• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

In today's society, where people look younger than their chronological age due to improvements in the quality of life, there is a gaining interest in anti-aging and how people compare to those in the same age group. We evaluated the wrinkle index, which is the most important attribute amongst skin parameters, to evaluate external age (wrinkle age). The wrinkles of the whole face were scored by divided 8 areas (forehead, glabella, nasal root, upper eyelid, lower eyelid, crow's feet, nasolabial groove and perioral skin) and analyzed the correlation between chronological age and skin parameters. 206 subjects (Korean female, n = 105 and Mongolians female, n = 101) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into four groups by ages: 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s. Wrinkle scores of 8 areas were evaluated and developed a calculation formula based on the wrinkle scores. Skin characteristic parameters were measured about skin elasticity, pore, wrinkle, sebum secretion. There was no difference between the calculated ages and the chronological ages in Korean women. On the other hand, Mongolian looked older than chronological age by 9 years. The correlation between the facial wrinkle ages and skin physiology parameters was presented in the order of skin elasticity > pore or crow's feet > skin tone > sebum secretion in both countries. Skin elasticity represented the most related parameter with the facial wrinkle ages. This study identified the skin wrinkle patterns of Korean and Mongolian women and the wrinkle age calculation formula developed from this study can be used as a tool for calculating the facial wrinkle ages in cosmetic studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.962-973
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to understand the harmony of chromatic and achromatic colors of the traditional Korean dress. The subjects were women＇s college students in Korea and America. Chromatic colon, red, yellow, and green color, were chosen for the color of the Korean jacket, and achromatic colors were chosen for the color of the skirt, and then the colors＇ chroma were controlled and value of color was changed. In addition, the three colors of the jacket were combined with four kinds of the colors＇ tone. Then, the students of both countries assessed about the harmony for 48 colorations which were variously incorporated with the tones of skirt and jacket. The results of research can be summarized as follows. When red jackets were combined with skirts of achromatic colors, students of both counties showed the different views in the range of harmony and disharmony for colorations of white(N9) skin and vivid jacket, and white(N9) skirt and dark jacket, and black(N2) skirt and light jacket, and black(N2) skirt and dull jacket. In the tone of yellow jackets and achromatic skirts, students of both counties showed similar responses in that a light yellow jacket was well matched with dark grey(N4) and black(N2) skirt. While Korean students generally evaluated that coloration was well harmonized when low value color was arranged below, American students thought, that the tones of a harmonized skirt were different, according to the jacket＇s tones. When green jackets were combined with stills of achromatic colors, colorations that showed their different views of both countries were a white(N9) skirt combined with vivid, light, dull jackets, and a light grey(N7) skirt and dull jacket, and a dark grey(N4) skirt and dark jacket. Among 48 stimuli of coloration on the chromatic and achromatic colors, Korean students evaluated 16sets and American students judged 28 sets as harmonized colors. Therefore, it came to the conclusion that Korean students had the sense of harmonious coloration of more narrow range than American students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

In order to measure the parameters of consumers' preferred image quality, this research suggests image quality assessment factors; dynamic range, color, and contrast. They have both physical image quality factors and psychological characteristics from the previous researches. We found out the specific ranges of preferred image quality metrics. As a result, Digital Zone System meant for dynamic range generally shows 6~10 stop ranges in portrait, nightscape, and landscape. Total RGB mean values represent in portrait (67.2~215.2), nightscape (46~142), and landscape (52~185). Portrait total RGB averages have the widest range, landscape, and nightscape, respectively. Total scene contrast ranges show in portrait (196~589), nightscape (131~575), and landscape (104~767). Especially in portrait, skin tone RGB mean values are in ZONE V as the exposure standard, but practically image consumers' preferred skin tone level is in ZONE IV. Also, total scene versus main subject contrast ratio represents 1:1.2; therefore, we conclude that image consumers prefer the out-of-focus effect in portrait. Throughout this research, we can measure the preferred image quality metrics ranges. Also, we expect the practical and specific dynamic range, color, and contrast information of preferred image quality to positively influence product development.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.510-520
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• 2006

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between fatigue degree and Comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui in patients with functional dyspepsia. There again, we investigated an association between scores obtained from Comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui and state of skin sympathetic tone or cardiovascular reactivity. Methods: Subjects were 56 patients with Functional dyspepsia and 8 healthy People. Fatigue degree was assessed by questionnaires consisting of subjective complaints of fatigue. Comprehensive diagnoais of Qui Xue Shui was investigated by questionnaire and physical examination, total score and composition score were calculated from the symptom score. Skin sympathetic tone was measured by Ryodoraku Score(RS) and Cardiovascular Reactivity(CV Reactivity) was checked by Pulse diagnostic apparatus. All patients were divided into two groups by RS $40{\mu}A$(below and above) or by CV Reactivity(decreased and increased or not decreased). Results: There was highly significant correlation between Fatigue Degree and total score and each composition score of Comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui. And total score of patients was significantly higher than that of health controls : in the patients, females than males. Significance related with the level of RS $40{\mu}Aor$ the state of CV Reactivity were not remarkable in both patients and health control group. Conclusions: Fatigue degree seems to have a special feature reflecting the state of Comprehensive Diagnosis of Qui Xui Shui in patients with functional dyspepsia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.550-555
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• 2013

Extrinsic skin aging is characterized by the loss of skin tone and resilience, irregular pigmentation, and deep wrinkles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ehwa Makgeolli containing oriental herbs (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Lycium chinense MILL., Morus alba L., and Saururus chinensis Baill) on skin whitening and wrinkling in human skin cells. We prepared Makgeolli extracts (HEE) with 70% ethanol. HEE significantly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity and reduced the cellular and secreted melanin content of mouse melanoma melanocytes (B16F1 cells). HEE down-regulated the protein expression of tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1/-2, a key player in melanogenesis. Treatment with HEE in human keratinoctyes (HaCaT cells) inhibited the proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 in a dose-dependent manner and dramatically reduced the expression of MMP-2/-9. In addition, HEE attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). These results indicate that HEE may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1580-1588
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• 2023

The desire for clear and clean skin is universal among both men and women. Women, in particular, seek the help of foundation to achieve beautiful and transparent skin. The choice of foundation is not determined by the race of an individual; instead, it varies based on personal skin color and undertone. Therefore, there is a need to surpass the stereotype of using foundation colors based on racial discrimination. The purpose of this study is to randomly select cosmetics brands from Korea, China, Japan, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, considering the impact of each photo, environment, and equipment. The objective is to understand the differences in skin tones in foundation advertisement model images on websites. Analyzing the RGB values of foundation colors for each brand revealed that in Korea, the colors were 8.75R, 1.25YR, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, and 6.25YR. Chinese brands showed similar colors with 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 10YR. Japanese brands displayed colors such as 7.5R, 8.75R, 10R, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 7.5YR. American brands presented colors like 6.25R, 8.75R, 10R, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR. French brands featured 10R, 1.25YR, 3.75YR, 5YR. Lastly, British brands displayed 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 7.5YR. As a follow-up study, in-depth research on the reshaping and color changes of foundation over time is recommended. It is hoped that this research will serve as fundamental data for makeup companies' marketing and contribute to the development of both domestic and international color cosmetics markets.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

For modern people living in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, appearance management and consumption behavior are very important factors not only in personal values but also in human relationships. It is used as an important means of competitiveness with skin beauty and fashion. It is used as an important means. Therefore, we compared and analyzed professionally from the aesthetic point of view about the makeup of the eyebrows, eyes, eye line, cheeks, lip make-up, and skin tone of Woohee, who appeared in the movie and Miss Korea in 1989. As a result of the study, other aspects were analyzed in the common denominator of a somewhat exaggerated makeup technique. Accordingly, through this study, it is possible to explore multiple angles for developing novel makeup patterns and items, and at the same time, it will help to establish a foundation for makeup beauty education. In addition, this study intends to contribute to the practical development with competitiveness by building a more aggressive marketing strategy in the makeup market.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1194-1210
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• 2010

The influence of digital media according to environmental change of multi-media came to have significance more than what we imagine. In accordance with high resolution of HDTV in digital media era, the cautious awareness is required for skin color by the immediate color such as replica of TV color, lighting and clothing. As for the broadcasting makeup expression technique caused by a change in broadcasting environment in the digital media era, the first, There is necessity for natural makeup technique, and for expressing the whole makeup evenly and very delicately. The makeup work gets much more delicate. For the delicate expression, more time is being required than the existing makeup time. Second, Lots of time and manpower are required for elaborate real-object processing on all the production fields such as background set, stage properties, and makeup. Third, Realistic expression is available on the screen. Importance of basic makeup is highlighted. Thus, even the skin care shop came to be prevalent. Development in only HD cosmetics is needed for foundation with fine particle in new material and with diverse colors hereafter. The video-media field is a method that is ignored a sense of distance through vehicles such as camera, picture tube, and several kinds of broadcasting machinery and equipment and that is delivered vividly to viewers through screen, unlike the stage makeup, thereby being needed the makeup technology proper for HDTV according to the changing broadcasting environment and media. The video machinery and equipment are proceeding with being gradually high-tech and precise. Thus, an expert in makeup needs to know common sense on the video machinery and equipment before makeup, and needs to make an effort according to it. And, a follow-up research can be said to be necessary on the advance in makeup method and on more diverse dedicated cosmetics along with a research on color tone proper for HDTV.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1969

Experiments on thermoregulatory responses to cold immersion stimulus were carried out in September, 1968 (summer studies) and February, 1969 (winter studies). Eight each of ama and control subject were selected at random from a same community in Yong-Do Island, Pusan. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The rate of fall in muscle temperature of forearm during a 30 min-immersion in $6^{\circ}C$ water bath was significantly slower in the ama in winter and was about the same in the two groups in summer. However, the magnitude of change in the skin temperature and the heat fluxes observed during immersion period was not significantly different either between groups or between seasons. 2) Both finger blood flow and skin temperature during one hr-immersion in $6^{\circ}C$ water bath decreased significantly in the ama as compared to the control. The magnitude of cold-induced vasodilatation during immersion period was significantly greater in the control in winter. However, the time of onset and blood flow at onset showed no significant relation between groups. 3) The magnitude of reactive hyperemia after a 5 min-arterial occlusion in both air and $15^{\circ}C$ water bath was significantly lower in the ana than in the control. In control subjects, post-occluded blood flow in water was significantly greater than in air, while in the ama it decreased to 1/2 of control values. The time required for the return of blood flow to resting values in the air was faster in the ama than in the control but was the same in water in the two groups. 4) The results suggest that vasoconstrictor tone increased in the ama in winter, indicating the development of vascular adaptation as a part of cold acclimatization.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.115-135
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• 2010

Regarding the figure painting of the T'ang period, by Yeomipbon, a representative painter of the early T'ang period, shows a traditional painting style. Figure paintings of the Prosperous T'ang period, influenced by Odoja's painting style, are characterized as illustrating the lives of noble women delicately with brilliant colors. They include Janghwon's and in which Chinese traditional and Western painting styles were combined. , and , which were painted by Jubang in the mid T'ang period, were the developmentally succeeded the figure painting style of the previous times, illustrating even the psychological and emotional states of painted figures in a sophisticated way. Skin make-ups shown in figure paintings of the T'ang period are mostly baekjang in type. Besides, other different types of the make=up such as bihajang, dohwajang and juwoonjang can be seen. The paintings, show that the tone of skin got more and more red as the times moved from the early to the late T'ang periods because rouge was more and more used as the times passed between the periods. As a type of forehead make-up, aekhwang is found in Janghwon's and of the late T'ang period. Hwajeon is seen in lots of figure paintings made between the Prosperous the late T'ang periods. Most eyelid make-ups shown in the figure paintings are round-shaped wolmi and yuhyeopmi in type. Besides, other creative types like gyeyeopmi, paljami and iljami are found. Lips are found made up clearer and more red as the times went from the early and the late T'ang periods. The types of cheek make-up like sahong and jangyeop can't be found in figure paintings of the T'ang period.