• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.559-569
• /
• 2012

In this paper, the X($1{\times}2$, 10.525 GHz) and K($3{\times}6$, 24.15 GHz) bands patch array antenna having single feed line for radar detector applications is proposed. The left side of the proposed array antenna is X band array antenna and the right is K band array antenna. Two array antennas with two stubs located in the front of antennas are fed through one transmission line. If the array antennas which have the different resonance frequency are fed by one transmission line using general T-junction, it interferes each other and the array antenna lost its character. Therefore, to prevent these interferences, two stubs using open and short property of stub are designed. First of all, the performances of array antenna weren't changed when each array antennas were connected with the stub and in the end, it is found out that it was the same when the two array antennas were combined and feed through the one transmission line. The measured gain at X band is 6.47 dBi and measured gain at K band is 13.07 dBi. The experimental results agree well with the simulated ones.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 1983

The stuff was carried out in order to investigate the effect of level of feed input on AME (AME$\_$F/) and TME (AME$\_$FC/) values and of diet types of experiment on TME values of corn. yellow and soybean meal Experimental diet was fed as type of balanced diet instead of single ingredient at the level of 25. 50 and 75gm The results obtained were as follows : 1. The AME and AME$\_$F/ values of corn ana soybean meal were significantly different (P＜.05) at each level of feed input. especially at 50gm feed input. the AME and AME$\_$F/ values of corn and soybean meal were the highest of all treatments and the AME of corn between 50gm and 75gm of feed input was not found significant difference(P＞.05). 2. The TME and AME$\_$FC/ values of corn were not significantly different (P＞.05) at each feed input but those of soybean meal differed greatly (P＜.05) the fact that AME$\_$FC/ and TME values of soybean meal were the highest at 50gm of feed input was indicative that there were problems to measure AME$\_$FC/ and TME values of soybean meal. 3. There was not found significant difference (P＞.05) according to the type of diet when fed single and balanced diet.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.284-302
• /
• 1982

Development of protein resources as food has been a big issue especially in Southeast Asia region, and intake of protein is also insufficient in Korea. To cope with this shortage of protein resources and its improvement together with increased production of high nutritive animal protein, studies were carried out on feeding of Korean native goats. In the experiments were made absorption of carbohydrate and volatile fatty acid in miniature rumen, and absorption of amino acid in rumen as in vivo were conducted as part of studies on nutritional absorption in rumen. Those nutritional for improvement of feeding and management as described above are summarized as following. 1. According to the result of test on the nutritional absorption of native goat by means of miniature rumen method, absorption ratio of VFA measured at 0.5, 1 and 2 hours after injection of nutrition showed propionic acid 70-86%, acetic acid 74-87%, and lactic acid 76-89%. In the absorption of organic substances, ethyl alcohol of 0.5% showed 29-87% and lactic acid of 0.1M showed 12-27% of absorption ratio. 2. Result of absorption measurement in rumen from L-type free amino acid injection in the content of rumen vein showed lower rate at menthionine-free group compared to whole-egg amino acid injection in the content of rumen vein showed lower rate at methioine-free group compared to whole-egg amino acid group, and high absorption ratio was observed at methionine 3 times group and urea added group. Deficiency of methionine caused no change of the content in mucous membranes. 3. Absorption of amino acid in rumen muscular layer showed equal tendency as in the mucous membrane without exerting any influence of methionine deficiency. At the methionine3-times group, content of methionine and glutamine were increased by 14.7 and 4.4 times as compared to whole-egg amino acid group, an absorption ratio of glutamine, proline and valine were increased at urea added group. 4. In general, concentration of amino acid in rumen vein plasma was lower than in rumen mucous membrane and muscular layer. Absorption ratio of amino acid is decreased due to methionine deficiency, and tripling of methionine or urea adding caused increment of amino acid. Absorption pattern is thus varied depending on the composition of amino acid. 5. At the urea added group, content of ammonia-N, amino-N and urea were increased in rumen muscular layer. As the inside of goat's rumen was unable to clean thoroughly, investigation was made on remaining bacteria, however, variation of ammonia-N was affected by these bacterial content. 6. Variation in rumen structure by differential absorption of amino acid was observed by general microscope and fluorescent microscope. According to the result of observation in the methionine 3 times group, single cylinder epithelium of mucous membrane showed rather thin, and it was thick at urea added group though no significant differences existed among test groups in submucous membrane and muscular layer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 1981

Calcium and phosphorus are not only indispensable for the bone formation and body fluids equilibrium but also are major components of egg shell. It is nutritionally important, therefore, to investigate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and to search for optimum requirement of calcium and phosphorus and the availability of various sources of calcium an4 phosphorus by poultry. An attempt was made to review the nutrition of calcium and phosphorus in poultry diets. 1, Calcium and phosphorus have great interrelationship with vitamin D in their metabolisms. 2. Most of the plant-origin phosphorus are existing in phytic form and it leads to low availability when used in poultry rations, although calcium and phosphorus present in animal-origin or mineral supplements are highly available in general. 3. Calcium and phosphorus requirement from existing information indicated that 1.0% calcium and 0.7% phosphorus for broiler and egg-type chicks, and 3.5% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus for laying hen. 4. It has been recommended that calcium and phosphorus level should be increased when the feed intake was decreased or when the egg Production rate was higher or when the hens are old. 5. Mono-, ci-, tri-, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, bone meal, limestone and oyster shell u the most readily available among various sources of calcium phosphorus supplements. Soft rock phosphate, deflourinated phosphate and gypsum are somewhat inferior to the previous ones in bioavailability. 6. The effect of particle size of calcium supplements on egg shell quality and egg production rate is not yet clearly defined but recent works showed that oyster shell is more available when it was coarse and limestone is more available when it was fine in panicle. size. 7. Present data indicated that mixed feeding of oyster shell and limestone is superior to the single feeding of each on laying performance. 8. Significant interaction between phosphorus and sodium was observed, that is, excessive sodium decreased egg production in layer and body weight growth in broiler in the low phosphorus diets but increased them in the high phosphorus diets.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The goal of this study was to measure bilirubin levels over 6 hours using a transcutaneous bilirubinometer. The change in the bilirubin levels were recorded in anomogram. The natural progress of jaundice in neonates was monitored using the nomogram and cases were identified that needed further follow-up observation and treatment. Methods : The subjects of this study were 986 healthy term or near-term infants at the age of 35 weeks or older who were born at Sung-Ae General Hospital during the period from October 1, 2007 to April 30, 2009 and whose parents were both Koreans. Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were obtained using a transcutaneous bilirubinometer (Minolta, JM-103) from 6 hours of life to discharge at intervals of 6 hours. A nomogram was derived from the obtained data and compared to the delivery method, gestational age, and feeding method. Results : Percentile graphs were drawn according to time. Based on the graphs, phototherapy was necessary in more than 90 percent of the infants between 35 and 37.6 weeks of age and in 95 percent of the infants 38 weeks and older. The mean bilirubin level at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after birth were compared according to the delivery method, gestational age, and feeding method. The bilirubin level in 48 hours was significantly higher in neonates born via cesarean section delivery compared to the neonates born via vaginal delivery, however the levels were not statistically different at the other hours. Conclusion : The results of this study show the nomogram derived from hour-specific transcutaneous bilirubin levels. This information can be used to predict the risk for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.629-636
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of mammo pad made of different kinds of materials on the reduced inconvenience and compression pains of patients to examine plausible interchangeability of existing pads made of single kind of material, and to examine the changes in pains of patients taking mammography and various factors therein. The high-hardness and highly-elastic mammo pressure pads, capable of replacing existing mammo pad of "H" company, were manufactured, and the display quality of mammography obtained from respective mammo pad were compared to each other to appraise the availability of manufactured mammo pad. In addition, 200 patients, who came to a general hospital in Seoul, were selected as subjects for the survey employing a questionnaire which was distributed to the subjects from December 2018 to March 2020 to identify the factors involved with the mammo pad of patients while taking mammography. The results of mammography obtained from both of the existing and newly manufactured mammo pad revealed appropriate display qualities fell within the range of clinical criteria. Besides, the factors associated with changing compression pains of patients taking mammography were analyzed wherefrom the general factors in the following order of age, height, and BMI index appeared, while the experiential and female factors appeared as in the following order: presence of menstruation, experience of child-birth, experience of breast feeding, menopause, grade of breast, shape of breast, and experience of mammography. In conclusion, the following factors comprising the age, experience of breast feeding, experience of mammography, and menopause rendered approximately 54% of power of explaining the degree of changing pains during mammography. Regarding the changes in compression pains while taking mammography, the increasing experience of mammography of patients rendered approximately 0.26 times more at the intermediate range of compression pains and approximately 0.14 times more at the range of severe pains.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1650-1655
• /
• 2003

Crossbred gilts (n=54) of about $26.38{\pm}0.85kg$ body weight and 25 weeks of age were randomly divided into 18 groups of 3 animals each. Three dietary treatments viz., $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were formulated. The treatment $T_1$ containing maize grain (35%) and wheat bran (47%) along with soybean meal and fish meals served as control diet. Rice bran (RB) was selected as a single source of fat (13.02%) and fibre (17.12%), which was gradually increased in diets $T_2$ (41%) and $T_3$ (82%) replacing maize grain and wheat bran of $T_1$ at 50% and 100% in the diets $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. The fat and fibre levels of the diets were thus 3.46 and 5.24, 9.31and 9.69 and 11.61and 13.26% in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. All the diets, however, contained almost similar concentration of CP (18.35${\pm}0.29%$). Each dietary treatment was offered to six replicated groups of 3 piglets in following completely randomized design and feeding was continued for 112 days during the growing phase. Growth, feed utilization, reproductive performance, nutrient utilization and different blood biochemical parameters were studied. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were lower (p<0.01) in $T_3$ in comparison to $T_1$ or $T_2$. Digestibility of all the nutrients except EE was reduced significantly (p<0.01) in $T_3$. Serum glucose level decreased (p<0.01), whereas the urea and cholesterol concentration in the blood increased (p<0.01) in $T_3$. The duration of estrus of pigs fed diet containing 82% RB ($T_3$) was highly variable within the group, but all the groups showed statistically similar duration of estrous. Feed cost per unit gain was found to be comparable between control ($T_1$) and $T_2$ group. The results indicated that RB can be included up to 41% in swine diets replacing 50% of maize and wheat bran. Higher concentrations of ether extract and fibre beyond 9.31 and 9.69% in diet had detrimental effect on growth, nutrient utilization and reproductive performance.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.401-405
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to estimate the control thresholds (CTs) of imported cabbage worm, Artogeia rapae L., injuring Chinese cabbage. The second instar larvae of A. rapae were inoculated with five density levels on each Chinese cabbages transplanted three weeks earlier under greenhouse condition, and checked injury rates after allowing their feeding for one week and two weeks, respectively. The average leaf area consumed by single larvae was 657.7 $mm^2$ in plots inoculated at three weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 2495.8 $mm^2$ in plots at 6-WAT, respectively. In the field experiment, different numbers of A. rapae ranged from one to seven larvae were inoculated on 20 plants. The percent yield reduction (Y) of Chinese cabbage infested by different densities of A. rapae (X) for a three-week period was estimated by the following equation; (1) Y=1.764X-0.3049 ($R^2$=0.9901) in plots inoculated at 3-WAT; and (2) Y=1.0305X-0.2976 ($R^2$=0.9398) in plots inoculated at 6-WAT. Based on the relationships between the densities of A. rapae larvae and the yield index of Chinese cabbage, the number of second instar larvae which caused 5% loss of yield (gain threshold proposed by Japan), was estimated as 3.0 per 20 plants for the 3-WAT and 5.1 for the 6-WAT.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2003

Principles of a novel pulse growing method are described. The method realized in the crystal growing on a seed from melts under raw melt feeding provided a more reliable control of the crystallization process when producing large alkali halide crystals. The slow natural convection of the melt in the crucible at a constant melt level is intensified by rotating the crucible, while the crystal rotation favors a more symmetrical distribution of thermal stresses over the crystal cross-section. Optimum rotation parameters for the crucible and crystal have been determined. The spatial position oi the solid/liquid phase interface relatively to the melt surface, heaters and the crucible elements are considered. Basing on that consideration, a novel criterion is stated, that is, the immersion extent of the crystallization front (CF) convex toward the melt. When the crystal grows at a <> CF immersion, the raised CF may tear off from the melt partially or completely due to its weight. This results in avoid formation in the crystal. Experimental data on the radial crystal growth speed are discussed. This speed defines the formation of a gas phase layer at the crystal surface. The layer thickness il a function of time a temperature at specific values of pressure in the furnace and the free melt surface dimensions in the gap between the crystal and crucible wall. Analytical expressions have been derived for the impurity component mass transfer at the steady-state growth stage describing two independent processes, the impurity mass transfer along the <> path and its transit along the <> one. The heater (and thus the melt) temperature variation is inherent in any control system. It has been shown that when random temperature changes occur causing its lowering at a rate exceeding $0.5^{\circ}C/min$, a kind of the CF decoration by foreign impurities or by gas bubbles takes place. Short-term temperature changes at one heater or both result in local (i.e., at the front) redistribution of the preset axial growth speed.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.438-445
• /
• 1993

Raw cow manure was treated by a 4-step integrated system with phase separation anaerobic digestion and algal culture. When the first methane fermentation was performed by the effluent from the acid fermenter with retention time of 4 days, the elrerage blogas production rate was 977m1/1 culture/day Gas productivity compared to conventional single-stage anaerobic digestion increased up to 31.4%. As the 2nd methane fermenter was fed by the effluent from the first methane fermenter with 4 days of retention time, average amount of 428m1/1 culture/day of biogas was produced. The reduction rate of COD in the effluent from the acid fermenter, the 1st and the 2nd methane fermenter were 71.8%, 42.6% and 24.0% respectively. Finally, we examined algal treatment process for the effluent from the 2nd methane fermenter. A semi-continuous culture of Chlorella sp. PSH3 was conducted by feeding the effluent with retention time of 10days. In this process, the production rate of algal biomass and COD reduction rate were averaged 1.8g/1 culture/day(2.8$\times$106 cells/ml) and 73%, respectively. Through the 4-setp treatments, the total chemical oxygen demand was reduced from 51,300ppm to 85ppm. Therefore, the reduction rate of total chemical oxygen demand reached about 99.8%. The results indicate that the integrated system could be applicable for treatment of organic wastes, concurrently producing biogas and algal biomass.