• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.193-195
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• 2005

OWL facilitates greater machine interpretability of Web content than that supported by XML, RDF, and RDF Schema by providing additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics. We are developing the ontology editor we named OntoBuilder, in this paper we describe about implementation of OWL processor which is a component of OntoBuilder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.457-461
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 RGB 컬러 정보와 오류 역전파 알고리즘을 이용한 신 차량 번호판 인식 방법을 제안한다. 차량 영상에서 평균 Blue값을 이용하여 차량 영상을 보정한다. 보정된 차량 영상에서 순수 Red픽셀과 현재 픽셀의 차이와 순수 Green 픽셀과 현재의 픽셀의 차이를 각각 구하여 Red 후보 영역과 Green 후보 영역으로 구분한다. 구분된 2개의 후보 영역의 픽셀 값을 오류 역전파 알고리즘에 적용하여 최종 Green 영역을 찾는다. 그리고 오류 역전파 알고리즘에 의해서 Green 영역으로 판명된 영역을 제외한 영역들은 잡음으로 처리한다. 잡음이 제거된 영역에 대해 수평 및 수직 히스토그램의 빈도수를 이용하여 번호판 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 번호판 영역에서 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드들을 추출하고, 오류 역전파 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드들을 인식한다. 제안된 차량 번호판 추출 및 인식 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실제 비영업용 신 차량 번호판에 적용한 결과, 제안된 번호판 추출 방법이 기존의 HSI 정보를 이용한 번호판 추출 방법보다 추출률이 개선되었고 제안된 차량 번호판 인식 방법이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.162-165
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• 2004

대부분의 이진화 알고리즘은 임계치를 결정하기 위하여 히스토그램을 사용하여 밝기 분포를 분석한다. 배경과 물체의 명도차이가 큰 경우에는 분할을 위해 양봉 히스토그램을 보일 때는 최적의 임계치를 한기 위해 히스토그램 골짜기를 선택하는 것만으로도 양호한 임계치 결과를 얻을 수 있으나, 배경과 물체의 밝기 차이가 크지 않거나 자기 분포가 양봉 특성을 보이지 않을 때는 히스토그램 분석만으로 적절한 임계치를 얻기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 RGB 컬러 모형의 각 색상에 대하여 퍼지 소속 함수를 적용하고, 그 결과를 이용해 배경에 비해 가독성이 높은 특징들을 배경과 분리하는 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 이진화 방법은 RGB의 각 색상에 퍼지 소속 함수를 적용하여 얻은 값들을 이용해 이진화한다. 기존의 임계치를 이용한 이진화 방법에 비해 잡음 영역을 상당히 제거 할 수 있으며, 컨테이너 영상에 적용한 결과, 기존의 방법에 비해 효율적인 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.497-498
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• 2017

기존의 영상 복원 방법에서는 영상에 퍼지 스트레칭 기법을 이용하여 명암 대비를 강조하였다. 강조된 영상에서 Max-Min 연산을 위해서 칼라 채널의 최대값을 이용하여 각 픽셀 값을 정규화 하였다. 정규화 된 픽셀 값에 Min 연산을 적용하여 연결 가중치를 계산하여 훼손된 영상의 복원에 적용하였다. 그러나 일부 손실된 영상에서 손실된 부분을 탐색하기 위해 $10{\times}10$을 가진 마스크를 이용하여 훼손된 영역을 탐색한 후, 탐색된 훼손된 영역에 연결 가중치를 적용하여 임계값보다 적은 경우에는 임계값으로 설정하여 손실된 부분을 복원하였으나 원 영상과의 차이가 나는 경우가 자주 발생하여 복원의 정확성이 낮아지는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 영상의 복원의 정확성을 높이기 위하여 그레이 영상뿐만 아니라 칼라 영상에서도 복원의 정확성을 높일 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 다양한 칼라 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법보다 복원의 정확성이 높아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2019

Background: Pes planus, or flat foot, causes lower limb malalignment and foot pain during walking or exercise. Therefore, a highly reliable evaluation method to accurately diagnose flat feet is necessary. This study investigated the intra-and inter-rater reliability of the navicular drop test in different postures. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers performed the navicular drop test in three different combinations of non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing postures (standing/standing, sitting/sitting, and sitting/standing). Two examiners alternately performed the measurements five times in each subject, and in each posture. Significant differences in measurements were obtained among the three postures, with the highest navicular drop being observed in the sitting/standing posture. Results: Inter-rater reliability was high in the sitting/standing and sitting/sitting postures. Intra-rater reliability was high in all three postures. In the sitting/sitting and sitting/standing postures, large navicular drop values and high inter- and intra-rater reliability were observed. Conclusion: Therefore, the sitting/standing and sitting/sitting postures are recommended for use in navicular drop tests to diagnose flat feet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.524-526
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 클러스터의 개수를 다양하게 설정하여 누적된 변화율이 가장 작은 변화율을 가진 클러스터 개수를 동적으로 설정하는 방법을 제안하여 백내장 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 백내장 추출 방법은 애견 안구 영상에서 관심 영역을 ROI 영역으로 설정한다. 설정된 ROI 영역에 퍼지 스트레칭 기법을 적용하여 픽셀의 상한 값과 하한 값을 조정한다. 퍼지 스트레칭 기법이 적용된 ROI 영역에서 FCM 알고리즘을 적용하여 클러스터 소속 행렬의 중심 값의 변화율이 가장 적은 개수를 최적의 클러스터 개수로 설정하여 ROI 영역을 양자화 한다. 양자화된 ROI 영역에서 침식 및 팽창 기법을 적용하고 ROI 영역의 면적을 기준으로 1/5보다 적은 면적을 가진 객체를 잡음으로 간주하여 제거한다. 잡음이 제거된 ROI 영역에서 ROI 면적의 3/5이상인 영역을 가진 안구 객체를 백내장 영역으로 추출한다. 제안된 방법의 효율성을 분석하기 위해서 애견 안구 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 FCM을 적용하여 ROI 영역을 양자화 하는 처리 시간보다 제안된 클러스터 수 설정 기반 FCM을 적용한 양자화 방법이 처리 시간이 적게 소요되고 객체들을 정확히 분류하는 것을 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

The subjects of this study were limited to Silla buddhist temple remains in the 6~8th century, where the excavation survey report was published and the details of the remains of the corridor are revealed. Since the corridor completes the structure of temple and is involved in formation of the space, the building plan for corridors is thought to have an intention linked to the entire temple. Thus, more closer study is required for this construction plan to identify the role of corridors. The corridor is a building that has a low architectural hierarchy and completes the layout and composition of the temple. In the unit planning of the corridor, unit were designed to be of a certain size in the temple layout. Then, the overall scale was made by adding the fixed size of unit. The combination of corridors are the combined points of paths and were used as visual points. The structure of the corridor was constructed to be adjusted according to the size of the main compartment of the building to which it was connected and inserted under the roof of the building. The adjustment of the unit changed in the range of 0.5 to 2 of Silla's system of measurement. The usage of embedded pillar in the corridor presents a new perspective on Silla architecture.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.99-124
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• 2005

The Korean Buddhism during the unified Silla era, was dominated by Huayen doctrine, which was developed by Uisang(義相) (625-702) and his disciples. During 8th century, many Korean monks visited China to study Chan Buddhism(禪). After they came back to Silla, they started to criticize Huayen philosophy as a doctrinal Buddhism (Jiao教). Their criticism depended on Chinese Chan Buddhist teachings. Korean Chan monk Sunji(順之), a 9th century, was different from other Chan monks in Silla who were trained in China. His teachings are found in the volume20 of "Zutangji"(祖堂集). Although it is based on Chan thought, it has many doctrinal explanations and interpretations. The conventional studies could not clearify the basis of his philosophy. As my research revealed, his teachings were based on the Huayen doctrine of Chinese Huayen monk Li Tongxuan(李通玄) who lived in 7th 8th century. One of his doctorine is "San shen yuan jung kwan"(三聖円融観). It means the unify of three Holies(三聖) Vairocana Buddha(毘盧遮那仏), Manjusri Bodhisattva(文殊菩薩), and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva(普賢菩薩). Monk Junshi used this theory in his teachings. As mentioned above, "Sunji Hwasan's teachings" included by the "Zutangji"(祖堂集) volume 20 is important as what offers a new viewpoint when exploring the relationship between the Chan and jiao in Silla in the 9th century.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.261-266
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• 2005

To figure out conserved genes in 66 microbial species and measuring the degree of conservation, analyses based on COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins) algorithm were applied. Sixty-six microbial genomes, including three eukaryotes, hold 63 conserved orthologs in common. The majority $(82.5\%)$ of the conserved genes was related to translation, meaning the importance of protein in living creatures. Ribosomal protein S12 (COG0048) and L14 (COG0093) were more conserved genes than others from the distance value analysis. Phylogenetically related microbes grouped in genome analysis by average and standard deviation of 63 conserved genes. The 63 conserved genes, found in this research, would be useful in basic research and applied ones such as antibiotic development.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.270-285
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• 2020

This study examines the state of archeological research on Silla and Unified Silla conducted in North Korea and identifies its characteristics. In South Korea, most research has focused on prehistoric times in North Korea, and little research has been done on Silla and Unified Silla. Noting this, we attempted to examine the history of archaeological research in North Korea to provide foundations upon which to go forward. The research was examined in terms of general archaeological themes including tombs, fortresses, the capital city, earthenware, roof tiles, ornaments, weapons, and horse harnesses, and we identified four characteristics from the examination. First, Juche ideology had a great influence on interpretation of the unification of the three kingdoms. The Juche ideology was first proposed in 1955, and at the time, it was not fully established as an ideology but rather seen as constituting opposition to toadyism. Accordingly, the unification of the three kingdoms led by Silla was seen as amounting to collusion with foreign forces and was not acknowledged. A piece of evidence shows that this change took place around 1962. Second, an inclination to testify to the 'uniqueness' of the cultures of the three kingdoms is observed. The argument is that culture in the Korean peninsula has unique characteristics that set it apart from Chinese culture, and that the cultures of the three kingdoms share much in common. This inclination was not mentioned in research until the 1950s, and it can be seen as an effort to comply with Juche ideology and prove the principle of unity as stated in the national leader's instructions in the 1960s. Third, the influence of Goguryeo on the formation of Silla culture is emphasized. Related research explains that Baekje, Silla, and Gaya adopted the 'superior' culture of Goguryeo, and could establish 'uniqueness' of culture accordingly. It is claimed that an advanced Goguryeo culture was disseminated throughout Balhae and Unified Silla, and then to Goryeo, resulting in a true unification of the ethnic culture. Fourth, researchers in North Korea presume the Silla tombs and other relics to be far older than South Korean researchers' estimate. From a standpoint of highlighting the long history of Korea, they estimate the Silla Dynasty was founded in the early or mid-first century. Accordingly, archeological evidence that demonstrates the establishment of the state is dated as far back. Such an estimate is also indispensable in justifying the explanation that the chamber tombs of Goguryeo had a direct influence on Silla. These research characteristics which arose during the 1960s continue to be basic guidelines for North Korean researchers.