• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.209-209
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• 2012

High-efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film-embedding Si heterojunction solar cells were fabricated. An additional doping was not applied for heterojunction solar cells due to the spontaneous junction formation between TCO films and an n-type Si substrate. Three different TCO coatings were formed by sputtering method for an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) film, an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film and double stacks of ITO/AZO films. An improved crystalline ITO film was grown on an AZO template upon hetero-epitaxial growth. This double TCO films-embedding Si heterojunction solar cell provided significantly enhanced efficiency of 9.23% as compared to the single TCO/Si devices. The effective arrangement of TCO films (ITO/AZO) provides benefits of a lower front contact resistance and a smaller band offset to Si leading enhanced photovoltaic performances. This demonstrates a potential scheme of the effective TCO film-embedding heterojunction Si solar cells.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

A photovoltaic (PV) system generates electricity by installing a solar energy array; therefore, the photovoltaic system can be easily exposed to external factors, which include environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and radiation. These factors-as well as shading, in particular-lead to power degradation. When there is an output loss in the solar cell of a PV module package, the output loss is partly controlled by the bypass diode. As solar cells become highly efficient, the characteristics of series resistance and parallel resistance improve, and the characteristics of reverse voltage change. A bypass diode is connected in parallel to the string that is connected in series to the PV module. Ideally, the bypass diode operates when the voltage is -0.6[V] around. This study examines the bypass diode operating time for different types of crystalline solar cells. It compares the reverse voltage characteristics between the single solar cell and polycrystalline solar cell. Special modules were produced for the experiment. The shading rate of the solar cell in the specially made solar energy module was raised by 5% each time to confirm that the bypass diode was operating. The operation of the bypass diode is affected not only by the reverse voltage but also by the forward bias. This tendency was verified as the number of strings increased.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2018

Recently solar cell industry needs the optimal design of Czochralski process for low cost high quality silicon mono crystalline ingot. Because market needs both high efficient solar cell and similar cost with multi-crystalline Si ingot. For cost reduction in Czochralski process, first of all energy reduction should be completed because Czochralski process is high energy consumption process. For this purpose we studied optimal water-cooling tube design and simultaneously we also check the quality of ingot with Von mises stress and V(pull speed of ingot)/G(temperature gradient to the crystallization) values. At this research we used $CG-Sim^{(R)}$ S/W package and finally we got improved water-cooling tube design than normally used process in present industry. The optimal water-cooling tube length should be 200mm. The result will be adopted at real industry.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.65-66
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• 2006

[ $TiO_2$ ] single crystalline nanorods are prepared from electrospun fibers which are composed of nanofibrils with an island-in-a-sea morphology. The mechanical pressure produces each fibril into nanorods which are converted to anatase single crystals after calcinations. HRTEM shows that the (001) plane is growing along the longitudinal direction of the rod. In this work, the nanorod electrode provides the efficient photocurrent generation in a quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using highly viscous PVDF-HFP based gel electrolytes. The overall converision efficiency of the $TiO_2$ nanorods shows 6.2 % under $100\;mW/cm^2$ (AM 1.5G) illumination.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.459-460
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• 2008

Zinc oxide micro rods were fabricated using as chemical bath deposition ok photolithography. Vertically aligned Zinc Oxide rod array as grown by chemical bath deposition method on Zinc Oxide template layer. The ZnO template layer was deposited on glass and the pattering was made by standard photolithography technique. The selective growth of ZnO micro rods were achieved with the masked ZnO template layer substrate. The fabricated ZnO micro rods were found to be single crystalline and have grown along hexagonal c-axis direction of (0002) which is same as the preferred growth orientation of ZnO template layer. The ZnO micro-rod array structure was implemented as a window layer in Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cell and its effect on photovoltaic efficiency was examined.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.153-154
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• 2007

결정질 실리콘 웨이퍼의 두께와 비저항은 태양전지의 효율을 결정하는 매우 중요한 요인이다. 높은 효율을 갖는 태양전지 설계를 위해 태양전지 시뮬레이터인 PC1D 프로그램을 이용하여 태양전지 웨이퍼 두께, 웨이퍼 비저항, 에미터 도핑 농도를 조절하였다. 최적화 결과, 베이스층 두께 $100{\mu}m$, 비저항 $0.1{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, 에미터층 도핑 농도 $3{\cdot}10^{18}cm^{-3}$에서 $J_{sc}=39(mA/cm^2),\;V_{oc}=734(mV),\;P_{max}=3.17(W)$, FF=74, Efficiency=21.3%의 고효율을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 태양전지 설계나 제조 시에 연구비를 절감할 수 있고 높은 효율의 태양전지로 접근할 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.57-58
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• 2007

결정질 실리콘 웨이퍼의 텍스쳐링과 도핑은 태양전지의 효율을 결정하는 매우 중요한 요인이다. 높은 효율을 갖는 태양전지 설계를 위해 PC1D를 이용하여 텍스쳐링 사면체의 폭 및 각도, 베이스 면저항 및 농도를 조절하였다. 최적화 결과, 텍스쳐 피라미드의 폭은 $2{\sim}4{\mu}m$, 각도는 $79^{\circ}$ 베이스 면저항 $100{\Omega}/{\Box}$, 도핑 농도 $1{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$에서 15.06%의 변환효율을 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.2075-2082
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• 2006

이 논문은 p-type single-crystalline float zone (FZ) 웨이퍼를 이용한 고효율 태양전지 제조 공정상의 공정 모델링과 최적화 기술에 대하여 서술하였다. 태양전지 제조 공정 중 중요한 4가지의 공정 1) Emitter formation; 2) Anti-Reflection-Coating (ARC): 3) Screen-printing; 4) Contact formation 중에서 제조비용을 줄여주며, 성능을 증대 시키는데 중요한 contact formation 공정을 모델링을 하고, 최적화 하였다. 본 논문에서는 공정에 소요되는 시간과 비용을 줄이기 위해 실험 계획법 (design of experiments: DOE) 중 중심 합성계획 (central composite design)을 이용하여 24개의 요인 (factorial), 8개의 축점 (axial points), 3개의 중심점 (center points)과 실험의 범위를 증가시키기 위한 6개의 임의점(random points)으로 실험계획을 수립하였다. 접촉형성(contact formation) 공정 이후에는 실험 결과를 사용하여 신경망 (neural network)으로 모델링을 하였다. 수립된 신경망 모델을 바탕으로 유전자 알고리즘 (genetic algorithm)을 이용하여 다양한 조합의 공정 파라미 터를 합성하는 방법으로 최적화를 수행하여 고효율의 태양전지를 구현할 수 있는 최적의 공정 조건을 수립하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2017

Aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is known to supply excellent surface passivation properties on crystalline Si surface. The quality of passivation layer is important for high-efficiency silicon solar cell. double-layer structures have many advantages over single-layer materials. $Al_2O_3/SiN_X$ passivation stacks have been widely adopted for high- efficiency silicon solar cells. The first layer, $Al_2O_3$, passivates the surface, while $SiN_X$ acts as a hydrogen source that saturates silicon dangling bonds during annealing treatment. We explored the properties on passivation film of $Al_2O_3/SiN_X$ stack layer with changing the conditions. For the post annealing temperature, it was found that $500^{\circ}C$ is the most suitable temperature to improvement surface passivation.

• 동굴
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• 제82호
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• pp.5-7
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• 2007

In this paper, p-n junction formation using screen-printed metalization and co-firing is used to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells on single- crystalline silicon substrates. In order to form high-quality contacts, co-firing of a screen-printed Ag grid on the front and Al on the back surface field is implemented. These contacts require low contact resistance, high conductivity, and good adhesion to achieve high efficiency. Before co-firing, a statistically designed experiment is conducted. After the experiment, a neural network (NN) trained by the error back-propagation algorithm is employed to model the crucial relationships between several input factors and solar cell efficiency. The trained NN model is also used to optimize the beltline furnace process through genetic algorithms.