• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2021

Piercing is the process of shearing a circular hole in sheet metal, whose high shear force makes it difficult to secure the durability of tools. In addition, uneven clearance between tools due to poor alignment of the piercing punch causes accelerated die wear and breakage of the tool. This study reviewed the feasibility of in-situ determining alignment failure during the piercing process by analyzing the signal deviation of a bolt-type piezo sensor installed inside the tool whose alignment level was controlled. Finite element analysis was performed to select the optimal sensor location on the piercing tool for sensitive detection of process signals. A well-aligned piercing process results in uniform deformation in the circumferential direction, and shearing is completed at a stroke similar to the sheet thickness. Afterward, a sharp decrease in shear load is observed. The misaligned piecing punch leads to a gradual decrease in the load after the maximum shear load. This gradual decrease is due to the progressive shear deformation that proceeds in the circumferential direction after the initial crack occurs at the narrow clearance site. Therefore, analyzing the stroke at which the maximum shear load occurs and the load reduction rate after that could detect the misalignment of the piercing punch in real-time.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

스마트카드, USB token과 같은 저 전력 정보보호장치의 가장 큰 위협요소인 부채널 공격은 장치 내부에 구현된 암호 알고리즘의 이론적인 안전도와는 무관하게 적용될 수 있다. 특히, 부채널 공격들 중에서 차분 전력분석 공격은 적용이 쉽고 근본적인 방어가 어려워서 매우 위협적인 공격이지만 공격을 적용하기 위해서는 측정된 모든 신호가 시간축 상에서 매우 잘 정렬된 신호라는 전제조건이 필요하기 때문에, 트리거 지터링, 잡음, 차분 전력 분석 공격 방어책 등 여러 요인들에 의해 시간축 상에 정렬되지 않은 측정된 신호를 정렬하기 위한 여러 가지 방법들이 제안되어 왔다. 기존의 신호 정렬 방법들은 측정된 신호의 시간축 상의 위치만을 정렬하는 방법들이어서, 랜덤 클럭을 이용하여 알고리즘의 수행 시간(시간축 상의 신호 크기)을 변화시키는 차분 전력 분석 대응 방법에는 적용이 되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 측정된 소비 전력 신호를 보간(interpolation)과 추출(decimation) 과정을 통해서 시간축 상에서 위치뿐만 아니라 크기도 동시에 정렬시키는 향상된 신호 정렬 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 랜덤 클럭 방식의 차분 전력 분석 공격 방어대책이 구현된 스마트카드 칩에 개선된 신호 정렬 방법을 적용하여 차분 전력 분석 공격이 효과적으로 적용됨을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1999

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used to produce high quality images of the inside of the animal body. MRI is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and started out as a tomographic imaging technique, that is it produced an image of the NMR signal in a thin slice through the animal body. The animal body is primarily fat and water, Fat and water have many hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen nuclei have an NMR signal. For these reasons magnetic resonance imaging primarily images the NMR signal from the hydrogen nuclei. Hydrogen protons, within the body align with the magnetic field. By applying short radio frequency (RF) pulses to a specific anatomical slice, the protons in the slice absorb energy at this resonant frequency causing them to spin perpendicular to the magnetic field. As the protons relax back into alignment with the magnetic field, a signal is received by an RF coil that acts as an antennae. This signal is processed by a computer to produce diagnostic images of the anatomical area of interest.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 음성신호의 발성길이와 상관없이 일정한 크기의 파라미터를 얻을 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 음성인식기의 성능은 음성신호에서 추출된 파라미터간의 유사도(패턴간의 거리)를 어떻게 비교하는지에 따라 결정된다. 그러나 화자에 따른 음성신호의 변이나 발성속도의 차이는 음성신호에서 일정한 크기의 파라미터 추출을 어렵게 한다. 제안한 방법은 음성신호에서 얻어진 파라미터를 스펙토그램의 형태로 표현한 뒤 2차원 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)를 이용해 일정한 크기의 파라미터로 정규화시키는 방법이다. 제안한 방법의 유효성을 입증하기 위해 청각세포를 모델링한 32개의 대역통과 필터로부터 얻어진 음성신호의 파라미터를 2차원 DCT 방법으로 가공한 후, 신경 회로망의 입력으로 사용하였다. 또한 기존 방법과의 인식률 비교를 위해 기존의 정규화된 입력을 구하는 방법 중 하나를 선택하여 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안한 방법은 기존 방법에 비해 화자종속 및 화자독립 고립단어 인식에서 더 높은 인식률과 빠른 인식속도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 1996

Most of the conventional electrocardiowaphs foil to detect signals other than P-QRS-T due to the limited SNR and bandwidth. High-resolution electrocardiography(HRECG) provides better SNR and wider bandwidth for the detection of micro-potentials with higher frequency components such as vontricular late potentials(LP). We have developed a HRECG using uncorrected XYZ lead for the detection of LPs. The overall gain of the amplifier is 4000 and the bandwidth is 0.5-300Hz without using 60Hz notch filter. Three 16-bit A/D converters sample X, Y, and Z signals simultaneously with a sampling frequency of 2000Hz. Sampled data are transmitted to a PC via a DMA-controlled, optically-coupled serial communication channel. In order to further reduce the noise, we implemented a signal averaging algorithm that averaged many instances of aligned beats. The beat alignment was carried out through the use of a template matching technique that finds a location maximizing cross-correlation with a given beat tem- plate. Beat alignment error was reduced to $\pm$0.25ms. FIR high-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 40Hz was applied to remove the low frequency components of the averaged X, Y, and Z signals. QRS onset and end point were determined from the vector magnitude of the sigrlaIL and some parameters needed to detect the existence of LP were estimated. The entire system was designed for the easy application of the future research topics including the optimal lead system, filter design, new parameter extraction, etc. In the developed HRECG, without signal averaging, the noise level was less than 5$\mu$V$_rms RTI$. With signal averaging of at least 100 beats, the noise level was reduced to 0.5$\mu$V$_rms RTI$, which is low enough to detect LPs. The developed HRECG will provide a new advanced functionality to interpretive ECG analyzers.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.124-127
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• 1994

A technique based on bispectrun averaging is described for generally recovering the signal waveform from a set of noisy signals with variable signal delay. The technique does not require explicit tune alignment of signals and any initial estimate of signal. The new method is suggested and is compared with other methods. This method are numerically investigated using computer generated-data and a physiological signal and noise Some experimental results for the evoked potential studios that demonstrate the technique are given. The results show the effectiveness of the technique: various potential applications of the technique might be expected.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1995

A technique based on bispectrum averaging is described for generally recovering the signal waveform from a set of noisy signals with variable signal delay. The technique does not require explicit time alignment of signals and initial estimate of sigals and initial etimate of signal. The new method is suggested and is compared with other methods. This method are numerically investigated using computer generated-data and a phtsiological signal and noise. Some expermeental results for the evoked potential studies that demonstrate the technique are given. The results show the effectiveness of the technique : various potential applictions of the techique might be expected.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.822-829
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 무선광열에서 잡음광의 영향을 소거하는 동시에, 신호광원의 미세한 정렬변동에 의하여 빔의 진행방향이 이동할 경우 발생하는 출력전압의 변동을 막기 위한 자동정렬형 차동검출기를 개발하여 소개한다. 이 구조에서는 신호빔과 수직한 포토다이오드 배열을 사용하여 빔의 중심위치를 감지하고, x축과 y축에 해당하는 모토를 구동한다. 포토다이오드배열은 자신의 위치가 항상 신호빔의 중심에 오도록 자동적으로 조절하는 동시에 차동검출방식으로 잡음광의 영향을 소거하는 기능을 가지므로 무선광연결에서 매우 유용하게 쓸수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.168-186
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigate the degrees of freedom (DoF) of a two-cluster multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiway relay interference channel (mRIC), where there are two relays and two users per cluster. In this channel, users within the same cluster exchange messages among themselves with the help of two relays.We first obtain the DoF upper bound of the considered MIMO mRIC based on cut-set bound. Then, we propose a novel transmission strategy, blind interference neutralization (BIN), to approach the DoF upper bound. This new method utilizes the overheard information at two relays and focuses on the beamforming matrix designs at two relays so that the channel state information (CSI) at users is not required. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we show that the DoF upper bound can be obtained by using the BIN scheme. From simulation results, we show that the proposed BIN scheme can provide significant performance gain over the conventional time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme in terms of DoF. In addition, we show that the BIN scheme is a superior approach to the existing signal space alignment (SSA) schemes for the considered mRIC.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1034-1042
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• 2016

The detection of P-waves and T-wave in the electrocardiogram signal analysis is an important issue. But the accuracy of the boundary detection algorithm is an insufficient level in the change of slow transition in the signal compared to the QRS complex. This study proposes an algorithm to detect P-wave and T-wave sequentially after determining local baseline using QRS complex. First, we detected the peak points based on local baseline and determined the onset and offset through the calculation of the area of the section. After modifying the baseline using detected waveform, we detected the other waveform in the same way and separated the P-wave and the T-wave based on the location. We used the PhysioNet QT database to evaluate the performances of the algorithm, and calculate the mean and the standard deviations. The experiment results show that standard deviations are under the tolerances accepted by expert physicians, and outperform the results obtained by the other algorithms.