• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2000

Objectives : Meridian Scraping Therapy(MST: Kwal-Sa: 刮痧) has not well known in Korea. But it's a kind of Traditional Physical Therapy wide spreaded in China and Taiwan. So I want to introduce this new Therapy by summarizing the basic theories and practical manipulations. Conclusions : To analyse the meaning of the character Kwal-Sa, Kwal(刮) means scraping the skin by some tools and Sa(痧) means originally the red spots on skin of measles but in this therapy it's the red spot on skin after the treatment. Meridian Scraping Therapy is based on the meridiology and holism which are the basic theory of Oriental Medicine. The main effects of Meridian Scraping Therapy are draining of pathogenic factors, promoring the flow of ki and blood, tonify yang, balancing the harmony of intemal organs and enhancing the immuno-ability in body. Rhinoceros corpus is common matrial of MST-plate which is the tool of manipulation. And by this plate several manipulation is performed according to the symptom and the locations of pain. The merits of MST are that easily learned by practician, the effects of the treatment are very quickly manifest and no significant side-effects. And additionally this therapy performed not only for treat diseases but prevent it and preserve health.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1982

This study was taken to clarify the clinical signs and macroscopical lesions of pigs naturally infected with hog cholera. The clinical and macroscopical observation on the natural cases of hog cholera and experimental cases inoculated with ALD Virus and isolated virus strains were carried out. The results obtained are as follow; In clinical inspection of the natural cases, diarrhea (73.1%) blotching of ear (50.0%), staggering (42.3%), erythema of skin (40.0%), constipation (38.5%), conjunctivitis (32.7%) and dyspnea (30.8%) were observed. Dyspnea, constipation and erythema of skin were observed mainly in the experimental cases, however, staggering and conjunctivitis in pigs infected with ALD virus were found and convulsion and hemorrhage of skin of pigs infected with isolated virus were seen, respectively. The gross lesions of natural cases were hemorrhage of lymph node (82.5%), enteritis and hemorrhage of large intestine (65.0%), splenic infarction (57.5%), pneumonia (55.0%), gastritis and hemorrhage (52.5%), cardiac hemorrhage (40.0%) and renal petechiation (37.5%), while in the experimental cases, hemorrhage of lymph node, pneumonia, gastritis and hemorrhage, enteritis and hemorrhage of laryge intestine and splenic infarction were seen mainly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.555-564
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• 2021

Background: Ginsenosides of Panax ginseng are used to enhance skin health and beauty. The present study aimed to investigate the potential use of ginsenoside Rf (Rf) from Panax ginseng as a new anti-pigmentation agent. Methods: The anti-melanogenic effects of Rf were explored. The transcriptional activity of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) and the expression levels of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase-related proteins (Tyrps) were evaluated in melanocytes and UV-irradiated ex vivo human skin. Results: Rf significantly inhibited Forskolin (FSK) or UV-stimulated melanogenesis. Consistently, cellular tyrosinase activity and levels of MITF, tyrosinase, and Tyrps were downregulated. Furthermore, Rf suppressed MITF promoter activity, which was stimulated by FSK or CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) overexpression. Increased CREB phosphorylation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity induced by FSK were also mitigated in the presence of Rf. Conclusion: Rf can be used as a reliable anti-pigmentation agent, which has a scientifically confirmed and reproducible action mechanism, via inhibition of CREB/MITF pathway.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.267-279
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• 2019

The study studied dermal protection and crease improvement from the sunlight of the lipid extract and narinjin. Sunlight was investigated in HR-1 (motherless mice) to identify changes in epithelial thickness and changes in collagen fibers, which account for around 90% of dermis, as the inhibitory efficacy of collagenase dissolving collagen also plays an important role in wrinkles. The experiment was validated using narinjin and jisil extract. First: The components of jisil and narinjin were analyzed. Second, antioxidant capabilities were confirmed with DPPH. Third: The inhibitory activity of collagen was measured. Studies have shown that the skin's upper skin thickness suppression of dermal extracts and narinzine has increased and that collagen thicknesses and wrinkles have decreased significantly compared to controls.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt the cellular redox balance, exert cytotoxic effects, and consequently promote the development of various diseases in humans. Previous studies have reported that antioxidants counteract the adverse effects of ROS. Several studies examine the whitening effects of various agents based on their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase is a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, which protects the skin against radiation. Various agents exhibiting antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities have been synthesized. However, these synthetic drugs are associated with toxicity, decreased safety, and poor skin penetration in vivo, which has limited the clinical application of synthetic drugs. This study examined the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some microalgae. The methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of four microalgal species (Tetraselmis tetrathele, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Platymonas sp., and Chaetoceros simplex) were prepared. The physiological and whitening effects of microalgal extracts were investigated by measuring the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate extract of D. tertiolecta exhibited the highest antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Future studies must focus on examining the whitening effects of microalgae on cell lines to facilitate the development of microalga-based therapeutics for skin diseases, functional health foods, and whitening agents. Thus, microalgae have potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.276-284
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• 2013

This study compared levels of health and dietary behavior practices and health beliefs according to the stage of weight loss behavior change of Korean male workers. A self-administered survey questionnaire was collected from 411 male adult workers residing in Seoul, Kyeonggi, Chungcheong region. Practices of health related behavior, including smoking, drinking, exercise, work related physical activity, and dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were evaluated. In addition, the levels of perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived cue to action from the health belief model were measured according to the stages of weight loss behavior change. Significant differences in BMI, level of daily exercise, and practices of dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were observed among stages of weight loss behavior change. Subjects who were in action/maintenance stage showed a more desirable level of health behavior and health belief model variables, except perceived barrier. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that subjects with different stages of behavior change need an appropriate specific nutrition education method and material for improvement of nutrition education efficacy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.245-252
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• 2014

Arsenic is a unique element with distinct physical characteristics and toxicity whose importance in public health is well recognized. The toxicity of arsenic varies across its different forms. While the carcinogenicity of arsenic has been confirmed, the mechanisms behind the diseases occurring after acute or chronic exposure to arsenic are not well understood. Inorganic arsenic has been confirmed as a human carcinogen that can induce skin, lung, and bladder cancer. There are also reports of its significant association to liver, prostate, and bladder cancer. Recent studies have also suggested a relationship with diabetes, neurological effects, cardiac disorders, and reproductive organs, but further studies are required to confirm these associations. The majority of research to date has examined cancer incidence after a high exposure to high concentrations of arsenic. However, numerous studies have reported various health effects caused by chronic exposure to low concentrations of arsenic. An assessment of the health effects to arsenic exposure has never been performed in the South Korean population; thus, objective estimates of exposure levels are needed. Data should be collected on the biological exposure level for the total arsenic concentration, and individual arsenic concentration by species. In South Korea, we believe that biological exposure assessment should be the first step, followed by regular health effect assessments.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.618-622
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• 2017

Various bioactive substances are found in Loranthus tanakae, including quercetin 3-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol 3-rhamnoside (2), rhamnetin 3-rhamnoside (3), and rhamnocitrin 3-rhamnoside (4), which inhibit tyrosinase. These compounds are mainly found in the EtOAc fraction of L. tanakae extract and demonstrate higher rates of tyrosinase inhibition than ascorbic acid, which was used as a control. Our results suggest that L. tanakae extracts can be utilized in skin whitening cosmetics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7415-7419
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• 2013

The diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended in hematological malignancy patients and before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Guidelines for the prevention and management of infectious complications of solid organ transplantation, 2004). Compared to traditional methods such as tuberculin skin test (TST), T-SPOT.TB has been shown to be more specific. In the present study we enrolled 536 patients for whom T-SPOT.TB was performed, among which 295 patients also received the TST test. The agreement (79%) between T-SPOT.TB and TST was poor (x=0.274, P<0.001). The patients with positive T-SPOT.TB results numbered 62 (11.6%), in which only 20 (48.8%) of the 41 receiving the TST test had positive results. A majority of the patients with T-SPOT.TB positive results had some other evidence ofTB, such as TB history, clinical symptoms and an abnormal chest CT scan. Active TB was found in 9 patients, in which 2 had negative TST results. We followed up the patients and no one developed active TB. Our study suggested that the T-SPOT.TB may be more useful for screening LTBI and active TB in hematological malignancy patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients than the TST test.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.142-148
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• 2013

Background: To elucidate the relationship between seven occupational dermatoses (ODs) and 20 types of work in Greece. Methods: This was a prevalence epidemiologic study of certain ODs among 4,000 workers employed in 20 types of enterprise, in 104 companies, in 2006-2012, using data from company medical records, questionnaires, occupational medical, and special examinations. The ${\chi}^2$ test was applied to reveal statistically significant relationships between types of enterprises and occurrence of ODs. Results: A high percentage (39.9%) of employees included in the study population suffered from ODs. The highest prevalence rates were noted among hairdressers (of contact dermatitis: 30%), cooks (of contact dermatitis: 29.5%), bitumen workers (of acne: 23.5%), car industry workers (of mechanical injury: 15%), construction workers (of contact urticaria: 29.5%), industrial cleaning workers (of chemical burns: 13%), and farmers (of malignant tumors: 5.5%).We observed several statistical significant correlations between ODs (acute and chronic contact dermatitis, urticaria, mechanical injury, acne, burns, skin cancer) and certain types of enterprises. There was no statistically significant correlation between gender and prevalence of ODs, except for dermatoses caused by mechanical injuries afflicting mainly men [${\chi}^2(1)=13.40$, p < 0.001] and for chronic contact dermatitis [${\chi}^2(1)=5.53$, p=0.019] afflicting mainly women. Conclusion: Prevalence of ODs is high in Greece, contrary to all official reports by the Greek National Institute of Health. There is a need to introduce a nationwide voluntary surveillance system for reporting ODs and to enhance skin protection measures at work.