracting attention as a new space concept in which the physical and digital spaces are connected to each other. As its meaning in latin itself - 'there exist everywhere at the same time'- implies, however, the ubiquitous space has been mostly discussed in a non-physical aspect, such as in a technological area, rather than its physical intrinsic property until now. Although theories regarding a ubiquitous city have been rarity suggested, in most cases, technological aspects such as the systemization or networking of individual information service have been the focus. However, one of the intentions induced in the concept that scholars including Mark weiser and Sakamura Ken introduced was to place humans in the center of the space in which the technology has been placed instead of humans. For this purpose, the renovation of human interface must be required. As technology develops, the achievement of ubiquitous space may be possible, and efforts to apply this to real space are making an appearance. The examples of the present research are the spaces that have a characteristic of the laboratory separated from life in the city, and the construct scale is in the level of an individual facility; therefore, further studies should functionally and spaciously connect all subjects existing in space and effectively relate this to real world. The present research is intended to demonstrate the investigation on several projects that are currently underway and the developmental direction of new, ubiquitous space.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

A colorimetric paper sensor was used to detect volatile nitrogen-containing compounds emitted from spoiled salmon filets to determine their freshness. The sensing mechanism was based on acid-base reactions between acidic pH-indicating dyes and basic volatile ammonia and amines. A sensing layer was simply fabricated by drop-casting a dye solution of bromocresol green (BCG) on a polyvinylidene fluoride substrate, and its color-change response was enhanced by optimizing the amounts of additive chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and graphene oxide in the dye solution. To avoid the adverse effects of water vapor, both faces of the sensing layer were enclosed by using a polyethylene terephthalate film and a gas-permeable microporous polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, respectively. When exposed to basic gas analytes, the paper-like sensor distinctly exhibited a color change from initially yellow, then to green, and finally to blue due to the deprotonation of BCG via the Brønsted acid-base reaction. The use of ammonia analyte as a test gas confirmed that the sensing performance of the optimized sensor was reversible and excellent (detection time of < 15 min, sensitive naked-eye detection at 0.25 ppm, good selectivity to common volatile organic gases, and good stability against thermal stress). Finally, the coloration intensity of the sensor was quantified as a function of the storage time of the salmon filet at 28℃ to evaluate its usefulness in monitoring of the food freshness with the measurement of the total viable count (TVC) of microorganisms in the food. The TVC value increased from 3.2 × 10⁵ to 3.1 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 28 h and then became stable, whereas the sensor response abruptly changed in the first 8 h and slightly increased thereafter. This result suggests that the colorimetric response could be used as an indicator for evaluating the degree of decay of salmon induced by microorganisms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.393-406
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• 2019

In August 2017, anthracnose symptoms were observed on the petioles and leaf veins of Korean radish (Rhaphanus sativus) in Hongcheon, Jeongseon, and Pyeongchang of the Gangwon province, Korea. Many grayish to dark-brown spots of 1-2 mm in diameter, appeared on the lower surface and leaf veins of the radish leaves. The spots gradually enlarged and coalesced to form dark-brown irregular lesions. Ten Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from the affected tissues of the Korean radish. Out of them, eight isolates were identified as C. higginsianum and two isolates were identified as C. truncatum based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacers and intervening 5.8S rDNA (ITS), partial beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), partial actin gene (ACT), and partial chitin synthase-1 gene (CHS1). The pathogenicity test was carried out on wounded and unwounded Korean radish (cv. Siraegimu and Osarimu), and Chinese cabbage (cv. Chuno and Smart) by inoculating with a spore suspension. All isolates except one C. truncatum isolate developed typical symptoms on both wounded and unwounded Korean radish. In Chinese cabbage, only the plants inoculated with C. higginsianum isolates developed symptoms regardless of the wound. This is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. truncatum on Korean radish in Korea.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This paper deals with the transmission interval of vehicle data in smart highway where WAVE (Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments) systems have been installed for advanced road infrastructure. The vehicle data could be collected at every second, which is containing location information of the vehicle as well the vehicle speed, RPM, fuel consuming and safety data. The safety data such as DTC code, can be collected through OBD-II. These vehicle data can be used for valuable contents for processing and providing traffic information. In this paper, we propose a model to decide the collection interval of vehicle information in real time environment. This model can change the transmission interval along with special and time-variant traffic condition based on the 32 scenarios using microscopic traffic simulator, VISSIM. We have reviewed the transmission interval, communication transmission quantity and communication interval, tried to confirm about communication possibility and BPS, etc for each scenario. As results, in 2-lane from 1km highway segment, most appropriate transmission interval is 2 times over spatial basic segment considering to communication specification. In the future, if a variety of wireless technologies on the road is introduced, this paper considering not only traffic condition but also wireless network specification will be utilized the high value.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Seoul's transportation system was changed drastically starting the first of June in two thousand. This policy includes integrated distance-based fare system and public transportation card system called smart card. Especially, as public transportation card data contains individual travel, transfer and using modes information it is possible to catch the characteristics of path-based individuals and mass transit. Thus, public transportation card data can contribute to evaluate the mass transit service in integrated public transportation networks. In addition, public transportation card data are able to help to convert previous researches and analyses with link-based trip assignment models to path-based mass transit service analysis. In this study, an algorithm being suitable for path-based trip assignment models is suggested and proposed algorithm can also contribute to make full use of public transportation card data. For this, column generation algorithm hewn to draw the stable solution is adopted. This paper uses the methodology that is to take local approximate equilibrium from partial network and expand local approximate equilibrium to global equilibrium.