• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of surface roughness in the mixed lubrication regime of smooth and rough surfaces for roller bearings. The average flow model was adopted for interaction between the flow rheology of the lubricant and the surface roughness. The average Reynolds equation and related flow factor that describes the coupled effects of surface roughness and flow rheology, the viscosity-pressure and density-pressure equations, the elastic deformation equation, and the force balance equation were solved simultaneously. The results showed that the effects of surface roughness on the film thickness and pressure distribution should be considered, especially in elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact problems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.777-784
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• 2000

During past earthquakes several bridges have failed due to a loss of support at their bearings, seats, and/or expansion joints. Most efforts to prevent this have been directed toward tying bridges together at their bearings and expansion joints. Longitudinal restrainers are installed to limit the relative displacement at joints and thus decrease the chance of a loss of support as these locations. Transverse restrainers are necessary in many cases to keep the superstructure from sliding off in the transverse direction. Vertical restrainers are used at bearings to prevent uplifting deck, but usually not economically justified unless additional bearing retrofit is being performed. To obtain this three function of restrainer, a universal restrainer is developed. The load capacities were evaluated in static and dynamic experimental test. The test results show that the measured capacity or strength of the bridge deck restrainer is similar to that of design value.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 1988

To identify the stability of cantilever retaining wall in safe state by the deterministic method, these potential modes of such geotechnical failures as bearing capacity, horizontal sliding and overturning are analysed using Advanced First Order Second Moment (AFOSM) method. All design variables are assumed of the normal distribution and to be statistically independent. Considering the correlations between the single modes, structural system reliability index is 2. 05. Even if the safety factors are larger than the required value in the codes' by the conventional deterministic method, the system reliability of this structure may not be Judged to be safe state since the system reliability index is much lower than general value of 3.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.527-536
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• 2020

The paper represents an optimization algorithm for reinforced concrete retaining wall design. The proposed method, called Rao-3 optimization algorithm, is a recently developed algorithm. The total weight of the steel and concrete, which are used for constructing the retaining wall, were chosen as the objective function. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Rankine's theory for lateral earth pressure were considered for structural and geotechnical design, respectively. Number of the design variables are 12. Eight of those express the geometrical dimensions of the wall and four of those express the steel reinforcement of the wall. The safety against overturning, sliding and bearing capacity failure were regarded as the geotechnical constraints. The safety against bending and shear failure, minimum and maximum areas of reinforcement, development lengths of steel reinforcement were regarded as structural constraints. The performance of proposed algorithm was evaluated with two design examples.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.193-197
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• 2008

Array of micro-dimple on polyoxymethylene (POM) surface was fabricated using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and its characteristics were studied in terms of heat affected zone (HAZ), dimple geometry, and the effect of specimen surface roughness. Process parameters such as lamp current, process time, and the stream of air in order to minimize HAZ and flow of molten polymer into cavity were extensively studied in this work. Dimple geometry was further investigated by 3-D optical microscopy to provide deep insight into morphological analysis near the dimples. This paper also presents the applicapability of micro-dimples in polymeric tribological system, such as a thrust bearing. Micro-dimples were expected to provide low coefficient of friction and enhanced lubricity at the sliding interface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2006

Surface pattern of tribological applications is an attractive technology of engineered surface. Therefore, friction reduction is considered to be necessary for improved efficiency of machines. This study investigated the effect of friction property fur angles of micro-scale crosshatch grooved surface pattern on bearing steel flat mated with pin-on-disk. We obtain sample which can be fabricated by photolithography process. We discuss friction property depend on an angle of cross-hatch grooved pattern. We can verify the lubrication mechanism as a Stribeck curve, which has a relationship between the friction coefficient and a dimensionless parameter under the lubrication condition. It was found that the friction coefficient was related to angle of crosshatch on surface, even when surface pattern was the same density.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.797-802
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• 1997

The use of carbon materials in mechanical components such as bearings, seals, and bushings that do not require lubricants is increasing rapidly. This paper reports on establishing the optimal condition for resin-bonded carbon materials. We fixed the content ratio of materials, which include graphite powder and diatomite as a lubricant modifier and a friction modifier, respectably, with resin used as a bonding material. We then produced bushings using hot-pressing within the temperature range of resin curing. The properties of bushing, the friction coefficient, wear rate and the mechanical strengths are discussed in relation to the content of respective materials, with correlation of friction coefficient and sliding distance. Finally, we examined the friction coefficient changes according to the applied load on bushing and the friction coefficient changes according to contact speed of bushing.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.454-461
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• 2001

Dynamic responses of a multi-span simply supported bridge are examined under seismic excitations considering damage of bearings. An idealized mechanical model which can consider components such as pounding, friction at the supports, abutment-soil interaction, rotational and translational motions of foundations, and the nonlinear pier motions, is developed to analyze the effects due to damage of bearings. It is assumed that the bearing's response after failure can be expressed with a sliding model with a friction coefficient between the superstructure and the pier top. It is found that the global seismic behaviors are significantly influenced by the damage of bearings and the damage of bearings may lead to unseating failure at unpredicted supports. Therefore, It can be concluded that detailed seismic response analyses of bridge systems considering damage of bearings is required for the purpose of the seismic safety evaluation.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.973-977
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• 2004

A pneumatic cylinder used to sliding seal which seal the element one to another in relative motion. It is difficult to accuracy control because of adhesion phenomenon. To confirm this phenomenon, it is carried to friction force test and analysis for bellows type rodless cylinder. In the rodless cylinder of this type, friction force test is very important. Through the theoretical analysis of shock absorber obtained the optimal design of bellows type rodless cylinder. As the result of the friction force test, LM Guide type is suitable for work under low friction force.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2011

The current study investigated the friction property of angle and width effect for micro-scale grooved crosshatch pattern on SKD11 steel surface against bearing steel using pin-on-disk type. The samples fabricated by photolithography process and then these are carry out the electrochemical etching process. We discuss the friction property due to the influence of a hatched-angle and a width of groove on contact surface. We could be explained the lubrication mechanism for a Stribeck curve. So It was found that the friction coefficient depend on an angle of the crosshatch on contact surface. It was thus verified that micro-scale crosshatch grooved pattern could affect the friction reduction. Also, it is play an important a width of groove to be improved the friction property. I was found that friction property has a relationship between a width and an angle for micro-grooved pattern.