• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the handwashing knowledge and attitudes of resistered nurses on general wards. Subjects for this study include 182 nurses working in general wards of a hospital in Seoul area. Data were collected by a questionnaire from July 30 to August 10,1996. Statistical analyses were done by the SPSS/PC program. The techniques used in this sudy included frequencies, chi-square test. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. 34.6% of the respondents reported that they washed their hand an average of 5 to 7 times during the work day. 2. 38.5% of the respondents reported always washing after each patient contact. Only 9.9% always washed before contact with a patient. 3. 56.6% of the respondents reported a washing time of 10 to 20 seconds, whereas 29.1% washed 21 to 30 seconds. Chi-square tests were employed to determine any differences in handwashing frequency and duration by age, working years, work position. There were no satistically significant differences among the variables. 4. 95.6% of the subjects used water and plain soap during the washing process. The respondents washed the palms of the hands, the backs of their hands and between their fingers(33%). Only 17.6% removed rings before handwashing. Similarly, 11% removed their wristwatch. The majority(96.2%) reported that they used communal textile towel to dry their hands. When asked what method they used to turn off the water faucet after washing, 98.4% reported using direct hand-to-faucet contact. 5. Nursing activities that showed the highest handwashing rates was after wound dressing(22.9%), followed by suctioning(21.4%), injection(21.2%), inserting catheter(18%). 6. Reasons cited for reduced handwashing frequency included being too busy to wash more often(74.7%), no need to wash more often(11.0%) and dry skin caused by frequent handwashing(3.3%). 7. When asked where they obtained their current knowledge of handwashing techniques, they reported professors(73.6%), resisted nurses(14.8%) and supervisor(6.6%). 8. Nursing staff thought that proper handwashing was important factor in decreasing nosocomical infections(72.4%).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.182-191
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify necessary emergency treatment and nursing activities for severe trauma patients according to elapsed time and vital signs. Methods: A survey was conducted with 121 patients over 15 points ISS on EMR from June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2012. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, applying McNemar's test using SPSS 12.0. Results: Almost all of the subjects were men and the mean age was 46.9. Run-time for primary diagnosis, treatment decision, and leaving for the hospital room was 0.19, 4.36, and 4.21 hours, respectively, and stayover time was 9 hours. Regardless of vital signs, emergency treatments involving ambu-bagging, intubation, ventilator, and central vein catheterization insertion were offered within an hour. Central venous pressure, Foley catheter/Levin tube preparation and maintenance were performed in cases of unstable vital sign patients within an hour. Unrelated to vital signs, nursing activities for consciousness assessment, skin assesment and wound care, bed sore/fall down assesment and care, intravenous injection insertion and maintenance were conducted for all severe trauma patients within an hour. Foley catheter/Levin tube drainage care was performed for patients who had unstable vital signs within an hour. Conclusion: Emergency treatment and nursing activities for severe trauma patients were specific according to elapsed time and vital signs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

Objective : Electrodiagnostic test has shown diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in carpal tunnel syndrome[CTS]. This study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcome of endoscopic carpal tunnel ligament release[ECTR] and the predictive value of sensory nerve conduction. Methods : From January 1998 to December 2004, 87 patients [44 right hand, 37 left hand, 6 bilateral hands] with CTS who underwent ECTR were followed up in our hospital for an average of 24 months. We retrospectively analyzed the results with previous medical records. All patients underwent electrodiagnostic test and ECTR. The patients were divided into three groups according to the electrodiagnostic test results. Group [A] was normal sensory nerve response, Group [B] was slowing sensory response and Group [C] was no sensory response. Improvement of the symptom after ECTR was assessed using a visual analogue scale[VAS] score. Results : Differences between the three groups on the correlation of severity of sensory potential and duration of preoperative symptoms were significant. The mean value of improved VAS scores for the three groups were $6.0{\pm}0.96$ in the Group A, $6.11{\pm}0.48$ in the Group B and $6.14{\pm}0.53$ in the Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between the severity of sensory nerve response and improvement in VAS score after ECTR. Complications included a wound infection, a case of skin necrosis, and two patients with persistent symptoms without any improvement. Conclusion : Although electrodiagnostic test has been known to be useful, sensory nerve response is considered not to be a good prognostic value for carpal tunnel syndrome after ECTR.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.803-807
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• 2011

Purpose: The safety of radiation therapy after breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is still being debated, and few studies exist on the outcome of irradiation after immediate TRAM breast reconstruction. Some authors presented satisfactory outcomes after adjuvant radiation therapy on reconstructed breast with pedicled TRAM flap, while others reported significant post radiation changes of the flap. Effect of radiation therapy on TRAM flap was evaluated to see whether adjuvant radiation therapy was tolerable. Methods: 1000 immediate TRAM breast reconstruction was done by a single surgeon from July, 2001 to December, 2009. Among them 105 patients required adjuvant radiation therapy because of advanced disease or locoregional recurrence. Fat necrosis, radiation fibrosis, mastectomy skin flap necrosis, need for secondary touch up procedures, patient satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The incidence of fat necrosis was 10.5% and significant radiation fibrosis occurred in only one patient. Delayed wound problem did not occur during or after irradiation. Secondary touch-up procedures were performed in 12.3%, the most common being fat graft (8.6%). Average patient satisfaction score was 8.62/10, which was not significantly different from the authors' previous report involving all the TRAM patients (8.50). Conclusion: Radiation therapy did not increase the complication rate significantly. Aesthetic result was affected but was tolerated in most cases. The fear of adjuvant radiation is not a negative factor in selecting immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM flap.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

Laser irradiation is known to affect various tissues such as skin, bone, nerve, and skeletal muscle. Laser irradiation promotes ATP synthesis, facilitates wound healing, and stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In skeletal muscle, laser irradiation is related to the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Normal skeletal muscle contains remodeling capacity from myogenic cells that are derived from mononuclear satellite cells. Their processes are activated by the expression of genes related with myogenesis such as muscle-specific transcription factors (MyoD and Myf5) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). In this study, we hypothesized that laser irradiation would enhance and regulate muscle cell proliferation and regeneration through modulation of the gene expressions related with the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. $C_2C_{12}$ myoblastic cells were exposed to continuous/non-continuous laser irradiation (660nm/808nm) for 10 minutes daily for either 1 day or 5 days. After laser irradiation, cell proliferation and gene expression (MyoD, Myf5, VEGF) were quantified. Continuous 660nm laser irradiation significantly increased cell proliferation and gene expression compared to control, continuous 808nm laser irradiation, and non-continuous 660nm laser irradiation groups. These results indicate that continuous 660nm laser irradiation can be applied to the treatment and regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.407-413
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• 1997

The soft tissue injuries of Oral & Maxillofacial region include abrasion, contusion, simple laceration, laceration of skin with underlying tissue, soft tissue injuries combined with facial bone fracture and involving functional structures such as facial nerve and vessel, orbit, lacrimal duct and salivary gland and so on. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The age range was 1 to 97, and the highest incidence occured in the 3rd decade(23.4%), followed by the 1st decade(20.2%), 4th decade(18.1%), 4th decade(18.1), and 5th decade(14.3%) 2. The sexual ration was 4 : 1(M : F). 3. The most common cause of facial laceration was a accident(54.5), followed by blow(17.8%), traffic accident(15.9%) and unknown(10.8%). 4. The most frequently occurred site of injury was a forehead(24), followed by oral cavity(16.9%), lip(15%), eyebrow(14.5%), cheek(14%), chin(11.8%), nose(2%), scalp(1.4%) and neck(0.9%). 5. Most of wound size was less than 3cm in length. 6. 28 patients suffered facial bone fracture, representing 7%. 7. The major complications following facial laceration were infection and facial paralysis caused by facial nerve injuries, representing 4.5% and 1.9%.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.602-615
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• 1998

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of the discharged patient with cancer as perceived by nurses caring hospitalized cancer patients. At two hospitals in Gyeongnam, 74 nurses responded to an open-ended questionnaire consisting of four need categories : 1) educational & informational need, 2) physical need, 3) emotional need, 4) social need. Respondents were asked to list above ten needs of cancer patient in each category. Two researchers analyzed the data by content analysis method. The findings are summarized as follows : 1) A total of 1,417 need items were generated by nurses. The largest number of needs were in the educational & informational need category(475 items, 36.3%). Physical(414 items, 31.6%), emotional (237 items, 18.1%) need were the second, third largest, and social(184 items, 14.0%) need made up the smallest category. 2) In the educational & informational need category, there were seven subcategories of prognosis, diet & exercise, medication & pain, wound care, folk remedy, personal hygiene, comfort. The need items related to prognosis of cancer accounted for almost a half(48.2%) of the total. 3) In the physical need category, there were ten subcategories of personal hygiene, skin & tissue, nutrition, side effect on treatment, exercise, pain, elimination, equipment, comfort & safety, others. The largest number of needs were in subcategory of the personal hygiene(82 items, 19.8%). 4) In the emotional need category, there were four subcategories of emotional support related to disease, emotional support related to routine life, spiritual support, maintenance of relationship with nurse & doctor. The largest number of needs were in subcatgory of the emotional support related to disease(96 items, 40.5%). 5) In the social need category, there were five subcategories of support for social life, household management, legal support, the use of volunteer service, financial support. The largest number of needs were in support for social life subcategory(58 items, 31.5%).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2007

Backgrounds: To overcome limited amount of autogenous mucosa for the reconstruction of various mucosal defect including oral mucosal defect, tissue engineered mucosa has been recently introduced. However, introduced conventional technique of tissue engineered mucosa still have serious pitfalls such as long fabrication time, fragility of the reconstructed mucosa, and complexity of the technique. Aim of the study: To examine whether the complex of preconfluent autologous keratinocytes and autologous PRP(Platelet rich plasma) can reconstruct oral mucosa on the muscular flap with easier and faster way compared to conventional mucosal tissue engineering technique. Materials and methods: One day before the operation, oral mucosa(3mm in diameter) were taken and treated for extraction of oral keratinocytes according to the routine manner. The day of operation, oral keratinocytes were prepared in the laboratory and then moved to the operating theater. Autologous PRP was also prepared and then mixed with oral keratinocytes just before grafting on the prepared muscular flap. After keratinocyte-PRP complex was seated, then a sterilized rubber sheet was placed on the graft and the elevated skin flap was replaced and sutured. Biopsies were proceeded at 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days. Tissue samples were evaluated clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. Results: All of the oral keratinocyte-PRP complexes were successfully grafted on the recipient sites(100%). On 3 days after the operation, 1-2 continuous epithelial layer and many inflammatory cells were observed. On 5 days after the operation, increase of layers of keratinocyte was observed with less inflammatory response. Thickness of the layers was gradually increased from 7 to 21 days after the operation. Cytokeratin confirms epithelium in every specimen. Conclusions: Preconfluent graft of autogenous oral keratinocytes mixed with autogenous PRP have successfully reconstructed myo-mucosal flap. This technique could be a useful alternative for oral mucosal reconstruction in the near future.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.409-412
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• 1987

질내(膣內)에 발생(發生)한 종양(腫瘍)으로 인하여 내원(來院)한 13년생(年生) terrier견(犬)에 대하여 회음부(會陰部)를 통한 종탕절제술(腫蕩切除術)을 실시(實施)한 증례(症例)를 보고(報告)한다. 1. 조직학적(組織學的)으로 관찰(觀察)한 결과 섬유종(纖維腫)으로 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 외음순(外陰脣)의 배측연접(背側連接) 상부(上部)의 1cm 폭(幅)을 남겨놓고 질부(膣部)의 배벽(背壁)까지 피부(皮膚) 및 근층(筋層)을 절개(切開)한 후절개창공(後切開創孔)을 통하여 종양물(腫瘍物)들을 절제(切除)한 결과(結果) 외음부(外陰部)의 형태에 변화(變化)를 일으키지 않고 원상(原狀)을 유지(維持)하였다. 3. 절제후(切除後) 현재(現在)까지 (약(約)6개월(個月)) 재발미후(再發微候)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다.