• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2016

Silk has been used extensively in textile applications because of its good luster and feel. However, the low elongation and elastic recovery of silk has limited its use in a wider variety of textile applications. In this study, silk textile samples were made with a highly twisted silk/polyurethane core-spun yarn. They were immersed in water and dried at different temperatures, and the effect of treatment temperature on the mechanical properties of the silk textile was examined. It was found that the water temperature strongly affected the morphology and mechanical properties of the silk textile, whereas the drying temperature did not. As the water temperature was increased, the weft silk yarn became tangled and the interval between warp yarns decreased, resulting in shrinkage of the silk textile. When the silk textile was immersed in water at high temperature (i.e., $100^{\circ}C$), the elongation of the textile increased eight-fold as compared to an untreated silk textile. The maximum elastic recovery ratio of the silk textile was 96.7%.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

Silk/Cotton fabrics were treated with butanetetracarboxylic acid(BTCA) to improve crease recovery and anti-shrinking properties at various curing temperatures and pH values. We investigated the effects of finishing conditions on add-on of BTCA, bending property(E, 2HB), wrinkle recovery angle, shrinkage, and dyeing properties. The Add-on of BTCA increased with increasing curing temperature and concentration. Crease recovery was improved with decreasing shrinkage. Maximum add-on of BTCA was showed at pH 2.5. In case of dyeing and mercerization, silk side treated with BTCA was more flexible than untreated, whereas cotton side was more stiff. In dyeing after mercerization, B and 2HB values were higher and K/S values were doubled nearly. The hand of fabric improved with decreasing B and 2HB by the BTCA treatment. BTCA treatment after reactive dyeing improved crease recovery, and caused no change of color difference. However, BTCA treatment after reactive dyeing didn't improve crease recovery, whereas B and 2HB were decreased considerably by the treatment.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1986

견방견직물을 여러 가지 조건하에서 방추도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 온도, 습도가 높아지면 방추도는 감소하며 습도의 영향이 온도의 영향보다 더 크게 작용한다. 2. 주름회복시간과 온도, 습도에 따른 방추도의 변화는 y=a+b ln T의 실험식으로 나타났고 회복시간의 경과에 따라 방추도는 증가하지만 300sec 이상에서는 평형상태에 도달했다. 3. 견직물과 화섬직물과 주름거동을 비교한 결과 견직물은 화섬직물에 비해 Voigt 모형에서의 K1값이 월등히 낮았다. 4. 조추시간에 따른 방추도 변화는 시간의 경과에 따라 점점 감소하지만 실험식에서 a값의 변화는 인정할 수 없었다. 5. 조추가중에 의한 방추도의 변화에 있어서도 동일한 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1996

인도 Daba 작잠 품종 고치에 대하여 주석산을 이용한 고치 삶기 방법이 적정화가 시도되었는데 고치층 감모율과 고치의 실켜기 길이는 주석산 처리 시간과 처리농도에 영향을 받았지만 고치실의 기계적 성질은 처리 조건 범위 내에서 차를 보이지 않았다. 또한 고치 삶기 용수의 경도는 작잠고치의 실켜기 길이에 크게 영향을 주지 않았다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2002

Natural silk is formed by two proteins : the crystalline fibroin (inside the silk thread) and amorphous sericin (as a tube outside the thread). The degumming process is used to eliminate the external sericin prior to dyeing ; generally it makes use of soaps at about pH 10. Sericin is the protein constituent that "gums"together the fibroin filaments of cocoon silk. It constitutes about 25% of the weight of the cocoon, is soluble in hot water and "gels" on cooling. The removal of sericin from raw silk, known as degumming, is a simple but important process usually employing hot dilute soap or alkaline solution and occasionally dilute acids or enzymic methods. During degumming, alkali is taken up by the sericin and the free acid from the soap is formed ; this may be deposited on the fiber, reducing the rate of degumming and protecting it from hydrolysis. Alkali is often added to maintain or restore the pH of the baths, but it is rarely used alone, since it leaves the silk rather harsh in handle. If complete sericin removal is required as for printing, sodium carbonate may be added. If the pH of the bath exceeds 11, the fibroin is attacked. Recently, According to the development of electrolysis, we can be obtained the electrolytic reduction water(above pH 11.5) and electrolytic oxidation water (below pH 3). The aim of this work was to study a degumming process using electrolytic water and a possibility of sericin recovery. The new degumming process used electrolytic water operates at $95^\circ{C}$ for 2hr. without any reagents. The wastewater of this process are formed by a solution of sericin in water. This conditions suggest the study of a possible recovery of this protein (sericin) which has an amino acid composition suitable for many used in cosmetics, textile finishing agents, animal feeding, etc. The degumming process using electrolytic water is available to reduce treatment costs and pollute and at the same time to recover sericin.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2007

The nature of genetic variation and diversity among the 65 multivoltine silkworm genotypes was evaluated for 16 post cocoon characters. The components of genetic variation revealed higher PCV (60.487%) and GCV (44.56%) for evenness (variation 1) followed by cohesion (PCV=55.38%, GCV=40.36%) and non-broken filament length (PCV=32.05%, GCV=31.28%). The higher heritability ($h^2$ in broad sense) was observed for boil-off loss (95.6%) followed by non-broken filament length (95.22%). The both genotypic and phenotypic correlation indicated significant positive correlation of filament length with non-broken filament length, silk recovery, raw silk, neatness, and low neatness; and negative correlation with denier, renditta and silk waste. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 75.381 % of total variance from the five principal components extracted. On the basis of Mahalonobis' $D^2$ values (Ward's minimum variance), the sixty-five multivoltine silkworm genotypes were classified in to 9 clusters with substantial inter and intra cluster distances. Number of genotypes included in different clusters varied from 3 to 17. The results indicated that the optimum distance obtained in cluster VII (15.059) along with higher cluster mean values especially for filament length, non broken filament length, renditta, silk recovery, silk waste, and raw silk emphasized the utilization of these genotypes in the conventional silkworm breeding programme for improvement of multivoltine silk fibre quality. The possibility of exploiting genetic variation in post cocoon traits for efficient breeding programme is discussed.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

Silk/cotton fabrics were treated with butanetetracarboxylic acid(BTCA) under various treating conditions such as concentration, treated time and curing temperatures. Bending property, tensile strength, wrinkle recovery angle, and shrinkage were measured. The BTCA concentration in the saponfication mixture was measured by an isocratic HPLC equipped with the strong cationic exchange column Aminex HPX-87-H and a UV detector. The detected concentration of BTCA was shown in silk side much more than that of cotton side. The bending and shrinkage properties were improved at minimum curing condition and the lower concentration of BTCA. Tensile strength decreased with increasing concentration of BTCA, curing temperature and treated time, while wrinkle recovery angle increased.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 1992

To improve the physical properties and the dyeing properties of silk, the silk fabric was treated with urea resin and reactive dyeing. The effects of urea resin concentration, pH of padding bath and curing condition were investigated in order to find optimum condition and the following results are obtained The optimum condition for the crease recovery of silk fabric was urea resin concentration of 80 g/ι, pH of 7, the curings temperature of about 135$^{\circ}C$, and the curing time of 3 minutes. The crease recovery and the thermal insulation ratio of silk fabric were increased by the above treatment. K/S increased as the adding amount of Na$_2$SO$_4$ increased, K/S, however was not affected by the adding amount of Na$_2$CO$_3$. Co1or fastness of the dyed fabrics treated with urea resin were improved slightly compared with untreated ones.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 1999

The weavability and bleaching of ramie/silk mixture fabrics were examined. When silk fiber was used as warp or weft in the mixture fabrics, the weaving properties became higher than that of ramile fabrics. Especially, the highest weavabiliy of mixture fabrics was obtained when used as warp silk fiber. The whiteness of ramie and tussah fiber treated with hydrogen peroxide, bleaching agent. was increased up to about 80% without significant changes of tenacity and elongation. As the increase of bleaching agent and treatment time, the whiteness of mixture fabrics was increased and the yellowness was decreased. Also, as the whiteness of mixture fabrics increased, the drape stiffness in warp direction was decreased but crease recovery was increased.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.28-39
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• 1985

견직물의 실용성능(방추도, 세탁성)을 개선할 목적으로 실크하브다이(silk habutae)에 실리콘수지를 유화 가공법으로 처리하였다. 실리콘가공 하브다이의 방추도, 발수도, 유연도, 강신도, 수분율 등은 직물검사 방법에 따라서 검사하였고 가공 후 견피브로인의 구조적인 변화를 구명하기 위하여 주사전자현미경, 아미노산분석, X-선 회절강도, FT-IR 흡수분석에 의하여 검토한 결과 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 견하브다이 직물의 방추도는 soaping 처리오 큐어링 조건에 의하여 현저히 개선되었다. 2) 실리콘 수지 가공에 의하여 견하브다이의 발수도와 유연도가 향상되었고, 가공 후 silk fibroin을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 견섬유 특유의 불규칙한 섬유표면은 평활하게 관찰되었다. 3) 실리콘 수지와 silk fibroin의 반응에 따라서 피브로인 조성 아미노산 중 극성기를 가지고 있는 아미노산의 감소비율이 현저하였다. 4) 실리콘 수지가공 silk habutae는 soaping에 의하여 X-선 회절강도가 높아지는 경향이었다. 5) 가공 후 견하브다이의 FT-IR 흡수곡선에 실록산등의 peak가 검출된 것으로 미루어 fibroin의 개질이 가능하다고 생각된다.