• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 2006

Objective : This study was designed to identify lipid protection formation in stratum corneum and anti-inflammatory effects of Sopungdojeok-tang(SD) on atopic dermatitis(AD). Materials and Methods : In Vivo, SD extract was orally administered to BALB/c mice at $2.5m{\ell}/kg/day$ for 2 days after 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate evoked atopic dermatitis in abdominal skin. Morphological changes were observed by immunohistochemical stain using monoclonal antibodies(BrdU, ceramide, MIP-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50, IL-4, and STAT6) and TUNEL method. In vitro, the alterations of IL-4 mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCT in SD extract treated EL4 cells after phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and 4-tert-Octylphenol induce Th2 skewed condition. Results : SD is used in Oriental Medicine for its potential curative for atopic dermatitis. In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory and lipid lamella repair effects of SD were investigated. SD decreased the number of eosinophil in atopic dermatitis induced mice. In the histological properties, the hyperplasia, edema, infiltration of lymphocytes, damage of intercellular space of stratum corneum, BrdU positive reacted cells in stratum basal, and degranulated mast cells and capillaries in dermal papillae decreased in mice with SD. Treatment of SD also decreased MIP-2, STAT6 and IL-4 in dermal papillae. The IL-4 mRNA expression decreased in a dose-dependant manner in SD treated EL4 cells. In addition, decrease of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 and increase of apoptotic cells in dermis were observed in SD treated mice. These data suggest that SD may beneficial for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions : These data suggest that SD is beneficial in treatment of atopic dermatitis, and that SD provides lipid protection in stratum corneum and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.771-779
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• 2022

Background: As a kind of common complication of the surgery of perianal diseases, perianal ulcer is known as a nuisance. This study aims to develop a kind of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)-loaded hydrogel to treat perianal ulcers in a rat model. Methods: The copolymers PLGA₁₆₀₀-PEG₁₀₀₀-PLGA₁₆₀₀ were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization process and Rg3-loaded hydrogel was then developed. The perianal ulcer rat model was established to analyze the treatment efficacy of Rg3-loaded hydrogel for ulceration healing for 15 days. The animals were divided into control group, hydrogel group, free Rg3 group, Rg3-loaded hydrogel group, and Lidocaine Gel® group. The residual wound area rate was calculated and the blood concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's Trichrome (MT) staining, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Ki-67, CD31, ERK1/2, and NF-κB immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results: The biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel carries a homogenous interactive porous structure with 10 ㎛ pore size and five weeks in vivo degradation time. The loaded Rg3 can be released sustainably. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed that the hydrogel had no effect on survival rate of murine skin fibroblasts L929. The Rg3-loaded hydrogel can facilitate perianal ulcer healing by inhibiting local and systematic inflammatory responses, swelling the proliferation of nuclear cells, collagen deposition, and vascularization, and activating ERK signal pathway. Conclusion: The Rg3-loaded hydrogel shows the best treatment efficacy of perianal ulcer and may be a candidate for perianal ulcer treatment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1991

The SKINTEX Method is based on a two-compartment physico-chemical model which includes a Biomembrane Barrier in compartment one and an organized macromolecular matrix in compartment two. Test samples absorb onto or permeate through the keratin/collagen Biomembrane Barrier and then can interact with the organized macromolecular matrix. Changes in the integrity of the barrier release a dye indicator: Changes in the matrix can alter its transparency. The sum of these two responses is read spectrophotometrically at 470nm. An early investigation of 950 chemicals and formulations in the SKINTEX System produced results which were 89% concordance to in vivo Draize dermal irritation results obtained with 24-hour occluded application of test samples with-out abrasion and standard scoring. Alkaline materials were analyzed in a specialized SKINTEX AMA Protocol. In this early study, the model did not distinguish nonirritant test materials and formulation with PDII(Primary Dermal Irritation Index)in the range from 0 to 1.2, A High Sensitivity Assay Protocol(HSA)was developed to amplify the changes in both compartments of this model and provide more accurate calibration of these changes. A study of 60 low irritation test samples including cosmetics, household products, chemicals and petro-chemicals distinguished nonirritants with PDII $\leq$ 0.7 for 26 of 30 nonirritants. A second protocol was developed to evaluate the SKINTEX model predictability with respect to human irritation. The Human Response Assay (HRA )has been optimized based on differences in penetration and irritation responses in humans and rabbits. An additional 32 test materials with different mechanisms and degrees of dermal toxicity were evaluated by the HRA. These in vitro results were 86% concordant to human patch test results. In order to further evaluate this model, a Standard Chemical Labelling (SCL) Protocol was developed to optimize this system to predict Draize dermal irritation results after a 4-hour application of the test material. In a study of 52 chemicals including acids, bases, solvents, salts, surfactants and preservatives, the SCL results demonstrated 85% concordance to Draize results for a 4-hour application of test samples on non-abraded rabbit skin. The SKINTEX System, including three specialized protocols, provided results which demonstrated good correlation to the endpoint of dermal irritation in man and rabbits at different application times.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

Objectives The aim of this review is to analyse the study tendency in papers related with sibjeondaebotang (Shiquan dabutang) which are published in Korea from 2000 to 2013. Methods We searched the four electronic database (NSDL, RISS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, OASIS) and checked relevant Korean journals from 2000 to 2013. We classified the papers by publish date, speciality, study method, and field of study, and analysed the study tendency. Results 1. 4 papers were published annually on average. 2. After classifying papers by the speciality of journal, continuous study was followed not only in korean medicine, but also in many specialities like Dietetics, Biotechnology and Pharmacology. 3. In study methods, clinical case was 29%, in vivo was 26%, and in vitro was 26%. 4. After classifying papers by field of study, beneficial effect was 62%, toxicity was 14%, qualitative analysis was 9%, and adverse effect and pharmacology was 3%. 5. In beneficial effect, it is effective in antioxidation, treatment and prevention of neurologic disease, skin disease, gynecologic disease and so on. It has also an effect in enhancing the immune system, improving the dysfunction of organs, and it can also be used for anticancer and anti-metastatic purpose. Conclusions These results suggest that Sibjeondaebotang (Shiquan dabutang) can be used as cure medicine, not just as herbal tonic, but there are not sufficient evidence based papers, so there should be further studies in order to establish Sibjeondaebotang as a cure medicine.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Objectives : In order to investigate the efficacy of BJBB on atopic dermatitis, various anti-inflammatory factors were studied. Methods : In-vitro, inflammatory mediators, such as MTT and nitric oxide were detected after the addition of LPS with or without BJBB in Raw 264.7 cells. In-vivo, in order to verify the effectiveness of BJBB in atopic dermatitis animal model, its role in inflammation factors and histological changes were observed in NC/Nga mice. Results : BJBB showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in Raw 264.7 cells. BJBB inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide in RAW 264.7cells. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in the expression of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a by 40%, 80% and 44% respectively. Also the group showed decrease in the transcription of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a mRNA in spleen by 41%, 93% and 39% respectively. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte and monocytes immune cell ratio in blood by 54%, 63%, 57% and 86% respectively. BJBB treated group showed decrease in the expression of IgG by 39% respectively. Also, infiltration of adipocytes into skin was suppressed and the thickness of epidermis and dermis were relatively decreased in the BJBB treated group. Conclusion : BJBB has an anti-inflammatory effects in NC/Nga mouse. Thus, these results suggested a beneficial effect of BJBB in treatment with Atopic dermatitis and inflammatory.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to determine the transdermal effects of ethanol extract from medicinal herbal mixture (SHJ) on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and melanogenesis in melanoma cells. Methods : Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups including vehicle (CON), SHJ extract and 5% minoxidil (MNXD, positive control)-treated group. SHJ was applied topically on the hair-shaved skin of C57BL/6 mice everyday for 15 days. The thickness and density of hair with a folliscope and morphometry of hair follicle with a H&E staining were monitored at last day. Also then, hair growth-associated gene expressions were measured by immunoblot assay. Results : The MNXD or SHJ-treated group promoted on hair growth compared to that of vehicle-treated group (CON). Hair density and thickness of MNXD or SHJ treated-group increased compared to that of vehicle application on the 15 days, respectively. Induction of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also accelerated by application of SHJ extract compared to those of CON group. But expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ decreased in SHJ treated-group compared to that of CON group. Furthermore, SHJ extract showed to increase melanin contents in a dose-dependent manner. Tyrosinase activity significantly increased in SHJ-treated group compared with CON group in dose-dependant manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that SHJ can be used as a component of cosmeceuticals for hair care via promoting growth and melanogenesis of hair.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

Objectives: Whitmania pigra whitman (WP) has been used in herbal medicine to treat various conditions, such as eczema, skin burns and frostbites in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study is was to investigate the effect of WP on anti-allergy mechanism. Methods: To clarify the mechanism, the effect of WP on vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue and histamine and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, $TNF-{\alpha}$) released from mast cells were observed. Results: The results were 1. the pretreatment with WP significantly decreased the compound 48/80-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC 2. WP did not inhibit the anti-DNP IgE-induced increment of vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue 3. WP significantly reduced the PMA plus A23187-induced increment of expression of IL-6, IL-8, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in HMC-1 cells. Conclusions: The present study providesevidence that WP acid inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suggest the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic effect of WP suggests a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2010

Objective : The present study was examined to evaluate the effects of Ecliptae Herba on the production of inflammatory mediators in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In cell viability, all three doses of Ecliptae Herba extract (25, 50 and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$) had no significant cytotoxicity during the experimental period. The increases of NO production and iNOS expression were detected in LPS-activated cells compared to control, but these increases were dose-dependently attenuated by pre-treatment with Ecliptae Herba extract. Results : 1. LPS plays a pivotal roles in inducing to the massive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in macrophages. 2. Ecliptae Herba extract reduced the elevated production of cytokines by LPS. 3. Ecliptae Herba extract reduced $PGE_2$ levels in a dose-dependent manner as a consequence of inhibition of COX-2 activity. 4. Ecliptae Herba extract significantly reduced the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ induced by LPS. 5. In histopathological study, Ecliptae Herba effectively inhibited the increases of hind paw edema, skin thicknesses and inflammatory cell infiltrations induced by carrageenan treatment. Conclusions : These results provide evidences that therapeutic effect of Ecliptae Herba on the acute inflammation is partly due to the reduction of some of inflammatory factors by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.196-199
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• 2008

A new grafted cactus variety, 'Dahong', Gymnocalycium mihanovichii, is hybrid crossed between '9508021' line with red and black color, and 'Jinhong', with dark red color in 2002. It was cultivated for 6 months after grafted in vitro and planted at 100 mL test tube. After grafting in vivo in 2003, the various characteristics of this was evaluated three times until 2006. It has the flat-round shape and dark red skin, and produces the daughter globes at areoles, which are arranged well at the low part of globe. In addition, it has 8~10 ribs and the gray and slant spines in body. The ability of propagation is better than 'Jinhong' to produce approximately 13.6 daughter globes.