• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T$_1$,T$_2$and T$_3$, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T$_3$group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T$_2$and T$_3$ groups than that of T$_1$group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T$_3$group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T$_3$group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T$_3$group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.575-578
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• 2017

Aspidogastrid trematodes (Subclass Aspidogastrea) are a relatively small group with a characteristic adhesive disc and parasitize in a variety of cold-blooded hosts. Until now, only 2 species in the genus Cotylaspis, i.e., C. coreensis and C. sinensis, have been reported as the aspidogastrid trematode in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). In the present study, we intended to describe a species of aspidogastrids collected from the small intestine of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in a faunistic point of view. Total 51 specimens were collected from a carp caught in Nakdong-gang (River) on May 2015. Some of them were prepared as the specimens for light microscopic observations, and some others were prepared for SEM. They were slightly elongated without head lobes, $2,432{\times}840{\mu}m$ in average size, and had characteristic adhesive discs with 4 rows and 46 alveoli in average. The ovary was reniform and was located in the posterior-upper part of the body. The single testis was larger than the ovary and was located below the ovary. The uterus was coiled containing numerous eggs and distributed in the posterior 2/3 of the body. The vitellaria were follicular, and distributed from the mid-level of testis to near the posterior end. The morphological characters with dimensions of our specimens were closely identical with those of Aspidogaster ijimai previously described. A new aspidogastrid is added among the Korean trematode fauna by the present study.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.245-258
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• 2006

We investigated seasonal variations of the upper ocean temperature and the mixed layer depth (MLD) in an eddy-permitting global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to assess the OGCM perfermance. The OGCM is based on the GFDL MOM3 which has a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degree and 30 vertical levels. The OGCM was integrated for 68 years using a monthly-mean climatological wind stress forcing. The model sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity were restored to the Levitus climatology with a time scale of 30 days. Annual-mean model SST shows a cold bias $(<\;-2^{\circ}C)$ in the summer hemisphere and a warm bias $(>\;1^{\circ}C)$ in the winter hemisphere mainly due to the restoring boundary condition of temperature. The model MLD captures well the observed features in most areas, with a slightly deep bias. However, in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea, the model shows significantly deeper MLD than the climatology-mainly due to weak salinity stratifications in the model. For amplitude of seasonal variation, the model SST is smaller $(1{\sim}3^{\circ}C)$ than the observation largely due to the restoring surface boundary condition while the model MLD has larger seasonal variation $({\sim}50m)$. It is suggested that for more realistic simulation of the upper ocean structure in the present eddy-permitting ocean model, more refinements in the surface boundary condition for the thermohaline forcing and parameterization for vertical mixing are required, together with the incorporation of a sea-ice model.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.487-497
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• 1990

This study was carried out to observe in vitro effect of praziquantel on the tegumental changes of Heterophyopsis continua with scanning electron microscope. Metacercariae were collected from the perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, by artificial digestion technique and fed to 2-week old chickens. Adult worms were recovered from small intestine of chickens 8 days after infection. For working solutions, praziquantel was diluted with TC199 medium at concentration of 0.01, 0.1. 1 and $10{\mu}g/ml$. To each petri dish containing 10ml of solution, 5~10 worms were introduced and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. For the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the worms were fixed in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in a series of graded ethanol and freeze-dried. Dried specimen was mounted on stub and coated with gold and observed in an SEM. The results were as follows: 1. Severe tegumental alterations were recognized by scanning electron microscope. Bleb formation of tegument was observed in 5 minute group and most pronounced on anterior tegument of worms. The number and size of blebs increased as incubation time prolonged. 2. The surface destruction was more pronounced at ventral margin between the oral and the ventral suckers. 3. The sensory papillae were slightly affected, but destruction of tegumental spine was not recognized. 4. The effect of praziquantel on the worm was found dependent on the concentration and incubation time, however, the effect was more dependent upon the incubation time.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of fatigue fracture on TB(Tailored Blank) weldment by comparing the fatigue crack propagation characteristics of base metal with those of TB welded sheet used for vehicle body panels. We also investigated the influence of center crack on the fatigue characteristic of laser weld sheet of same thickness. We conducted an experiment on fatigue crack propagation on the base metal specimen of 1.2mm thickness of cold-rolled metal sheet(SPCSD) and 2.0mm thickness of hot-rolled metal sheet(SAPH440) and 1.2+2.0mm TB specimen. We also made an experiment on fatigue crack propagation on 2.0+2.0mm and 1.2+1.2mm thickness TB specimen which had center crack. The characteristics of fatigue crack growth on the base metal were different from those on 1.2+2.0mm thickness TB specimen. The fatigue crack growth rate of the TB welded specimens is slower in low stress intensity factor range $({\Delta}K)$ region and faster in high${\Delta}K$ region than that of the base metal specimens. The slant crack angle slightly influenced the crack propagation of the TB specimen of 2.0+2.0mm thinkness.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1993

The changes in body temperatures of students in physical trained and untrained colleges have been studied as a funtion of garment styles under three different environmental conditions ($13{\pm}1$, $21{\pm}1$, $31{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $60{\pm}5%$ RH, 0.25m/sec). Since exposures of the extremities of body affect the regulation of body temperature, two types of garments, i.e., the skirt and the slacks, were used in order to observe the effects of the garment styles on the regulation of body temperatures. The skirt exposed the calf of the leg, while the slacks did not. Because the body temperature is regulated better for healtier people, the subjects were divided into two groups. one group was consisted of 2 untrained female students, and the other of 2 healthier female physical college students. 1. The rectal temperatures for those in skirt were $0.3^{\circ}C$ higher than for the ones in slacks at $13^{\circ}C$ regardless of the groups. The untrained group showed $0.3^{\circ}C$ higher rectal temperatures in skirt and $0.2^{\circ}C$ higher in slacks compared to the physical trained group. 2. The skin temperatures rose with the environmental temperatures, and the skirt gave larger mean skin temperature by $0.5^{\circ}C$ at $21^{\circ}C$. 3. At $13^{\circ}C$, the untrained group felt colder, more wet, and slightly more uncomfortable for both skirt and slacks. It is concluded that the skirt is more effective in physiological defense against cold stimuli than the slacks at $13^{\circ}C$, and that the regulation of body temperature takes place more efficiently to the physical trained students.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to research into the thermal condition and the weight of clothes suitable for the officers engagged in light works in an air-conditioned room in summer. The Major findings are as follows: 1. Thermal conditions of the working environment are $24.5^{\circ}C$ (Dry bulb temp.), $68\%$ (Relative humidity) and 2.6m/sec (Air Velocity). 2. Total clothing weights are 416.6 g/$m^2$ (male) and 340.9 g/$m^2$ (female). Underwear weights are 96.8g/$m^2$ (male) and 85.1g/$m^2$ (female). The latter turned out to be statistically significant in Sexual difference. 3. Means of the thermal sensation are 3.0 (comfortable; male) 2.7 ('Slightly cool' -'Comfortable'; female) and the relationship between clothing weights and thermal sensation proves to be significantly correlated in the case of female. 4. $66.7\%$ of the women and $37.1\%$ of the men feel sensation of coldness at the body's specific area and $79.5\%$ of the women and $54.3\%$ of the men reveals air-conditioning disturbance. 5. As the thermal sensation is close to 'cool-cold', sensation of coldness or air conditioning disturbance are showed up more frequently which is reversely related with weight of under-wear. It is also proved that air conditioning disturbances are influenced by sexual difference in addition to sensation of coldness and thermal sensation. 6. According to the result of experiment, we can have the idea that at condition $X_1$, the drop of limbs' skin temp. is remarkable. At condition $X_2$ skin temp. for distal limbs and mean skin temp. are raised and the falling degree is similar. At condition $X_3$, mean skin temp. and distal skin temp. are remarkably raised, and the falling degree decreases and the beats of pulse rate increase and diastoric blood pressure is lowered.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.400-409
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• 1998

Formation of adduct was studied in benzo(a)pyrene(BP)- and doxorubicin(Dx)-treated human NC-37 cells and isolated nuclei. Major adducts formed were determined by fluorescence absorption spectrophotometery and DNA-lin-ked protein assay. When isolated nuclei were exposed to carcinogens BP and DMBA, and anticancer drugs m-AMSA, ellipticine and Dx, varying degrees of adduct formation occured between DNA-protein complex and these drugs. When the mixture was centrifuged 1.7 M sucrose solution, binding BP and DMBA appeared to be similar between the sediment and the supernatant. When the sediment was centrifuged again with 0.35% polymin-P, the amount of BP bound was 2-fold greater in the protein(1077$\pm$55cpm) than in DNA fraction (470$\pm$20cpm), whereas that of DMBA was 1.6-fold greater in the DNA than in protein fraction. In the case of m-AMSA, ellipticine and Dx, the amount of binding was slightly greater in supernatant than in sediment in centrifugation with 1.7 M sucrose, and more than 3 times greater in the DNA- than in protein- fraction in centrifugation with 0.35% polymin P. DNA fractions which associated with a subset of nonhistone chromosomal protein were isolated from NC-37 cells exposed to $^{3}$H-BP and $^{14}$C-Dx. They were separated into two distince components DNA-S and DNA-P by centrifugation with 2M Nacl chromatin extraction. The results indicated that the amount of $^{3}$H-BP bound was 6.0-fold greater in DNA-P as compared with DNA-S, while that of $^{14}$C-Dx binding appreaed to be 6.2-fold greater in DNA-S than in DNA-P fraction. When $^{3}$H-BP binding wasdetermined in the presence of cold Dx, the amount of binding was reduced only in the DNA-P fraction, indicating that the interaction between DNA and protein is decreased. Gene expression by these drugs, BP treated cells were increased to compare with nomal cells but reduced by treatment with BP-Dx. These results suggest that the protein moiety which tightly bound to DNA-P fraction may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

Dansam, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza BGE. (Labiatae), has a bitter and a slightly 'cold' property. and is nontoxic. It has been used for the treatment of diseases such as tumors, bruises, gynecologic diseases, menoxenia, anemia and so forth. As an oriental medicine pathway, anal therapy has many kinds of treatments, Retention enema is one the most useful, advantageous methods of anal therapy. This experiment was performed in order to study the effect of an aqueous extract of Salviae radix root(SRRAE) on Immediate type allergic reaction by Retention enema. The results were obtained as follows, 1. SRRAE inhibited compound 48/80-induced Immediate type allergic reaction 100% with the dose of 0.1g/kg by anal treatment. However, SRRAE showed no significant inhibitory effect on the same reaction by oral treatment. When mice were pretreated with SRRAE at a concentration ranging from 0.001 to 1.0g/kg, by intra-anal treatment, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. 2. SRRAE also inhibited by 79.8% local cutaneous allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. 3. SRRAE close-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells(RPMC) by anti-DNP IgE., but SRRAE not inhibited compound 48/80-induced histamine release. 4. SRRAE dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis $factor-\;{\alpha}$ $(TNF-\;{\alpha}$) production from RPMC by anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, the level of cAMP in RPMC, when SRRAE was added, significantly increased compared with that of a normal control. According to the above results, anal therapy(Retention enema) of SRRAE may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local Immediate type allergic reactions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinesis) is one of the most important vegetable crops in korea and other East Asian countries. Cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphospha-tase (cytFBPase) is a key enzyme in sucrose biosyn-thesis, which controls the sucrose levels as well as the productivity at plants. The Chinese cabbage cytFBPase gene, BrFBPase, encodes the 340 amino acid polypep-tide, giving a theoretical molecular weight of 37.2 kD and a isolectric point of 5.4. BrFBPase showed high sequence identity with Brassica homologs and its functional domains, such as 12,6P$_2$ binding site or active site and F6P binding site, were highly conserved in diverse sources of organisms. Although the genome of Chinese cabbage seemed to be triplicated, BrFBPase appears to be a single copy gene. The expression of BrFBPase was examined at transcript and protein levels under various conditions. BrFBPase expression was observed only in photosynthetic source tissue, not in sink tissue. The expression was slightly higher during the day than at night, and it showed a diurnal cycle with circadian rhythmicity. Short-term exposure to low temperature inhibited the expression of the BrFBPase, while long-term exposure increased the expression, supporting that sugar levels are high in late autumn when temperature are low.