• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2003

We report the formation of inner cladding modes in the optical fiber having an inner cladding structure. The inner cladding layer located between the core- and the cladding- layers of a conventional fiber might have, so called, inner cladding mode(s). The brief history of the inner cladding fiber and the spectral properties of the inner cladding mode are presented. By utilizing fiber gratings, the spectral properties of the inner cladding mode formed in Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) are discussed. It was observed that one resonant peak of a long-period fiber grating was not sensitive to the variation on the cladding surface. With a fiber Bragg grating, a small group of unusual resonant Peaks was observed between the main Bragg Peak and the series of usual Peaks resulted from the mode coupling to counter-propagating cladding modes. Within the DCF by using fiber gratings, it is noted, at least one mode can be coupled to the inner cladding mode and a few outer cladding modes are severely affected by the inner cladding of the fiber.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.5A
• /
• pp.554-565
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we implement single cycle and multi cycle adders. We can compare area and time by using the implemented adders. The size of adders is 64, 128, 256-bits. The architecture of hybrid adders is that the carry-out of small adder groups can be interconnected by utilizing n carry propagate unit. The size of small adder groups is selected in three formats - 4, 8, 16-bits. These adders were implemented with Verilog HDL with top-down methodology, and they were verified by behavioral model. The verified models were synthesized with a Samsung 0,35(um), 3.3(V) CMOS standard cell library while a using Synopsys Design Compiler. All adders were synthesized with group or ungroup. The optimized adder for a Crypto-processor included Smart Card IC is that a 64-bit RCA based on 16-bit CLA. All small adder groups in this optimized adder were synthesized with group. This adder can operate at a clock speed of 198 MHz and has about 961 gates. All adders can execute operations in this won case conditions of 2.7 V, 85 $^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.231-255
• /
• 2012

This study examined the communication and conflict between ship prganization and ship management team. Those are measured and analyzed about both groups, and then the relationships would be investigated objectively and synthetically. Especially, this relationships are enlightened by measuring the level and gap of the communication and group conflict between ship organization and ship management team. The effect of that conflict is analyzed on the organization commitment and job satisfaction of ship organizations. As a result, this study demonstrates the communications have a negative influence on group conflict with statistic significance, also the conflicts effect negatively on the organization commitment and job satisfaction. In the analysis of gaps about the communication and conflict between groups, the level of group conflict is lowest in the group whose gap of communication is small and both communications are activated, and the organization commitment and job satisfaction are highest in the group whose gap of group conflicts is small and both level of the conflicts are low. To conclude, the ship organization and ship management teams in the shipping company have to lessen their conflict each other and heighten the organization commitment and job satisfaction through their smooth communication.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.12C no.2 s.98
• /
• pp.267-280
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we implement and verify XMIP integrating IETF Mobile IP and the Explicit Multicast mechanism for a great number of small group multicast communications. U a source node sends Xcast packets explicitly inserting destination nodes into the headers, each Xcast router decides routes and forwards the packets toward each destination node based on unicast routing table without the support of multicast trees. n is a straightforward and simple multicast mechanism just based on a unicast routing table without maintaining multicast states because of the inheritance from the Explicit Multicast mechanism. This research modifies and extends the functionality of IETF Mobile IP's mobility agents, such as HA/FA to HA+/FA+ respectively, considering interworking with Xcast networks. Xcast packets captured by HA+ are forwarded into X-in-X tunnel interfaces for each FA+ referred to the binding table of HA.. This X-in-X tunneling mechanism can effectively solve the traffic concentration problem of IETF Mobile IP multicast services. Finally WLAN-based testbed is built and a multi-user Instant messenger system is developed as a Xcast application for finally verify the feasibility of the implemented XMIP/Xcast protocols.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.9C no.3
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we propose a new distribution and renewal scheme for a group key suitable for secure mobile communications based on identification protocol, in which all members of the group can reshare the new group common key except revoked members by using a key distribution center (a trusted center). The security of this scheme is based on the difficulty of the discrete logarithm problem. The proposed scheme can be appropriately managed in case that terminal's capability of storage and computing power is relatively small and more than one caller are revoked. It also renews a group key easily when the center changes this key intervally for security.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.195-219
• /
• 2006

This study was proposed to analyze mathematical communication activity and mathematical attitudes while students were solving project problem and to consider how the conclusions effects mathematics education. This study analyzed through qualitative research method. The questions for this study are following, First, how does the process of the mathematical communication activity proceed during solving project problem in a small group? Second, what reactions can be shown on mathematical attitudes during solving project problem in a small group? Four project problems sampled from pilot study in order to examine these questions were applied on two small groups consisting of four 5th grade students. It was recorded while each group was finding out the solution of the given problems. Afterward, consequences were analyzed according to each question after all contents were noted. Consequently, conclusions can be derived as follows. First, it was shown that each student used different elements of contents in mathematical communication activity. Second, during mathematical communication activity, most students preferred common languages to mathematical ones. Third, it was found that each student has their own mathematical attitude. Fourth, Students were more interested in the game project problem and the practical using project problem than others.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.43-66
• /
• 2006

This study was proposed to analyze mathematical communication activity and mathematical attitudes while students were solving project problem and to consider how the conclusions effects mathematics education. This study analyzed through qualitative research method. The questions for this study are following. First, how does the process of the mathematical communication activity proceed during solving project problem in a small group? Second, what reactions can be shown on mathematical attitudes during solving project problem in a small group? Four project problems sampled from pilot study in order to examine these questions were applied on two small groups consisting of four 5th grade students It was recorded while each group was finding out the solution of the given problems. Afterward, consequences were analyzed according to each question after all contents were noted. Consequently, conclusions can be derived as follows. First, it was shown that each student used different elements of contents in mathematical communication activity. Second, during mathematical communication activity, most students preferred common languages to mathematical ones. Third, it was found that each student has their own mathematical attitude. Fourth, Students were more interested in the game project problem and the practical using project problem than others.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2008

This paper is to study a subclass of group-oriented cryptographic scheme: Many-to-one encryption and authentication scheme. The many-to-one encryption and authentication scheme is to solve a practical problem, i.e., the scenario that the number of the receivers is very small compared with the number of the senders and a receiver may serve millions of senders. Compared with the traditional methods, the burdens of the receiver and the KGC are reduced greatly. How to revoke a sender from his receiver's legitimate sender group is also proposed and it is efficient compared with some traditional methods. The proposed scheme is proven in the random oracle models. The computational complexity of our scheme is independent of the number of the senders. At the end of the paper, an example is given to show how to use our scheme in online software registration and update.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2002

The unique colors of paper, that is, blue, green, red, and yellow were used in the estimation of color from the subjective feeling. The monochrome with unique color or the unique color surrounded with the background color was presented. subject gazed the monochrome or the unique color, which was tailed target rotor. The target and background color were the complementary color each other. The various ratios of the area of gazed color and background were taken. Subject answered the level of subjective feeling consisted of pair of adjective items for unique color presented. With the use of the subjective feeling for the target color presented, the estimation of the unique color was cai\ulcornerlied out due to Fuzzy theory and neural networks. The results of color difference between unique color presented and the estimated color gave very small value for the case without background, while the results of the case with background color depended on the ratio of area of presented color and background color till the ration of 2:1, The relation showed the Kirschman's law, The color difference saturated In the increase of area of background with the ratio more than 2:1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2002

The unique colors of paper, that is, blue, green, red, and yellow were used in the estimation of color from the subjective feeling. The monochrome with unique color or the unique color surrounded with the background color was presented. Subject gazed the monochrome or the unique color, which was called target color. The target and background color were the complementary color each other. The various ratios of the area of gazed color and background were taken. Subject answered the level of subjective feeling consisted of pair of adjective items for unique color presented. With the use of the subjective feeling fer the target color presented, the estimation of the unique color was carried out due to Fuzzy theory and neural networks. The results of color difference between unique color presented and the estimated color gave very small value for the case without background, while the results of the case with background color depended on the ratio of area of presented color and background color till the ration of 2:1, The relation showed the Kirschman's law. The color difference saturated in the increase of area of background with the ratio more than 2:1.