• 대한피부과학회지
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.614-619
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• 2018

Background: Scabies is a contagious skin infestation primarily observed in poor or overcrowded environments. However, an individual may be affected regardless of hygiene and/or socioeconomic status, and/or age. Objective: To investigate the characteristics and epidemiology of scabies in patients visiting a single tertiary hospital in Jeonbuk province. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 194 patients with scabies who visited the Dermatology clinic at Wonkwang University Hospital between June 2015 and May 2018. Results: Of the 194 patients investigated, 82 (42.3%) were men and 112 (57.7%) were women. The mean age of men was 46.3 years and that of women was 60.1 years. Scabies was diagnosed in patients most commonly in autumn. The most common symptom of scabies was the occurrence of papules (83.5%) followed by the presence of burrows (23.2%). The most common route of infection was a nursing hospital (26.3%), except unknown (29.4%). Medications used to treat scabies included 5% permethrin cream, 10% crotamiton ointment, and 1% gamma benzene hexachloride lotion. The mean duration of treatment was 33.9 days using 5% permethrin cream, 34.8 days using 10% crotamiton ointment, and 34.6 days using 1% gamma benzene hexachloride lotion. Conclusion: This study could help in the prevention and management of scabies, by guiding clinicians in choosing optimal therapeutic agents based on patients' condition.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Pitch trajectories reflect a continuous variation of vocal fold movements over time. This study examined the pitch trajectories of English vowels produced by 139 American English speakers, statistically analyzing their trajectories using the Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs). First, Praat was used to read the sound data of Hillenbrand et al. (1995). A pitch analysis script was then prepared, and six pitch values at the corresponding time points within each vowel segment were collected and checked. The results showed that the group of men produced the lowest pitch trajectories, followed by the groups of women, boys, then girls. The density line showed a bimodal distribution. The pitch values at the six corresponding time points formed a single dip, which changed gradually across the vowel segment from 204 to 193 to 196 Hz. The normality tests performed on the pitch data rejected the null hypothesis. Nonparametric tests were therefore conducted to discover the significant differences in the values among the four groups. The GAMMs, which analyzed all the pitch data, produced significant results among the pitch values at the six corresponding time points but not between the two groups of boys and girls. The GAMMs also revealed that the two groups were significantly different only at the first and second time points. Accordingly, the methodology of this study and its findings may be applicable to future studies comparing curvilinear data sets elicited by experimental conditions.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2005

목적 자기공명영상에 의해 진단된 척추 압박골절에 대하여 성별 및 나이별 발생빈도, 발생부위, 발생원인 등 임상적 특성을 분석하여 임상에서 참고 자료로 활용 할 수 있도록 하였다. 대상 및 방법 S 대학병원에서 2002년 1월부터 2004년12월 까지 자기공명영상 검사를 시행하여 척추 압박골절로 진단된 183명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과 1. 대상자 183명의 일반적 특성은 남자 70명(38.0%), 여자 113명(62.0%) 이었다. 2. 183명 중 단일 압박골절은 111명(60.7%)으로 남자는 38명(34.0%), 여자는 73명(66.0%)명 이었으며 60대 여성이 가장 많았다. 3. 다발성 압박골절은 183명 중 72명(39.3%) 이었고, 발생빈도 수는 182건으로 이는 한 명의 유소견자가 하나 이상의 level에 압박골절을 가지고 있는 경우를 분류한 것이며 남자가 70건(38.0%), 여자가 112건(62.0%)이었고, 60대와 70대 여자에서 많은 빈도를 보였다. 4. 압박골절의 발생부위는 $T11{\sim}L2$에 전체의 $70%{\sim}75%$가 발생하였다. 5. 전체 183명에 대한 압박골절의 원인별 발생 빈도는 남자의 경우 외상에 의한 골절이 41.4%로 가장 많았고, 여자는 골다공증에 의한 것이 70.0%로 가장 많았으며 남자와 여자를 합한 경우에는 골다공증에 의한 척추 압박골절이 56.8%로 가장 많았다. 결론 자기공명영상으로 진단된 척추 압박골절의 임상적 소견에서 단일 압박골절을 가지고 있는 경우가 다발성 압박골절 보다 약간 많았으며 단일성이나 다발성 모두 호발부위는 흉요추 이행 부위($T11{\sim}L2$)였다. 또한 원인별 발생 빈도는 골다공증에 의한 척추 압박골절이 가장 많은 것을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.510-522
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사 제7기 (2016-2018년) 자료를 활용하여 가구 유형에 따른 빈혈 유병률과 식이 섭취와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 빈혈 유병률은 남성 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 높았으며, 여성은 다인 가구가 1인 가구보다 높았다. 식품 섭취량은 남성 1인 가구는 다인 가구보다 총 식품 섭취량, 견과류, 채소류, 과일류, 생선류, 해조류의 섭취량이 낮았으며, 우유류, 유지류, 가공식품 섭취량이 높았다. 또한 남성 1인 가구는 다인 가구보다 식물성 식품을 통한 철 섭취량이 적었으며, 철의 영양섭취량과 영양 밀도, 영양소섭취기준 RNI 대비 섭취비율이 낮았고, 75% RNI 미만 섭취비율과 EAR 미만 섭취비율이 더 높았다. 여성 1인 가구는 다인 가구보다 해조류의 섭취량이 적었고, 우유류의 섭취량이 많았다. 남성과 여성 모두 KHEI 총점은 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 낮았다. 교란인자를 보정하여 가구 유형과 빈혈 위험도의 관계를 분석하였을 때에는 남성 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 빈혈 위험도가 높았으나, 여성은 관련을 보이지 않았다. 또한, 남성과 여성 모두 총 KHEI 점수와 가구 유형별 빈혈 위험도는 관련성이 없었다. 결론적으로, 우리나라의 1인 가구와 빈혈 유병율이 증가하는 가운데, 남성 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 식이 요인으로 인한 빈혈 위험이 더 높음이 확인되었기에, 남성 1인 가구에서의 빈혈 예방 및 관리를 위한 식사지침이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-273
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of the effective minimum wage, defined as the log difference between the minimum and the median wages, on wage inequalities in the OECD countries. Unlike the previous studies that focus on single countries in which the minimum wage has no cross-sectional variation and rely instead on within-country variations of wage distribution across regions or socio-economic characteristics, we use a country panel that allows for both cross-sectional and time-series variations in minimum wage. We also control for more factors than in the previous studies whose absence may cause endogeneity. Our results confirm the previous findings that increases in minimum wage alleviate the wage inequality at the lower tail of the wage distribution, while having little effect at the upper tail. The estimated effect is larger for women than for men, which is consistent with the fact that the share of workers who are directly affected by the changes in minimum wage is bigger among women than men. An application of the IVs of Autor, Manning and Smith (2016) supports the robustness of our findings.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

With the recent rapid increase in single-person households, food companies are releasing small packaging and small-capacity products regardless of product line such as beverages, fresh foods, and home snacks, and food consumption patterns are also changing. Meanwhile, as a series of accidents related to food safety occurred during cost-effective consumption pursuing price-performance, more consumers wanted to choose products that have been proven safe even with higher money due to food safety anxiety. Considering the concept of 'safety' of food, this study by using the 'ordered probit model' empirically investigated whether there is a difference in the degree of preference for safety in food consumption behavior between single-person and multi-person households. Summarizing the results, it was found that women rather than men, and elderly households among young and single-person households had a higher demand for food safety. The results of marginal effects considering food safety variables show that respondents with low frequency of delivery and take-out use are considering food safety more, and that single-person households are considering safety more than multi-person households. In the future, the population structure of Korea will continue to increase in single-person and elderly households, and women's economic activities will also continue to increase. Therefore, the growing home convenience food market needs marketing strategies to secure and emphasize food safety, such as sterilizing treatment technology for hygiene and safe container development from environmental hormones, and needs a lot of support and attention to meet changes in food culture trends and demographic structure.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this trial was to compare the alignment efficiency and intermaxillary arch dimension changes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) or copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi) round archwires with increasing diameters applied sequentially to the mandibular arch. Methods: The initial alignment phase of fixed orthodontic treatment with NiTi or CuNiTi round archwires was studied in a randomly allocated sample of 66 patients. The NiTi group comprised 26 women, 10 men, and the CuNiTi ($27^{\circ}C$) group comprised 20 women, 10 men. The eligibility criteria were as follows: anterior mandibular crowding of minimum 6 mm according to Little's Irregularity Index (LII), treatment requiring no extraction of premolars, 12 to 18 years of age, permanent dentition, skeletal and dental Class I malocclusion. The main outcome measure was the alignment of the mandibular anterior dentition; the secondary outcome measure was the change in mandibular dental arch dimensions during 12 weeks. Simple randomization (allocation ratio 1:1) was used in this single-blind study. LII and mandibular arch dimensions were measured on three-dimensional digital dental models at 2-week intervals. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between NiTi and CuNiTi according to LII (p > 0.05). Intercanine and intermolar arch perimeters increased in the CuNiTi group (p < 0.001). Inter-first premolar width showed a statistically significant interaction in week ${\times}$ diameter ${\times}$ application (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effects of NiTi and CuNiTi round archwires were similar in terms of their alignment efficiency. However, the intercanine and intermolar arch perimeters, and the inter-first premolar width changes differed between groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary variables and the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in middle-aged Korean adults using data from the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because IR is closely linked with metabolic syndrome, subjects were divided into three groups according to symptoms of metabolic syndrome: the 'Normal group' without any symptoms, the 'Risk group' with one or two symptoms, and the Metabolic syndrome (MetS) group' with three or more symptoms. Subjects between the ages of 30 and 65 years with no prior diagnosis or treatment for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were selected. The number of subjects per group was as follows: 2,085 adults in the Normal group, 3,699 adults in the Risk group, and 1,160 adults in the MetS group. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with modified waist circumference cutoff values (men ${\geq}$ 90 cm, women ${\geq}$ 85 cm). Subjects with HOMA-IR > 2.0 were classified as IR. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula: (fasting plasma glucose ${\times}$ fasting plasma insulin)/22.5. Nutrients and food groups intake were obtained from a single 24-hour recall. Subjects with IR in the Normal group were more obese and less physically active than non-IR subjects. In the MetS group, subjects with IR were more obese and had a lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, compared with non-IR subjects. Men with IR in the Normal group had a tendency to consume more oils and sugars than non-IR men, while women with IR in the same group had higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary glycemic index, and dietary glycemic load than non-IR women. Women with IR in the Risk group had lower energy intake but higher intake of oils and sugars than non-IR women. In the MetS group, consumption of fruits was higher in subjects with IR than in non-IR subjects. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that dietary carbohydrate intake, including glycemic index, may be associated with IR in healthy women. Further research in prospective cohort studies in order to examine the effects of dietary carbohydrate on IR incidence will be necessary.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

Objective: To determine the correlation among three functional tests: single leg vertical jump (SLVJ), single leg hop for distance (SLHD), and single leg squat (SLSQ). Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Twenty healthy men (n=10) and women (n=10) with no history of lower extremity dysfucntion participated in this study and performed in university research laboratory. The procedures consisted of a general warm-up, a task-specific warm-up, actual testing, and a cool down. All participants performed the three tests in random order. Each test was performed three times for the dominant and non-dominant lower extremity (LE). SLVJ, SLHD, SLSQ were measured using a standard tape measure. Results: Statistically significant difference was presented between dominant LE and non-dominant LE in each function test (p<0.05). The strongest correlation was between SLVJ and SLSQ, 0.939 and 0.883 for dominant and non-dominant LE, respectively (p<0.05). The weakest correlation was between SLVJ and SLHD, 0.713 for dominant (p<0.05) and between SLSQ and SLHD, 0.739 for non-dominant (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between SLVJ and SLSQ, suggesting that each test measures similar constructs of function and can be substitutive, while weak correlation between SLSQ and SLHD suggest these two tests do not measure the same functional components and could be paired as outcome measures for the clinical assessment of LE function. It will provide physical therapist with scientific evidence for effective test combination of LE function assessment in clinical practice.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.727-737
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• 2023

본 연구는 40~60대를 위한 골프웨어 설계 및 연구개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 연 1회 이상 라운딩 활동과 골프 연습 활동을 꾸준히 하고 있는 의도표집된 대상자 64명을 대상으로 골프웨어 구매 및 선호도 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 골프웨어는 상설할인매장에서 구매하고 TV 및 인터넷광고를 통하여 정보를 활용하며, 구매빈도는 연간 1~2회로 연간 구입비 50만원~100만원 미만, 1회 지출 비용 20만원~50만원 미만이 가장 많았다. 골프웨어 구매 시 디자인을 먼저 고려하고 여성은 흰색, 남성은 검은색·회색을 가장 선호하였다. 남성은 PK 칼라의 단추여밈 스타일, 여성은 라운드 네크라인의 니트 스타일을 선호하는 편이었고 상의여유량은 여성은 세미 피티드, 피티드, 남성은 세미 피티드, 루즈한 핏을 선호하여 유의차를 보였다. 골프웨어 제작 시 고려사항으로 젊어 보이는 디자인에 대한 응답결과가 연령이 낮을수록 비율은 높아져 연령에 맞는 디자인을 우선시하여 골프활동을 위한 기능성을 반영한 골프웨어 설계가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.