• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of single antiplatelet treatment on delayed bleeding, in patients undergoing dental extraction. A total of 154 teeth were extracted in 94 patients with ongoing antiplatelet treatment, who were taking single antiplatelet of either aspirin or clopidogrel. All patients underwent simple dental extraction; local hemostasis was performed with gauze-biting, suturing, and/or application of a local hemostatic agent. Delayed bleeding was recorded in 5 teeth out of a total of 154 teeth after extraction, the incidence of postoperative delayed bleeding being 3.2%. The bleeding was controlled by the patients themselves, through application of pressure with additional gauze-biting. No one visited the doctor or emergency room for hemostasis. These results confirmed that patients taking single antiplatelet drugs may have teeth extracted safely without interruption of the antiplatelet treatment.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 2020

This systematic review aims to determine if a single buccal infiltration (without palatal infiltration in the maxilla and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in the mandible) with 4% articaine can induce adequate analgesia for the extraction of primary molars (Maxillary and Mandibular) in children. PubMed, Ovid SP, and Embase were searched for studies published between January 1990 and March 2020 with the relevant MeSH terms. Titles and abstracts were screened preliminarily, followed by the full-texts of the included studies. Five articles were included for this systematic review. The outcome investigated was "Procedural pain during the extraction of primary molars after injection with single buccal infiltration of 4% articaine in comparison to single buccal infiltration, double infiltration (buccal and palatal/lingual), and inferior alveolar nerve block with 2% lignocaine." Of the five studies that evaluated subjective pain during extraction, two reported no significant difference between the articaine and lignocaine groups, and the remaining three reported lower subjective pain during extraction in the articaine group. Only two studies evaluated objective pain scores during extraction, and both studies reported lower pain scores in the articaine group. There is insufficient evidence to justify the statement that a single buccal infiltration of 4% articaine alone is sufficient for the extraction of primary molars. Further evidence is required to justify the claim that palatal infiltrations and IANB can be replaced with the use of 4% articaine single buccal infiltration for the extraction of primary molars in children.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.259-269
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• 2021

The effects of the physicochemical properties of soil such as soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter content on single extraction of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn using CaCl2, HOAc, HNO3, and DTPA were statistically investigated for 69 agricultural soils in Korea. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied for soil samples which were grouped on the basis of average values of the physicochemical properties of the soil. Diluted HNO3 extracted higher concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb when compared with the other extractants, however, similar amounts of Cd and Zn were extracted by HOAc with HNO3. The results of correlation analysis indicated that DTPA extraction showed a high correlation with other single and pseudo-total extraction methods, and the physicochemical properties of soil influenced the concentrations of heavy metals leached by the single extraction methods. In the case of Zn, high correlations between pseudo-total and the studied single extraction methods were observed. As a result of regression analysis, it was found that the physicochemical properties of the soil could explain up to 74% of variances of the single extraction results. These results indicate that the physicochemical properties of the soil can have a direct influence on the concentrations of heavy metals extracted by the single extraction methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

A fast, simple, inexpensive, and reproducible sample preparation for extraction and analysis of HD in water was studied using single-drop microextraction(SDME) and GC-MS. Operation parameters, such as extraction solvent, extraction time were optimized. The optimized conditions were $1\{mu}L$ trichloroethylene and 10 min extraction time. In these conditions, about 42 times higher enrichment factor(EF) was obtained. The detection limit of HD was $1\{mu}g/L$, and the precision expressed as relative standard deviation was about 9.0%.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.253-261
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• 2017

For a single-phase active power filter (APF), designing a more efficient algorithm to guarantee accurate and fast harmonics extraction with a lower computing cost is still a meaningful topic. The common idea still employs a IRPT-based Park transform, which was originally designed for 3-phase applications. Therefore, an additional virtual signal generation (VSG) link is necessary when it is used in the single-phase condition. This method, with virtual signal generation and transform, is obviously not the most efficient one. Regarding this problem, this paper proposes a novel harmonics extraction algorithm to further improve efficiency. The new algorithm is based on the principle of trigonometric orthogonal functions (TOF), and its mathematical principle and physical meaning are introduced in detail. Its implementation and superiority in terms of computation efficiency are analyzed by comparing it with conventional methods. Finally, its effectiveness is well validated through detailed simulations and laboratory experiments.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2022

We investigate the performance of multi-body wave energy converters (WECs). This investigation considers multiple scattering of water waves by the buoys of a WEC under the generalized mode approach. Predominantly, the effect of a WEC's configuration on its energy extraction is studied in this research. First, single-row terminator and single-column attenuator arrays of vertical cylinders have been studied. The performance of these attenuator arrays shows that the wall effect induced by the periodic buoys influences the wave propagation and energy extraction in these WECs. Further studies show that a single-row terminator array of vertical cylinders performs better than the corresponding single-column attenuator array. Subsequently, multi-row terminator arrays of vertical cylinders are investigated by conducting a parametric study. This parametric study shows that the hydrodynamic property of three resonance phenomena makes energy extraction efficiency drop down, and the magnitude of energy extracted oscillates between the resonance points in these WECs. Finally, a 4×8 terminator array of vertical cylinders is studied to determine the effect of various d_x (x-directional distance between adjacent rows) within this WEC on its performance. In particular, this study enforces at least two equal d_x values within the 4×8 terminator array of vertical cylinders. It shows that a small value of this d_x leads to better energy extraction efficiency in some of these various d_x arrays than that of a corresponding regular array with the same d_x.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2012

Separate extraction of source ($R_S$) and drain ($R_D$) resistances caused by process, layout variations and long term degradation is very important in modeling and characterization of MOSFETs. In this work, we propose "Avalanche Hot-Source Method (AHSM)" for simple separated extraction of $R_S$ and $R_D$ in a single device. In AHSM, the high field region near the drain works as a new source for abundant carriers governing the current-voltage relationship in the MOSFET at high drain bias. We applied AHSM to n-channel MOSFETs as single-finger type with different channel width/length (W/L) combinations and verified its usefulness in the extraction of $R_S$ and $R_D$. We also confirmed that there is a negligible drift in the threshold voltage ($V_T$) and the subthreshold slope (SSW) even after application of the method to devices under practical conditions.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2004

We have calculated the power extraction efficiency and the lasing wavelength distribution of complex-coupled(CC) DFB lasers above threshold for various｜$\chi$L｜ and facet reflectivity combinations, and we have compared the results with those at threshold. Also, we have investigated the effect of coupling coefficient ratio(CR) and the reflectivity of AR facet on the power extraction efficiency and the lasing wavelength distribution. At threshold, the single mode yield as a function of power extraction efficiency of in-phase(IP) CC DFB lasers is the same as that of anti-phase(AP) CC DFB lasers. Above threshold, however, the single mode yield as a function of power extraction efficiency of IP CC DFB lasers is much larger than that of AP CC DFB lasers. For IP CC DFB lasers, AR-HR combination has high single mode yield and large power extraction efficiency compared to other facet combinations. IP CC DFB laser with AR-HR combination for ｜$\chi$L｜of 0.8 has the highest single mode yield and largest power extraction efficiency above threshold among the cases considered. For AR-HR combination, as CR increases and the reflectivity of AR facet decreases, both single mode yield and power extraction efficiency increase due to the reduction of the spatial hole burning effect. For AR-HR combination, the lasing wavelength of CC DFB laser has distributed over the stopband of DFB. As CR increases, the lasing wavelength concentrates on the long wavelength side for IP CC DFB laser, while on the short wavelength side for AP CC DFB laser. As ｜$\chi$L｜ increases, the width of the wavelength distribution decreases and the lasing wavelength moves to the long wavelength side.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2009

Ciliates are undoubtedly one of the most diverse protozoans that play a significant role in ecology. However, molecular examination, based on comparing the DNA sequences, has been done on a limited number of the species. Because most ciliates are uncultivable and their population sizes are often too small, it is usually difficult to obtain sufficient genomic DNA required for PCR based experiments. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of four commercial DNA extraction procedures that extract high quality genomic DNA from a single ciliate cell. It was discovered that RED Extract-N-$Amp^{TM}$ PCR kit is the best method for removing PCR-inhibiting substances and minimizing DNA loss during purification. This method can also amplify more than 25 reactions of PCR. In addition, this technique was applied to single cells of 19 species belonged to 7 orders under 5 classes that isolated from mixed natural populations. Their small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) was successfully amplified. In summary, we developed a simple technique for the high-yield extraction of purified DNA from a single ciliate cell that may be more useful for rare ciliates, such as tiny and uncultivable marine microbes.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2019

The solvent extraction of Tb(III) from hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by employing single organophosphorus (D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272), its mixture with Alamine 336 and ionic liquids with Aliquat 336. The equilibrium pH after the extraction with extractant mixtures and ionic liquids was higher than that by single extractants. Among the mixtures and ionic liquids, only the ionic liquid with Cyanex 272 and Aliquat 336 showed synergism to the extraction of Tb(III). The extraction percentage of Tb(III) by the extractant mixtures was lower than that by single extractant and the extraction order was in the following order : D2EHPA + Alamine 336 > PC88A + Alamine 336 > Cyanex 272 + Alamine 336. The extraction order of Tb(III) by the ionic liquids was Cyanex 272 + Aliqaut 336 > PC88A + Aliquat 336 > D2EHPA + Aliquat 336.