• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between variables related to skin health and skin health behavior of female university students in seoul, and to plan effective educational programs for skin health. 322 university women attending women's universities and 363 university women attending co-educational universities were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey; the total number of examines was 685, and the examination period was from October 23rd to November 6th, 2002. The study results are as follows; 1. The score distributions of skin health behavior were as follows; 8.7% of examniees got 20-40 points, 51.6% got 41-60 points, 36.7% got 61-80 points, 0.4% got 81-100 points. The maximum score was 100 points; the lowest score was 22 points and the highest score was 97 points, the average score was 56.9 points. 2. The general characters were as follows; the older subjects were and the higher subjects income levels were : the higher their scores of skin health behavior were. Scores of skin health behavior of students who temporarily stay out of school were higher than those who were enrolled full time. Scores of skin health behavior of university women attending women's universities were higher than those of university women attending co-educational universities. The greater subjects were satisfied with their appearances, the better their health states were, the more subjects were concerned about health problems, the higher their health states were, the more subjects were concerned about health problems, the higher their scores of skin health behavior were. 3. Characters related to skin were as follows; the better subjects skin conditions were, the higher their scores of skin health behavior were. Scores of skin health behavior of university women whose skin types were 'sensitive' were higher than those of university women whose skin was "not sensitive". Scores of skin health behavior of university women who worry about their skin wrinkles or skin color were higher than those of university women who have different kinds of skin troubles. Scores of skin health behavior of university women who get skin-relate information through dermatology clinics or beauty salonspecialists in this area were higher than those of university women who get the information through other sources. Scores of skin health behavior of university women who have experienced adverse effects of beauty products were higher than those of university women who have not experienced adverse effects of beauty products. 4. The relationships between variables related with skin health and skin health behavior were as follow; Skin states, health status and health concerns all had statistically significant correlation with skin health behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2019

Purpose : Wellness tourism is defined as travel for the purpose of promoting health and well-being through physical, psychological, or spiritual activities. The development and verification of a comprehensive wellness program for health care for workers is needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wellness and skin health effects of skin health programs in order to develop high-value health care services. Methods : The subjects were 15 middle-aged women who understood the research and volunteered and participated in the two-day skin health wellness program. Participants were measured to determine their wellness index and skin health twice: before and after participating in the program. Wellness index measures include comprehensive wellness, physical wellness, mental wellness, emotional wellness, social/cultural wellness, financial wellness, and environmental wellness. Skin health measurement items consisted of skin oil, skin water, skin pore, skin elasticity, skin wrinkle, and skin pigment. The skin wellness program included aerobic exercise, endurance exercise, functional food, cosmetics, herbal tea, massages, spa treatments, meditation, and marine leisure sports. The t-test analysis was used to compare the difference between wellness index and skin health measurement items before and after the program. Results : Among the wellness index items, the comprehensive wellness index (p<.05), mental wellness index (p<.05) and environmental wellness index (p<.05) showed statistically significant differences. Among skin health items, skin oil (p<.05), skin elasticity (p<.01) and skin wrinkle (p<.01) all showed statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in physical wellness, emotional wellness, social/cultural wellness, financial wellness, skin water, skin pore and skin pigment. Conclusion : This study confirmed that the two-day complex wellness program is an effective program for some items of wellness index and skin health.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

Objectives: The researchers investigated the relationship between sleep pattern (circadian rhythm/sleep deprivation), eating habit, and the perceived skin condition of female adults, in orders to provide valuable information to women who want to maintain healthy skin and professionals in health promotion. Methods: The participants were 297 female adults whose ages ranged from 20 to 60 (M=35.14, SD=10.37). The questionnaires and psychological tests used in this research included the following: Circadian Rhythm Questionnaire, Sleep Deprivation Scale, Eating Habit Questionnaire, Skin Condition Questionnaire, Scale for Perceived Skin Health. Results: Results indicated that evening type women had more fatty skin and felt their skins less healthier than morning type. Although women who did not deprived their sleep had more fatty and sensitive skin and felt their skins less healthier than women who deprived their sleep, sleep deprivation was positively related to the morningness, and the morningness was negatively related to the preference of fatty and spicy foods. Only the preference of fatty foods among eating habit was positively related to the fatty and sensitive skin, and negatively to the perceived skin health. Regression analyses with circadian rhythm and the preference of fatty foods revealed that only circadian rhythm was significant predictor for the fatty skin, while the preference of fatty foods was only significant predictor for the sensitive skin and the perceived skin health. And, circadian rhythm and the preference of fatty foods accounted for around 12.0% variance of the fatty skin. Conclusion: This study reiterates the roles of fatty foods on skin health, and found the role of circadian rhythm on skin health, and it is needed to explore the relationship between sleep deprivation and skin condition further. These results may provide useful information for health practitioners.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2015

Skin is the first line of defense for protecting our bodies against external perturbations, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, mechanical/chemical stress, and bacterial infection. Nutrition is one of many factors required for the maintenance of overall skin health. An impaired nutritional status alters the structural integrity and biological function of skin, resulting in an abnormal skin barrier. In particular, the importance of micronutrients (such as certain vitamins and minerals) for skin health has been highlighted in cell culture, animal, and clinical studies. These micronutrients are employed not only as active compounds in therapeutic agents for treating certain skin diseases, but also as ingredients in cosmetic products. Here, the author describes the barrier function of the skin and the general nutritional requirements for skin health. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential roles and current knowledge of selected micronutrients in skin health and function.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-189
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• 2018

Objectives: In this study, we analyze statistics on industrial accidents caused by chemical skin contact and provide skin toxicity hazard information on the related domestic system and circulation volumes. Methods and Results: We analyzed occupational fatalities and skin diseases caused by chemical leaks and contact from 2007 to 2016(10 years) and surveyed data on occupational skin diseases using the 2014 work environment survey data. The NIOSH Skin Notation Profiles for 57 chemical substances, which are provided to prevent occupational skin diseases, were searched and hazard information on skin contact with chemical substances was classified. In order to identify skin toxicity information among domestically distributed and legally regulated substances and to investigate skin-toxic substances, MSDS basic data on 19,740 chemical substances provided on the homepage of Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency were searched. Acute toxicity(dermal) category 1-4 substances totaled 1,020, and the number of chemical substances classified as category 1 and 2 substances were 135 and 137, respectively. In the chemical substances prescribed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, 173 substances were classified into acute toxicity(dermal) categories 1-4, 58 of which correspond to category 1 or 2. Conclusions: Within the present range of industrial accidents, the proportion of skin diseases due to contact with chemicals is not high. However, there is always a risk of occupational skin diseases due to increasing chemicals and due to the use of new chemicals. It is hoped that this information will be used by workplace safety and health officials and health and safety experts to prevent acute toxity(dermal) due to chemical skin contact.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.678-690
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to identify skin health status and the factors influencing skin hydration in the institutionalized elderly. Methods: The subjects were 139 elders living in 2 nursing homes in Seoul. Data for skin health status were collected by measurement of skin hydration, sebum, trans-epidermal water loss and pH using Corneometer, Sebumeter, Tewameter and Skin pH-meter on face, flank, arm and leg. Baseline data were collected by a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Skin hydration and pH were relatively low especially on arms and legs but sebum and TEWL were not low, relatively. There were significant differences in skin health status according to gender, smoking, alcohol intake, and bath cleanser. There was significant positive correlation between skin-hydration and bath-time, TEWL and bath-frequency. Smoking, bath-cleanser, bath-time. pH and gender were identified as the significant influencing factors of skin hydration. Conclusion: Smoking, bath-time and pH need to be considered as important control factors for increasing skin health status in the institutionalized elderly.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to explore women's beauty industry market and growth development by identifying the main factors of women's perception of skin health care. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey was conducted on women aged 20 to 60 living in Seoul. For the statistical analysis, frequency analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted, and significant differences in p<0.05 were tested through the multiple range test of the Scheffe. The factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity of questions, and the reliability was determined by the coefficient of Cronbach's α. Results - The lower the age, the higher the perception of the skin, and women pay a higher price for skin health as a provisional customer. 'Acne care' was the most common skin condition (32.8%), 'life style' (79.8%) was the most important part of skin care. Final education was the highest level of skin care for women with a professional background (M=3.41) (F=4.028, p<.05). Conclusions - The differences in the recognition of health knowledge by age, marital status, and household monthly income were significant, but there was no difference between jobs and final education. Customers who use less skin care than customers who frequently use the skin care center were more aware of skin health, and women who have a high awareness of skin are more interested in aging and regenerating due to the skin care.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.273-284
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• 2000

The objective of this study consists on clarifying what factors are influenced upon skin care behavior using fender's Health Promotion Model, widely used to anticipate practices of health care behavior for women with keen interest in skin care and then manifesting their correlations from July 1 to August 22, 1998, on 159 women interested in skin care. A subvariable included practice of skin care behavior and independent variables include general characteristics, health fitness, the level of agreement with the advantages of the perceived skin care behavior, the level of cognition of the necessity for skin care behavior The data collected processed with ANOVA and multiple regression analysis to clarify what factors among other independent variables have the most powerful effects upon skin care. The resultant findings were revealed, as follows : 1. In health care behavior among skin care behavior,'full ingestion of water' represented the highest value by 3.45 points, 2. The testees of this study had for the most part a higher level of cognition for the necessity for skin care behavior than for practice of skin care behavior. The more points they have for cognition of the necessity for skin care behavior, the more points they present for practice of skin care behavior. 3. From the perspective of the relationship between sociometic factors on the testees and their skin care behavior, the higher level married women were on (p<0.05) and the more points they have for economic status, the higher points were reflected . 4. The correlations between the testees' recognition or perception factors and points for practice of skin health state showed the higher points than the group who thought that they did not know their own skin health state (p<0.05). The higher the points of skin care fitness (p<0.0001), the higher the points of self-awareness (p<0.0001) 5. The factors that had the most powerful influence upon cognition and practice of women's skin care behavior were found, with statistical significance, to be adjustable factors such as age, smoking, drinking habit, economic status, etc. and points of cognition of the necessity for skin care behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

Objectives: We investigated the status of accidents and deaths caused by chemical leakage and skin contact in Korea. The purpose of this study was to produce and provide technical reference data for the efficient management of accidents and the rational management of accidental chemicals. Methods: Accidents and deaths caused by chemical leakage and skin contact in industry were investigated. Based on 68 accident reports related to chemical leakage and skin contact, the causes of accidental deaths were analyzed. In addition, we investigated the chemical substances and articles that caused these accidents and deaths. Based on the results of the investigation, the causes of accidents caused by chemical leakage and skin contact were identified and practical management measures for the chemicals were suggested. Results and Conclusions: In 2018, 372 people suffered from chemical leaks and skin contact, up by 123 (about 49.4%) from the previous year. The number of accident deaths was 14, an increase of five (about 55.6%) from the previous year. In the last three years (2016-2018), 91 chemical substances and article groups were involved in accidents caused by chemical leakage and skin contact. There were 16 chemical substance and article groups involved in accidental deaths. There were ten cases of accidents involving two or more casualties due to chemical leakage and skin contact, and 23 deaths occurred. Most of these accidental deaths were caused by subcontractor workers outsourcing risks. Therefore, there is an apparent need to strengthen the responsibility for safety and health among subcontractors.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

Chemicals for cosmetics, including skin, the skin absorbs some of the research in the field of science or pharmacy recently, about the environment and the health of the heightened interest in skin absorption, and many other human attributes and absorption evaluation studies are underway in various areas. In this study, The effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed with cysteine and bases using rat. Results are as follows; the content of penetration 4 hours later with steady state and no significant changeable after 20 hours later. In cysteine groups lag time and permeability coefficient of young skin is 3.32hr and $0.102{\mu}g/cm^2{\cdot}hr$, lag time and permeability coefficient of old skin is 4.04hr and $0.106{\mu}g/cm^2{\cdot}hr$. In conclusion of study lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin are faster than healthy skin. We notified that fine rinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin.