• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 1994

The author evaluated the nasal asymmetry after primary operations in the patients with unilateral cleft lip using full face photographs. The results are as follows : 1. Nasal deviation angle is average 2.98+3.01 degree(ranged from 0 to 10 degree), significantly different from control group(p<0.05). 2. Nasal deviation angle is average 5.1% when inter-medial canthal distance is 100%, significantly different from control group(p<0.05). 3. Difference in nostril size between cleft and noncleft side is 2.1% when inter-medial canthal distance is 100%, significantly different from control group(p<0.05). 4. Nasal attractiveness analysis shows higher points in difference in nostril size, nasal deviation, nasal form in that order. 5. Nasal asymmetry after primary operations in the patients with unilateral cleft lip using full face photographs is related with Nasal deviation angle, Nasal deviation distance and Difference in nostril size between cleft and noncleft side.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2003

Synthesis and characteristics of Cu nanopowder were considered by in-situ characterization method using SMPS in pulsed wire evaporation process. With increasing pressure in chamber, particle size and degree of agglomeration increased by increase of collision frequency. Also, it was found from the XRD analyses and BET measurements that crystallite size and particle size decreased with elevating applied voltage. However, SMPS measurements and TEM observation revealed the increase of particle size and degree of agglomeration with increase of applied voltage. These results suggested that particle growth and agglomeration depend on overheating factor in chamber at the early stage and thermal coagulation in filtering system during powder formation until collection.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.677-686
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• 2019

This study helps out-size consumers purchase ready-made clothes and improve fitness by classifying the lower bodies of abdomen-obese adult males in their 20s and older; in addition, it creates a size system based on each size interval of obesity type. The criteria for the 559 male subjects surveyed in this study were over $25kg/m^2$ of BMI, over 90 cm of waist, and over 0.85 waist hip ratio. The results are as follows. First, the higher the age group, the higher the degree of abdominal obesity in each age group. The degree of obesity then decreases somewhat as their age increases; however, the risk of abdominal obesity also increases. Second, 3 clusters were categorized by cluster analysis, into abdominal obesity, larger oval-type, trapezoid-type and small cylinder-type. Third, the size system establishment according to lower-body types resulted in basic body sizes and reference body sizes being different according to types even in commonly-appeared size names in the sections of respective types. The above research findings show it is necessary to understand obesity types according to waist and hip sizes that represent basic sizes and to design patterns in consideration of the characteristics of obese body shapes when lower-half body clothes are designed among obesity groups.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.686-691
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• 2010

Flash boiling takes place when the thermodynamic state of the liquid deviates from its saturation limit over which the liquid temperature exceeds by a certain degree of superheat. The liquid jet introduced into the lower pressure zone than the liquid saturation pressure experiences a sequence of the atomization and disintegrated into numerous faster and smaller droplets. In the present study spray characteristics for a flash swirl spray were experimentally investigated. Injectant temperature is raised by a high frequency dielectric heating method and local spray characteristics are instantly measured by Global Sizing Velocimetry (GSV, TSI Inc.). Dependence of dimensionless superheat degree and injection pressure on total and local SMDs and mean droplet size is quantitatively examined. The flash swirl spray has the relation in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter in order to determine the spray quality, including the dimensionless superheat degree. Small droplets occur in the void core and local droplet size distributions largely depend on the dimensionless superheat degree and the injection pressure.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1994

This study deals with the degree of enclosure on the Court Space in 'Suh-Won' that has warious perceptual composition elements. 1. The size of Court Space in which we can read the complexion of others and easily understand every behavior of them is similar to that of the 'Madang' in the Korean traditional houses. 2. The angles of elevation are within the range of suitable enclosure as going from the center of the court Space to 'Kang-Dang' and the space -from the center of the Court Space to 'Kang-Dang'- is restricted and surrounded. It is also within the range of the least enclosure as going from the center of the Court Space to the 'Mun-Ru'. 3. The degrees of enclosure based on the horizontal angle are within the degree we can perceive the objects of structure easily. 4. The degree of enclosure based on the ratio D/H is increased as approaching from 'Mun-Ru' to 'Kang-Dang'. The distance as approaching from 'Mun-Ru' to 'Kang-Dang' is changed from social distance to personal distance. To conclude this the Court Space in 'Suh-Won' represents the hierarchical system with variety and the degree of enclosure and the size of space are within the range of human scale.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.58-68
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• 1999

Purpose of this thesis is to find out the relationship among the amount of change and the visual cognition, and the visual preference which people like and can feel. Through the investigation of relationships between the amount of change, which indicates the degree of visual variation and the visual preference, the amount of change and the visual cognition, and the visual preference and the visual cognition, basic design data will be supplied, which can satisfy users' desire as much as possible in the most economic way. In order to investigate the relationship between the visually produced the amount of change and preferences, graphic simulation, in which variables other than the visual change are controlled, has been proceeded. Graphic factors of the visual change in the cyber exterior space are determined on the point of location (base plane, vertical plane, overhead plane), shape, size and color. As for the relationship between the amount of change and the preference, only the size is effective. since preferences on the location, shape and color are individual preferences, no common trend can be found. Therefore, we cannot say that which shape or color is better, Since the location, shape and color are qualitative change and the size is the quantitative change, the size can be the measurable change quantity. The relationship between the amount of change of size and the degree of preference is found to be inverse U-shape, i.e., as the amount of change of size increases the degree of preference first increases and, after a certain level, decreases. The same result has been obtained in photo simulation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1149-1160
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• 1999

In order to investigate the influence of being self-consciousness of one's body size on clothing behavior we measured body size of Korean female college students directly and examined by questionnaire the degree of being self-conciousness of their body size the aspired clothing behavior and the actual clothing behavior. In addition after classifying the subjects into groups according to the degree of obesity we also examined the difference in the actual clothing behavior among the groups./ The results are as follows: 1) On the item of girth of the body parts the subjects felt thicker in the proximal and lower part of the body than in the distal and upper part of the body. And with respect to the style which exposes body silhouette the disparity between the aspired and actual clothing behavior was greater in the parts that the subjects felt thick. 2) After investigating the relationship between the aspired and the actual clothing behavior we found out that the style which subjects wanted to put on but actually did not was the style that exposes body silhouette and the style which subjects didn't want to put on but actually did was the style covers the body silhouette. 3) There was significant correlation between the subjects' consciousness of their body size and their actual clothing behavior. The self-consciousness of body size on actual dressing tend to influence the clothing for lower body more than the other parts. 4) The subjects were classified into lean normal and obese groups. There were significant differences among the groups in the frequency of wearing the clothing that expose body silhouette. The obese group had a tendency to avoid this clothing style.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.235-257
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• 2007

In order to achieve the purpose, the present study reviews first research papers, both domestic and foreign, related to the e-SCM; it, then, sorts out the variables, economic and otherwise, that are believed to be the most important to the adaption factors of the e-SCM on Korean Hospitals. In recent days a growing concensus has been emerging among Korean Hospitals that a e-Supply Chain Management(SCM hereafter), if properly introduced and effectively managed, could secure a competitive edge in their Hospital business. Therefore, there is an urgent heed for an study that will attempt to find out the most significant factors, and most proprice Hospital environment, affecting the implementation of e-SCM in Korean Hospitals. For this study, 101 questionnaires were collected from the employee who is work at Korean Hospitals. We will make the concept by each variable clear through manipulative definition of each variable, also we will compose questions for the characteristics by each variable to be reflected. In relation to the questions required for the data analyses, 5 points Likert scale will use. The main findings are as follows: The relationship between the hospital types, hospital size and employee size and adaption degree of e-SCM was analyzed, respondents who had higher degree of hospital size and employee size showed higher level of adaption of e-SCM Regression analyses were carried out to examine the relative contribution of three set of variables on the adaption degree of e-SCM. This study explains that hospital environment factor, partner factor and IT infra factor are major factors in predicting the adaption degree of e-SCM. This study data has its limitation that collected by internet questionnaires. To present more solid data for the purpose of improving the study of e-SCM, further study which would complement the shortcomings is needed.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1993

Recently, large APT complexes are newly constructed in Taegu city and among them, large APT complexes aggegate densly espically in Weolsung and Jisan complexes of Dalsuh-gu and Susung-gu districts. The purpose of this thesis is to perform occupants' apprasials about residential environment on the housewifes residing at new constructed APT who seem tn have different apprasials on the residential environment by the zones. The results of the investigations are as follows. 1. House possessed type and house sire got elevated in comparison with them before shifting residence in respect to residential property and it was revealed they moved to short distance in the change of their lands. And most occupants could choose their houses by looting-out and there's some difference in the choice motive according to the zones. 2. As a result of studying the relation between demographic and residential properties, there were deep differe-nces in the Possessed house type before move, possessed house size after move, preferenti-al degree of house and move plan. 3. In the degree of satisfaction on residential environment, the result was high in the order of heating facilities, water-supply and draining facilities and lighting and was low in the order of room's size, interior decoration and soundproofin. According to zones, there was a great difference in the items of room's size, privacy, heating facilities, securi-ty from calamity, ventilation, convenience of traffic and school group and facilities for extracurricular activities and the degree of satisfaction was high in Jisan zone in othe items except for room's size and heating facilities. 4. In the tenants' apprasials on tile inside and outside spaces of the zones, important factors were "Cultural Institutions", "Green Areas", "Level of Welfare Facilities" and "Utility degree of welfare facilities" and in the classification of important factors according to the zones, the first and the third factors were changed each other. I think this is because they attached importance to somethings dissatisfied in present circumstances.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1333-1344
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• 2024

Objective: Litter size and piglet loss at birth significantly impact piglet production and are closely associated with sow parity. Understanding how these traits vary across different parities is crucial for effective herd management. This study investigates the patterns of the number of born alive piglets (NBA), number of piglet losses (NPL), and the proportion of piglet losses (PPL) at birth in Landrace sows under tropical conditions. Additionally, it aims to identify the most suitable model for describing these patterns. Methods: A dataset comprising 2,322 consecutive reproductive records from 258 Landrace sows, spanning parities from 1 to 9, was analyzed. Modeling approaches including 2nd and 3rd degree polynomial models, the Wood gamma function, and a longitudinal model were applied at the individual level to predict NBA, NPL, and PPL. The choice of the best-fitting model was determined based on the lowest mean and standard deviation of the difference between predicted and actual values, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results: Sow parity significantly influenced NBA, NPL, and PPL (p<0.0001). NBA increased until the 4th parity and then declined. In contrast, NPL and PPL decreased until the 2nd parity and then steadily increased until the 8th parity. The 2nd and 3rd degree polynomials, and longitudinal models showed no significant differences in predicting NBA, NPL, and PPL (p>0.05). The 3rd degree polynomial model had the lowest prediction standard deviation and yielded the smallest AIC and BIC. Conclusion: The 3rd degree polynomial model offers the most suitable description of NBA, NPL, and PPL patterns. It holds promise for applications in genetic evaluations to enhance litter size and reduce piglet loss at birth in sows. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for sow parity effects in swine breeding programs, particularly in tropical conditions, to optimize piglet production and sow performance.