• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2015

Anionic small molecules are hard to penetrate the cell membranes because of their negative charges. Encapsulation of small molecules into liposome particles can provide target specific delivery of them. In our previous study, siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated into liposome particles using an asymmetric preparation method of liposomes. In this study, the same method was applied for encapsulation of small anionic fluorescent chemicals such as calcein and indocyanine green (ICG). More than 90% fluorescent chemicals were encapsulated in the asymmetric liposome particles (ALPs). No intracellular fluorescent signal was observed in the tumor cells treated with the unmodified calcein/ALPs and ICG/ALPs, whereas the surface modification with a cell-penetrating polyarginine peptide (R8 or R12) allows cellular uptake of the ALPs. The results demonstrate that the ALPs encapsulating small anionic drugs will be useful for target-specific delivery after modification of target-specific ligands.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2009

Heterologous secretory expression of endoglucanase E (Clostridium thermocellum) and ${\beta}$-glucosidase 1 (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) was achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation cultures as an ${\alpha}$-mating factor signal peptide fusion, based on the native enzyme coding sequence. Ethanol production depends on simultaneous saccharification of cellulose to glucose and fermentation of glucose to ethanol by a recombinant yeast strain as a microbial biocatalyst. Recombinant yeast strain expressing endoglucanase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase was able to produce ethanol from ${\beta}$-glucan, CMC and acid swollen cellulose. This indicates that the resultant yeast strain of this study acts efficiently as a whole cell biocatalyst.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

Isolation, cloning and sequencing of red seabream (Pagrus major) somatolactin (rsbSL) cDNA from pituitary gland revealed an open reading frame of 693 bp coding for a pre-growth hormone of 231 amino acids with a 22 amino acid putative signal peptide. Deduced amino acid sequence showed that there was one possible N-glycosylation site at Asn$^{145}$ and seven Cys residues (Cys$_{29}$ , Cys$^{39}$ , Cys$^{66}$ , Cys$^{89}$ , Cys$^{205}$ , Cys$^{222}$ , Cys$^{230}$ ). Except Cys$^{66}$ , others may be involved in disulfide bond formation. The rsbSL presented a 93% amino acid sequence identity with the SL of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and contained the conserved hormone domain region. Expression of rsbSL in E. coli (BL2l) cells and gel analysis revealed a higher molecular weight for rsbSL than expected theoretically, implying posttranslational modifications.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 1994

Developing rice endosperm cells display two morphologically distinct rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, the cisternae ER (C-ER) and theprotein body ER (PB-ER), the latter delimiting the prolamine protein bodies. We (Li et al., 1993) have recently shown that the storage protein mRNAs are not randomly distributed on these ER types; the C-ER is enriched for glutelin mRNAs, whereas the PB-ER harbors predominantly prolamine transcripts. To address whether these ER types have differnet capacities to translate these mRNAs and translocate their proteins into the lumen, a microsomal fraction enriched in C-ER vesicles was prepared from devleoping rice seeds. When present in an in vitro translatin system, the microsomes were able to proteolytically remove the signal peptide and internalize both preproglutelin and preprolamine within the microsomal vesicles. Of the two species, preprolamine was more effectively translocated and processed. These results suggest that the C-ER has the capacity to recognize and bind both storage protein mRNAs during protein synthesis. Moreover, efficient translocation and processing of glutelin requires additional factors that are deficient or absent in the in vitro system.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1996년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.26-26
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• 1996

The methionine-rich segments of the Fifty four homologue (Ffh) protein of Escherichia coli and its eukaryotic counterpart SRP54 are thought to bind signal sequences of secretory proteins. The structure of a chemically synthesized 25-residue-long peptide corresponding to one of the proposed methionine rich amphiphilic helices of Ffh was determined in water and in aqueous trifluroethanol (TFE) solution using CD ard NMR. (omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.145-145
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• 2003

Familial form of Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in presenilin-1 (PS-1) and presenilin-2 (PS-2). PS1 and PS2 mutation are known to similar effects on the production of amyloid ${\beta}$ peptide (A${\beta}$) and cause of neuronal cell death in the brain of patient of AD. The importance of the alternation of cellular calcium homeostasis in the neuronal cell death by PS1 mutation in a variety of experimental systems has been demonstrated.(omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.94.3-95
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• 2003

Familial form of Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in presenilin-l (PS-1) and presenilin-2 (PS-2). PS1 and PS2 mutation are known to similar effects on the production of amyloid peptide (A ) and cause of neuronal cell dath in the brain of patient of Alzheimer's disease. The importance of the alternation of cellular calcium homeostasis in the neuronal cell death by PS1 mutation in a variety of experimental systems has been demonstrated. However, no studies on the effect of PS2 of mutant PS2 on cellular calcium homeostasis, and relevance of its change to neuronal cell vulnerability against neurotoxins have been reported. (omitted)

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.254-258
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• 2000

소장의 상피세포내로 세균 세포가 들어가는 과정(invasion)은 Salmonella의 감염에서 중요한 단계이다. invasion은 Salmonella type III 분비장치에 의해 분비되는 단백질들에 의해 유도된다. type III 분비단백질들은 특이하게, 일반적인 분비단백질들이 가지는 N-말단 분비 신호 펩타이드를 가지고 있지 않는 것을 알려져 있다. Yersinia에서의 최근 연구에서 type III 분비장치에 의해 인지되는 분비신호는 분비 단백질을 암호화하는 mRNA의 5'말단부의가 형성하는 2차 구조에 있을 것이라는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Salmonella type III 분비장치의 분비신호를 조사하기 위해 type III 분비단백질중 하나인 sopE를 택하여 ompR과의 translational fusion을 만들었다. translational fusion을 위해 사용된 sopE DNA절편은 프로모터와 시작 콘돈으로부터 10, 15 코돈을 포함하는 절편이다. Immunoblot으로 확인한 결과, OmpR을 포함하는 fusion 단백질이 형질전환 Salmonella 세포로부터 분비되었다. 이러한 결과는 Salmonella의 type III 분비신호가 분비단백질을 암호화하는 mRNA의 5'말단에 위치할 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 분비신호를 활용하여 유용한 외래 단백질을 세균 세포 내에서 효과적으로 생산, 분비할 수 있는 secretion vector의 원형을 개발하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2007

Soluble or cell-bound IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) does not bind IL-1 but rather forms a complex with IL-1 and IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) resulting in signal transduction. Synthetic peptides to various regions in the Ig-like domains of IL-1RAcP were used to produce antibodies and these antibodies were affinity-purified using the respective antigens. An anti-peptide-4 antibody which targets domain III inhibited 70% of IL-$1\beta$-induced productions of IL-6 and PGE2 from 3T3-L1 cells. Anti-peptide-2 or 3 also inhibited IL-1-induced IL-6 production by 30%. However, antipeptide-1 which is directed against domain I had no effect. The antibody was more effective against IL-$1\beta$ compared to IL-$1\alpha$. IL-1-induced IL-6 production was augmented by coincubation with PGE2. The COX inhibitor ibuprofen blocked IL-1-induced IL-6 and PGE2 production. These results confirm that IL-1RAcP is essential for IL-1 signaling and that increased production of IL-6 by IL-1 needs the co-induction of PGE2. However, the effect of PGE2 is independent of expressions of IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP. Our data suggest that domain III of IL-1RAcP may be involved in the formation or stabilization of the IL-1RI/IL-1 complex by binding to epitopes on domain III of the IL-1RI created following IL-1 binding to the IL-1RI.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.356-361
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• 1997

We cloned a cDNA (pPRC-1) which was comprised of 841 nucleotides from the cDNA library of a male ICR mouse submandibular gland ($SMG^+$). The nucleotide sequences of pPRC-1 were identical to those of exons 2 and 3 of the mGK-21 gene, a potentially functional glandular kallikrein identified in a Balb/c mouse, except for one nucleotide residue. Although this substitution changes Ile (ATT) in pPRC-1 to Val (GTT) in mGK-21, this difference has been explained by strain polymorphism. From the amino acid sequences predicted from its cDNA, we speculated that mGK-21 gene products/pGK21 consist of 261 amino acids including the $NH_2$-terminal signal peptide (residues 1~17), the short propeptide (residues 17~24), and the active peptide (residues 25~261). Although we did not demonstrate the enzyme activity of pGK21, it was assumed that pGK 21 was involved in the maturation of certain bioactive polypeptide(s) in mouse SMG for the following reasons : (a) mGK-21 gene was apparently expressed in a male ICR mouse SMG: (b) the proposed active site $His^{65}$, $Asp^{120}$, and $Ser^{213}$ residues were completely conserved in pGK21 just like other glandular kallikreins; (c) the cloned cDNA was translated to a predicted 27 kDa polypeptide chain in vitro: (d) the 27 kDa polypeptide chain produced by CHO cells was produced to a putative active form by trypsin.