• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This research is to analyze the influence in terms of misreading rate and legibility time for drivers when condensation occurs on the road signs. METHODS : In this research, the dew occurred road signs provided to drivers to measure legibility time and misreading rate to compare with normal road sign. In order to identify the difference of legibility time between normal road sign and dew occurred road sign, the T-test and ANOVA test were used. And the vision system was used to recognize the region of dew occurrence on the road sign, then the brightness of dew occurrence region on the road sign was changed to check the misreading rate of drivers according to the change rate of brightness. RESULTS : The legibility times were measured 2.65s for normal road sign and 4.08s for dew occurrence road sign and misreading rates were measured 2.8% for normal road sign, 21.7% for dew occurrence road sign.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.166-178
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictive performance of non-contrast CT (NCCT) signs for hemorrhagic growth after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) when stratified by onset-to-imaging time (OIT). Materials and Methods: 1488 supratentorial ICH within 6 h of onset were consecutively recruited from six centers between January 2018 and August 2022. NCCT signs were classified according to density (hypodensities, swirl sign, black hole sign, blend sign, fluid level, and heterogeneous density) and shape (island sign, satellite sign, and irregular shape) features. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between NCCT signs and three types of hemorrhagic growth: hematoma expansion (HE), intraventricular hemorrhage growth (IVHG), and revised HE (RHE). The performance of the NCCT signs was evaluated using the positive predictive value (PPV) stratified by OIT. Results: Multivariable analysis showed that hypodensities were an independent predictor of HE (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] of 7.99 [4.87-13.40]), IVHG (3.64 [2.15-6.24]), and RHE (7.90 [4.93-12.90]). Similarly, OIT (for a 1-h increase) was an independent inverse predictor of HE (0.59 [0.52-0.66]), IVHG (0.72 [0.64-0.81]), and RHE (0.61 [0.54-0.67]). Blend and island signs were independently associated with HE and RHE (10.60 [7.36-15.30] and 10.10 [7.10-14.60], respectively, for the blend sign and 2.75 [1.64-4.67] and 2.62 [1.60-4.30], respectively, for the island sign). Hypodensities demonstrated low PPVs of 0.41 (110/269) or lower for IVHG when stratified by OIT. When OIT was ≤ 2 h, the PPVs of hypodensities, blend sign, and island sign for RHE were 0.80 (215/269), 0.90 (142/157), and 0.83 (103/124), respectively. Conclusion: Hypodensities, blend sign, and island sign were the best NCCT predictors of RHE when OIT was ≤ 2 h. NCCT signs may assist in earlier recognition of the risk of hemorrhagic growth and guide early intervention to prevent neurological deterioration resulting from hemorrhagic growth.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2014

Variable message signs (VMS) have the different sizes and a specific type according to the city scene and it has to be displayed by different message on the display panel in real-time. And VMS manufacturers must produce the different products in order to give a customized product to each order. In addition that, they should test and check the correct operation to each VMS product using the different message frame. That is very time and workers consuming and VMS emulator with an automatic variable message generator system is necessary. Also, the automatic message generator system is needed to real-time scheduling in order to display the message on the VMS panel like real world. In this paper, we design and implement the VMS emulator embedded the automatic message frame generator system with real-time scheduling which can set several parameters easily on the windows dialog.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music therapy according to preferred music and to identify the effect of duration time and starting point of music therapy on anxiety and vital signs in spinal anesthesia operations. Method: These subjects were categorized into three groups based on the order of the date of operation. Data on anxiety and vital signs for this study were collected from them. The collected data were analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA. Result: The results of this study showed that preferred music, differences of duration times and starting points of music therapy didn't make significant differences in anxiety and vital signs among the three groups. However for anxiety, there was a meaningful difference within three groups. This result indicates even randomly chosen music by nurses considering the patients' age makes a meaningful difference in anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the conclusion can be made that music therapy is a useful nursing implementation to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing operations with spinal anesthesia.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2006

본 연구는 지하공간에서의 보행자를 위한 사인 시스템의 구축 방법에 관한 연구로, 대전시 지하상가의 사인을 사례로 이하의 조사를 실시하였다. 1)지하상가에서의 사인의 종류를 구분(區分)하고, 구간별(區間)종류의 기수(基數)비교.2)사언을 설치장소별(別),종류별,기능별,정보내용별로 구분하고, 그 기수의 비교.3)높이에 의한 사인의 종류를 구분하고,설치장소별에의 비교.4) 설치장소별 사인의 패턴(pattern)화. 그 결과, 현재 대전시 지하상가에서의 보행자사인은, 규칙적으로 일정하게 설치되어 있는 일정형(一定型)과,설치 장소에 따라 밀도 (密度)의 차(差)가 큰 밀집형(密集型)의 분포특성으로 나눌 수 있었다. 또한,사인의 종류와 기수의 차가 크고 사인이 출입구에 집중되어 있는 것, 사인에 있어서 설치장소에 따라 기능의 차가 큰 것에서, 설치장소에 따른 정보의 불규칙한 집중과 개성의 유무(有無)둥의 문제점이 나타났다 .그리고 북측( 北測)과 남측(南測)에서의 사인의 설치 수(數)에 차가 크고, 대부분의 사인이 남측에 집중되어 있는 것에서 정보의 종류와 양(量)에 있어서 편중(偏重)된 설치 상의 문제점이 나타났다 . 이에 해결책으로 사인을 설치함에 있어서 정보의 종류에 일관성을 가짐과 동시에 장소에서의 인식이 쉽도록 적절한 정보제공의 필요성을제시하였다

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : A fog generated field test was conducted to analyze the relationship between different sizes of variable speed limit signs and the legibility distance under various fog density conditions. By using this study, appropriate sizes of signs can be selected depending on the density of fog. METHODS : An actual tunnel was selected as the area for this test, as other places cannot maintain the fog condition because of rapid air current. A total 121 subjects were recruited for this test, which took place over the course of four days. The test on the first day was conducted under normal weather conditions for comparison. Visibility-distance detecting sensor was used to measure the visibility distance due to the fog density time, simultaneously with the evaluation of legibility distance by subjects. RESULTS : The test results show the relationship between the different sizes of signs and the legibility distance corresponding to the visibility distance due to both non-fog and fog generated conditions. According to the technical test results, appreciable amount of reduction in legibility distance due to fog was resulted in all sizes of signs. Moreover, the legibility distance is reduced proportionately with the decrease in the visibility distance due to fog. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can be used to select appropriate sizes of valuable speed signs under fog conditions. Hence, drivers can expect to have more room to respond to adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2014

Objective : The spot sign is related with the risk of hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, not all spot sign positive patients undergo hematoma expansion. Thus, the present study investigates the specific factors enhancing the spot sign positivity in predicting hematoma expansion. Methods : We retrospectively studied 316 consecutive patients who presented between March 2009 to March 2011 with primary ICH and whose initial computed tomography brain angiography (CTA) was performed at our Emergency Department. Of these patients, 47 primary ICH patients presented spot signs in their CTA. We classified these 47 patients into two groups based on the presence of hematoma expansion then analyzed them with the following factors : gender, age, initial systolic blood pressure, history of anti-platelet therapy, volume and location of hematoma, time interval from symptom onset to initial CTA, spot sign number, axial dimension, and Hounsfield Unit (HU) of spot signs. Results : Of the 47 spot sign positive patients, hematoma expansion occurred in 26 patients (55.3%) while the remaining 21 (44.7%) showed no expansion. The time intervals from symptom onset to initial CTA were $2.42{\pm}1.24$ hours and $3.69{\pm}2.57$ hours for expansion and no expansion, respectively (p=0.031). The HU of spot signs were $192.12{\pm}45.97$ and $151.10{\pm}25.14$ for expansion and no expansion, respectively (p=0.001). Conclusions : The conditions of shorter time from symptom onset to initial CTA and higher HU of spot signs are the emphasizing factors for predicting hematoma expansion in spot sign positive patients.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2010

차량 운전자 지원을 위한 연구에서 도로상에 위치한 교통 표지판은 운전자에게 아주 중요한 정보임에 틀림없다. 따라서 주행중인 차량에서 획득한 영상으로부터 실시간으로 교통 표지판을 검출하여 운전자에게 그 정보를 제공한다면 안전운전에 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 하지만 주행중인 차량으로부터 획득한 영상에는 차량과 노면의 진동에 의해 획득된 영상에 흐림 현상이 발생하고 또한 노이즈들이 포함되어 있어 정확한 표지판 검출이 어려운 문제점이 있다. 게다가 영상획득을 위한 촬영 각도나 날씨 등에 의해 교통 표지판의 고유한 색상과 모양이 서로 다르게 표현되는 문제점이 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 도로 환경과 같은 다양한 조도 변화가 포함된 교통 표지판 영상들로부터 고유색상 정보를 분석하고 HSI 고유칼라 모델을 생성하고 이를 이용하여 교통 표지판의 후보 영역을 검출한다. 그리고 모양정보 분석을 위해 교통 표지판의 고유한 형태학적 정보를 표현할 수 있는 불변 모멘트 특징정보를 추출하여 SVM을 통해 최종 교통 표지판 영역을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 도로에서 획득한 영상에서 실험한 결과, 교통 표지판 검출율은 91%, 그리고 프레임당 처리 시간은 0.38초이며, 제안한 방법은 실시간 지능형 교통 안내 시스템에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.377-388
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on changes in the vital signs of patients about to undergo an operation. The patients listened to the music at a time when they were feeling preoperative anxiety up until the preanesthesia was given in the operating room. The subjects for this study were selected from sixty patients to undergo operations, who were hospitalized at Dong Eui hospital in Pusan city. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. The subjects were from 20 years old to 69 years old, and had no other problem except the one requiring the operation, and no premedication. The data were collected during the period from July 1 to September 30, 1993. The method used in this study was to measure state-anxiety on the ward in the morning of the operation, and vital signs immediately before leaving for the operating room. Vital signs were measured immediately before the anesthesia was given and after the experimental group had listened to the music during the ten minutes needed to prepare the operation setting. The control group just waited during ten mimutes. Vital signs were check again before the anesthesia was given. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, mean±SD, p-value, and t-test using the SPSS progrom. The results of this study are : 1. Systolic blood pressure taken in the operating room was elevated, over the level measured on the ward, by 5.00 ± 15.26㎜Hg in experimental group and 18.67±14.56㎜Hg in control group. (t=-3.5496, p=.0008) 2. Diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 6.67±12.95㎜Hg in experimental group and 18.67±12. 79㎜Hg in control group. (t=-3.6100, p=.0006) 3. Pulse was elevated by 2.931±9.44 / min in experimental group and 8.03±8.37 /min in control group. (t=-2.2144, p=.0307) 4. Respiration was elevated by 0.60±1.35 /min in experimental group and 1.57±1.48 /min in control group. (t=-2.6409, p=.0106) 5. Body temperature was down by 0.13±1.91'c in experimental group and elevated by 1.13±1.11'c in control group. (t=-3.1471, p=.0026) Thus, in this study there was a statistically significant difference in the change in the vital signs between the experimental group treated with music therapy and the control group which received no treatment. Because music therapy is valuable to decrease the anxiety of patients facing operations, the result of this study support its effect in relieving anxiety as a valuable nursing intervention. From this study, the following recommendations can be made : First, it is necessary to further study music therapy to develope a better system and determine optimal time. Second, it is necessary that more detailed re-search on measurement of changes in vital signs be done to determine changes over time intervals.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects and relevant factors of community-based education and advocacy intervention on stroke awareness among the general population. Methods: The study enrolled 505 community-dwelling adults aged 19 years or older who completed a survey before and after a community-based intervention held between May 2014 and December 2014. Trained staff collected data about knowledge of five stroke warning signs, emergency response, golden window of time (${\leq}3h$), and demographics. Results: After the intervention, public awareness of all five stroke warning signs increased significantly from 26.5% to 33.9% (p=0.011). Public awareness of the golden window of time also increased significantly from 70.1% in April 2014 to 75.8% in December 2014 (p=0.040). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, higher education level, and exposure to stroke-related public service announcements or educational materials were significant predictors of knowledge of all five warning signs for stroke. Conclusions: Comprehensive community-based intervention is effective for improving public awareness of the warning signs of stroke and the golden window of time.