• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2015

Safety, resilience and comfort of pedestrian were assessed by the British Pendulum Test and SB/GB factor test at 8 kinds of sidewalk pavement. Sidewalk paving materials were normal concrete, porous concrete, concrete block, soil concrete, asphalt, rubber chip/resin mixture, wood chip/resin mixture and floor tile. In addition, a survey was conducted to investigate the perception of pedestrians on the sidewalk paving material. As a result, while the skid resistance value was measured in the most 60BPN above, the floor tile showed a low value of about 30BPN. The ratios of SB factor to GB factor of the elastic pavements(rubber/resin mixture and wood chip/resin mixture) appeared to be relatively large when compared with those of the conventional sidewalks. The survey showed that respondents perceived as more safe and comfortable elastic pavements compared to conventional pavements. Approximately 50% of respondents answered that hardened soil pavement was the most environmentally friendly.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.2D
• /
• pp.265-273
• /
• 2006

On the occasion of high price oil generation, we have to promote activation policy for public transportation and hold back to use passenger car, it is very important to improve of sidewalk environment for pedestrian. Evaluation for sidewalk environment will be fixed with sensibility to feel pedestrian. So, study for sensibility about comfort etc. to feel pedestrian will be carried out. In this paper, researchers interests in engineering methods to make material considering sensibility and image of human. Therefore, we carried out recognition experiment for sidewalk environment with Kansei engineering, and made a quantitativedata of sensibility adjective that it was surveyed by semantic deferential method. After grasp factors by principal analysis, we found factor effect to design criterion and sidewalk environment preference. So, we could identify a design factor for comfort environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2008

In this study, the green zone patterns of sidewalks are classified 'one street-tree row + building,' 'one street-tree row + green zone,' 'two street-tree rows + building,' and 'two street-tree rows + green zone' and assessed their visual characteristic in order to provide desirable measures for scenery design. As a result of the analysis of visual images of sidewalk, the scenery in which street trees are planted in one row was generally assessed to be negative, while roads where green zones rather than buildings are adjacent were revealed to seem stable and pleasant. The scenery in which street trees are planted in two rows was assessed highly in an image of 'extensionality' indicating street circumstances, and especially the pattern 'two street-tree rows + green zone' was shown to be the most beautiful scenery. According to the results of factor analysis of sidewalks, three factors were identified : 'extensionality' showing sidewalk circumstances; 'peculiarity' including unique personality, and 'pliability' showing the organic flow of the scenery. The results of the analysis of visual preference of the scenery according to green zone patterns showed that the 'two street-tree rows + green zone' was measured to be highest. When buildings are adjacent to a sidewalk, two street-tree rows rather than one street-tree row were assessed to increase preference. As for the correlation between visual factors and preference analyzed through multiple regression analysis, all 'extensionality,' 'peculiarity,' and 'pliability' were revealed to show positive correlation for visual preference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to categorize the types of sidewalk cafes, and to evaluate design factors with types of sidewalk cafes for street revitalization. Consequently, it may suggest efficient and systemic policies for the guidelines of sidewalk cafes. To ensure this end, the types of sidewalk cafes were categorized from the street relationship perspective by site investigation. A literature review and importance analysis were used to select the evaluation criteria, and the data were analyzed by statistic methods such as descriptive analysis and factor analysis. As a result, five main factors of the evaluation criteria were contracted: accessibility, aesthetics, identity, environmental, culturedness. Cumulative factor loading of these five factors was 68.731%, which was quite high. And the evaluation using the Likert scale was performed by 4 experts. Types of sidewalk cafes were categorized into 5 types: protruding, gating, blending stereoscopic, elevation angle, and sign provision from the street relationship perspective. On the evaluation by type, aesthetics and culturedness were the worst evaluated in the protruding type and the gating type, culturedness was the worst in the blending stereoscopic type, accessibility, aesthetics, culturedness were the worst in the elevation angle type, and accessibility, identity, culturedness were the worst in the sign provision type. On the evaluation by the indicators, culturedness was the worst evaluated, and on the evaluation by criteria, 'safety for impaired persons', 'interest of programs', 'openness of entrance' were the worst. It is recommended that a survey of importance-performance analysis focused on users be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2015

Sources related to road dust is one of the biggest sources, which is responsible for a large portion of emission. In particular, PM2.5 is a potential cause for respiratory diseases, thus it should be managed and a mitigation plan using results of statistical apportionment modeling such as chemical mass balance needs to be established. Recently, identifying sources of PM2.5 and analyzing the contribution of the road dust through a contribution assessment is required. Therefore, this study provides the chemical source profiles of PM2.5 using IC, GC/MS, OCEC, and XRF for both paved sidewalk and paved roadway collected at seven different sampling sites. As a result, for paved sidewalk, $NH{_4}^+$ (70%), $NO{_3}^-$ (12%), $PO{_4}^-$ (9%), and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ (9%) have been analyzed in PM2.5 mass. Major molecular marker such as Si has been indicated as $12.0{\pm}3.4%$ and $13.6{\pm}6.9%$ for paved sidewalk and roadway, respectively. PAHs such as Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Chrysene, and 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene are suggested as molecular markers for road dust.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2018

After the "Landscaping Law" was enacted in 2007 Korea, national and local governments has been responding swiftly by seeking various methods. Seoul Metropolitan City and other municipalities have established "Seoul Coloring and Systematization" project, which analyzes and extracts the humanities, humanities and natural environments in 2007 as an opportunity to recognize the importance of environmental color. However, it is necessary to slightly supplement the color scheme created by the observer's concept. In this way, you have to find the color of the environment in a city where real life takes place. The city's environmental color has the concept of "walking" as the basic human behavior. Because the average speed is 4km, it differs from that of a vehicle that travels more than 60km per hour. Also, most of the frontage zone is used except for special cases. Therefore the characteristics of the environmental color and frontage zone on the road side were concluded in this paper as Single Type, Connection Type, and Extension Type. In addition, the principle of environmental color of city was established by the change of texture according to space of time and the characteristics of urban scale, and new media characteristics were found in various interactions. The results of this study suggest an environmental coloring strategy for workability such as hue continuity, hue harmonization and integrated design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.55-71
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation method to assess green environments of streetscapes to improve urban street green spaces in Jeonju City. Through a rapid assessment of urban street green spaces, we suggest an objective basis for expanding street green space as well as for adopting sustainable maintenance and improvement measures. We choose 12 sections of streetscapes (roads and sidewalks) to investigate existing street conditions which have more than four lanes and function as major road axes. Six large roads and six medium roads of Jeonju City center area are investigated as pilot assessment study sites. Site inventory checklists consist of environmental characteristics of streetscape, street tree status, and planting condition evaluation. Environmental characteristics of streetscapes are composed of physical and neighborhood factors. For instance, items for physical factors are types and width of road/sidewalks, paving materials, tree protection materials, and green strip. And surrounding landuse is a neighborhood factor. Assessment items for street tree status are street plant names (tree/shrubs/ground cover), size, and planting intervals. Planting condition evaluation items are tree shape, damage, canopy density, and planting types with existence of adjacent green space. Evaluation results are classified into three levels such as A(maintain or repair), B(greening enhancement), and C(structural improvement). In case of grade A, streetscapes have enough sidewalk width for maintaining green strip and a multi-layered planting(in large road only) with fairly good growing conditions of street trees. For grade B and C, streetscapes have a moderate level of sidewalk width with a single street tree planting. In addition, street tree growing conditions are appeared poor so that green enhancement or maintenance measures are needed. For median, only grade B and C are found as its planting growing foundations are very limited in space. As a result, acquiring enough sidewalk space is essential to enhance ecological quality of urban street green. Especially, it is necessary to have green strip with reasonable widths for plant growing conditions in sidewalks. In addition, we need to consider native species with multi-layer plant compositions while designing street green.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.1111-1121
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of perceived walking environment around neighborhood on satisfaction for old adults in Daegu. The study was conducted using 407 questionnaires were collected through the survey. The walking environment was categorized into accessibility to neighborhood walking facilities and walking environment around path. Regarding perception of walking accessibility, access to 'public transit stops' and to 'medical facilities' was relatively high. For walking environment, 'pavement condition', 'continuity of sidewalk', and 'slope of sidewalk' were rated relatively high. Multiple regression analysis after factor analysis of walking environment variables showed that religious and convenient facilities, park and leisure facilities, and medical and welfare facilities had a significant effect on satisfaction in walking accessibility. For walking environment the convenience for walking, safety for walking, and amenities for walking had a significant effect on satisfaction. The findings from this study can be used for improving the walking environment for old adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of defects according to the type of block and spatial type by quantitatively examining defects occurring in block pavement in apartment complex. According to the research results, depending on the type of block, defects have occurred 1,394.3ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 464.8ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, and 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks. By space type, the defects were occurred 1,576.0ea/100㎡ on the access road paved by interlocking paver blocks and the defects were found 1,139.6ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks, and 797.1ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, on the sidewalk. Also the defects are occurred 455.6ea/100㎡ on the resting space and 403.2ea/100㎡ on the gym space paved by clay brick paver blocks. Through the size analysis of the defects in the block paver, in the case 'peeling', the largest volume of 2,539.0㎣ on the sidewalk paved with shot blasted paver blocks, and 'Subsidence' occurred at the widest area of 2,096.0㎠ on the sidewalk where interlocking paver block was constructed. The difference in defect occurrence according to the type of block is considered to be influenced by the block production process, and the space type is considered to be caused the difference in the occurrence of defects according to the cause of construction and the usage pattern of residents. This study conducted a survey on defects in block and analyzed the defect characteristic according to paver material and space type. Base on this, it is judged that it can be used as an efficient basic data for material replacement, improvement, paver planning and construction in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2016

This study aims to figure out the behavior of runoff and drainage of pervious sidewalk block in actual construction environment by experiments. The specimens with surface layer and bedding layer are subjected to the drainage test by considering unsaturated condition and unique rainfall condition in urban areas. The repeated drainage test and clogging test were conducted with time intervals, and 3D X-ray CT image analysis and evaporation test were carried out for a quantitative analysis of drainage test. The results present that the spatial distribution of pores by evaporation for time intervals induces runoff. Especially, the bedding layer under the block is significantly critical in overall hydraulic behavior such as drainage and evaporation compared to the surface layer. Moreover, the sediments in pores promote the change in pores by evaporation and this induces deteriorated drainage capacity which is hard to recover. In addition, it is revealed that the maximum runoff height grows as the drainage capacity declines depending on the pre-wetting condition.