• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 1994

The prevalence of obesity by measuring the amount of body fat and its related factors were investigated in 315 high school girls living in Seoul. Average body fat amount and body fat percentage measured by the body impedance analysis were 14.2$\pm$5.2kg and 25.9$\pm$7.0% respectively. Mean body mass index(BMI) was 2.1$\pm$2.7kg/m2 and 6.7% of the subjects showed over 25kg/m2 Correlative analysis reveal that the body fat percentage was significantly correlated to both relative body weight and BMI(r=0.66, P<0.01, r=0.68, P<0.01) Relative body weight of the subjects showed positive correlation to those of their mother and father. It was shown that many students skipped breakfast often and did not have a pleasant meal with enough time. There was no relationship between adiposity and dietary nutrient or energy intake. When subgroups of the subjects attending a non-vocational high school and those attending a vocational or technical school were compared obesity was more prevalent in the former. Therefore the burden caused by preparing the university entrance examination seems to play an important role in fat deposition.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.711-721
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• 2013

This survey was conducted to compare food habit and food service satisfaction of high school students in urban and rural areas. The questionnaires were collected from 130 students in Daejeon and 140 in Geumsan. 19.8% of students skipped breakfast because of no time(48.7%), just habit(28.2%), no appetite(20.5%), for weight control(2.6%). The dietary behavior of rural students was better than city in taking snacks and light meal(p<0.05). For health they concerned highly about nutrition label expiration date of processed foods(72.3%) and least in considering nutrition than taste & price(37.9%). The satisfaction of food served was highest in nutrition(3.31), and taste(3.28), smell (3.23), color(3.03), temperature(3.02). The food service satisfaction of rural students was higher than city in proper temperature(p<0.001), nutrition(p<0.01), color(p<0.001). The satisfaction of rural students was higher than city in quantity of bap & side dishes, quality of food materials(p<0.001). The satisfaction of rural students was higher than city in convenience of dining hall, rapidity of food distribution, offer of nutrition information, sanitation of utensils & meals(p<0.001). It is suggested that school dietitian in city should be more concerned about sanitary food service based on students' dietary life & preference.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to compare the obesity related dietary factors among rural middle school students living in the Daegu.Kyungbuk area. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 162.7$\pm$8.6cm and 53.9$\pm$9.8kg in 220 male students and 158.4$\pm$6.2cm and 51.0$\pm$7.6kg in 210 female student. Mean BMIs for boys and girls were 19.00$\pm$2.35 and 19.30$\pm$2.45, respectively. 71.36% of male students and 71.9% of female students were underweight by the BMI index. Students who skipped the breakfast were up to 66.8%. The reasons for skipping a meal for both sexes were significantly different. Compared to males, more female respondents felt guilty and depressed related to eating. Furthermore, females were more significantly concerned about body image, diet and body weight (p<0.001), and they were not satisfied with their weight. The sources of information on obesity and diet were radio and TV in males, while females gathered information from magazines and friends. The ideal body weight of male students was heavier than the actual body weight while female students desired a thinner body shape. In conclusion, a different approach for nutrition education based on sex should be developed, and implemented fur adolescents.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.293-304
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• 1997

Studies about nutritional status, dietary behaviors and food preferrence as well as health status were performed to 110 homo-living elderly in rural area, Asan. The results obtained by questionnaires and interviews for 24-hr dietary recall were as follows. They were 68.6 years of average age. The weights were 53.8kg and 51.4kg of male and female, respectively and BMI 22.0 and 23.5. Their prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure were 65.5% and 60.5%, respectively, which seemed to be less than ones in large cities. More than 50% of the elderly thought their health as good or so-so. Physical health conditions by check list were indicated as 2.26 points, which meant the listed physical symptoms observed seldom(3pts) to sometimes(2pts). Evaluations on food frequency and seasoning tendency resulted in superior quality of female elderly's meals to that of male ones. Average daily intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin and ascorbic acid of the elderly in rural area were lower than Korean RDA for the aged $60{\sim}69$ and riboflavin was found to be the least sufficient nutrient. Their monthly expenditure, meal-accompany and skipped meals were significantly related to daily nutrient intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vitamin & mineral supplement use by the adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy-two adolescent boys and girls attending middle or high schools were chosen from various cities and rural communities in Korea. In this study, the factors affecting vitamin & mineral supplement use were analyzed from a self-administered questionnaire. It was found that vitamin & mineral supplements were taken by 31.3% of subjects. High school students(p<.01), female girl students(p<.001), and rural-dwellers(p<.001) took vitamin & mineral supplements more frequently than their complementing groups. The socioeconomic status of the family (p<.01), and supplement consumption by parents and siblings respectively affected the supplement use by the subjects(p<.001). Vitamin·mineral supplements were consumed more often in subjects who perceived their health as poor(p<.001), skipped breakfast(p<.05), and received nutritional information from books or magazines(p<.05). However, food habits and nutritional knowledge score of subjects did not affect vitamin & mineral supplement use. These findings suggest that adolescents take vitamin & mineral supplements commonly, and they tend to use supplements without prescription. Vitamin·mineral supplement consumption seems to be affected by general characteristics, health related variables, and meal management attitudes of subjects. Therefore, nutritional understanding and education are required in regard to the used of vitamin & mineral supplements, and the relationship between balanced diet and good health for the adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.395-403
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• 2000

This study was carried out with 200 students of Chungbuk National University to investigate their dietary behavior and calcium intake and to find out variables among general characteristics of subjects which influence dietary behavior and calcium intake. Questionaires and interviews were used for data collection. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Dietary behavior of college students were not desirable as a whole. The percentages of skipping breakfast and irregular meal among students were over one third, respectively. Especially students living alone skipped breakfast more frequently, took their meals more irregularly, and their eating frequencies of 6 food groups were lower compared to students eating at home. 2) Calcium intake was significantly different according to gender. Mean calcium intake of male students was 744.0 mg/day and that of female students was 480.8 mg/day. Average %RDA of calcium intake of female students was 68.5%. Resource food contributing to calcium intake in the first order was milk, next was yogurt, Small anchovies, kimchi made with Chinese cabbage, ice cream and soybean curd in that order. From the results of this study, we found that the students living alone and female students are exposed to high risk of poor dietary behavior and undernutrition of calcium. In conclusion, nutrition education programs for them are required as soon as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.393-403
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the contemporary dietary life of residence in Kyunggi province. People living in Kimpo, Yoju districts(farm villages), Kapyung districts (mountain villages) and Hwasung districts (fishing villages) were selected for this research as subjects from August S to 19,1997. The results of the survey are summarized as follows: 1. Cooked rice was a staple food. However nuddles and soojaebees(soup with dough flakes) was taken as lunch or snacks but Juk(rice guel) or Dduk(rice cake) was not treated as a meal. 2. Dishes were consisted with soup or chigae, kimchi and namul(seasoned vegetables), and fishes, meats, salted sea foods, dried fishes, jangacchi(dried seasoning radish) were also taken by sometimes. 3. Soy sauce, bean paste, red pepper bean paste were made by every home even if they were very busy. 4. Festival days such as New Year's Day, daeborum(the 15th day of January), chusok(mid-autumn festival), and kosaa(October ceremony) and dongee(one of 24 seasons by lunar calendar) are skipped oftenly and slowly forgotten by people. They do not celebrate Samgin-nal(the third day of March), Buddha's birthday(the 8th day of April by lunar calendar), danoh(the 5th day of May), yoodoo(the 15th day of June), chilsok(the 7th day of July), Jungyang(the 9th day of September) and the last day of the year either 5. Due to improved kitchen system, we couldn't see the old kitchen devices.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare dietary behaviors based on residence types of female college students. Self reports on dietary behavior and one-day dietary records were obtained from 227 female college students using anonymous questionnaires. The mean age of the subjects was $20.4{\pm}1.43$, and the height and weight were $162.5{\pm}4.8cm$ and $52.3{\pm}7.9kg$, respectively, The dietary behavior of female college students was inadequate, showing indifference to dietary balance, irregularity of meals, skipping breakfast, and high experience of drinking. One-day dietary records were obtained from 24k recall methods also showed a high number registering skipped meal status ($55.3\%$) and less diverse food intake (DVS, 12.5; DDS, 3.93). The students in self boarding residence were especially more likely not to eat properly and their dietary behaviors were found to be significantly poor. In the case of home residence, food intake frequency scores for milk and dairy products, fruits, and fishes were significantly higher, however the students in self boarding residences showed high food intake frequency scores in salted food, retort food, canned food, and especially instant ramyun. Therefore, more attention needs to be given to them to recognize the problems in their own dietary behaviors and more practical nutritional supports, like developing a menu for breakfast in college cafeterias, would be helpful to improve their dietary choices.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 1996

Customer satisfaction concerning foodservice quality characteristics were evaluated by using importance performance analysis(IPA) techniques in employee feeding operations. The purpose of this study were to survey employees' health condition and their food habits, to examine employees' perception of the importance and performance concerning foodservice quality charactertics and to analyze attributes for quality improvement in employee feeding operations. A questionaire for survey was developed and mailed to 1,700 employees and the response rate was 60.8%. Statistical data analysis was done using the SAS programs for descriptive analysis, $x^2$-test, F-test and Fisher's LSD. The results of this study were as follows 1. Most of employees responded that their health condition were generally good. 2. 17.8% of surveyed employees responded that they usually skipped their breakfast. 3. Main reasons of using employee feeding facilities identified were convenience and cheap price of meals. 4. Dissatisfied quality attributes identified were taste of food, atmosphere and location d dinning room, and the quality of food served for breakfast and dinner, 5. Satisfied quality attributes identified were nutritionally balanced meal with variety, competitive managerial skills of dietetian, and quality of food served for lunch.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

This study was conducted to find the gender and age differences in dietary behaviors and food consumption pattern of Korean American adults living in western parts of USA. The structured survey forms and self-administered food frequency questionnaire were used to assess dietary behavior and nutrient intakes. It was found that younger subjects kept their meal time more irregularly and skipped breakfast more often than older subjects due to lack of time. There were significant age differences in skipping meals, kind of skipping meals, and the reasons for skipping meals. Young subjects consumed more American type food while older subjects consumed more traditional Korean food. Nutrient intakes of males' except for the elderly were significantly higher in energy, protein, Fe and P than those of females'. Vitamin A and vitamin C intake were significantly higher in females. Energy ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 56.2 : 16.8 : 27.0. Females consumed more plant food as their dietary sources of protein, fat, Ca and Fe, compared to males. Ca intakes of participants' were below $75\%$ of RDA except for the youngest male and $30\~49$ aged male and females. Futhermore, Ca intake was below $70\%$ after age 50 in both genders. Effective nutrition education program targeting Korean Americans in the community should be developed and implemented to increase Ca consumption.