• 제목/요약/키워드: siderophore(s)

검색결과 81건 처리시간 0.031초

인삼사포닌 분획이 Escherichia coli K-12의 성장과 Siderophore 생성에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Ginseng Saponin Fraction on Growth and Siderophore Formation in Eseherichia coli K-12)

  • 조영동;이용범
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.102-107
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    • 1983
  • The effects of saponin, one of major components (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), on the growth of E. coli K-12 and the formation of siderphore was observed The following results were obtained. 1. When E. coli was grown on medium containing 1${\times}$10-5%-11${\times}$10-1% of the saponin, the rate of growth was stimulated at 10-1% of the saponin significantly compared to that of control. 2. When E. coli K-12 was grown on medium containing 1${\times}$10-1% of the saponin, the amount of siderphore was two times as much as the control. 3. The growth of E. coli was observed to be dependent on the concentration of siderophore when siderophore was added to medium. 4. The effect of saponin on the formation of siderophore in vitro was observed to reach maximum at 1${\times}$10-3% of the saponin. Such results suggest that the growth rate of E. coli K-12 could be enhanced by ginseng saponin fraction through stimulation of siderphore formation. We have described the fast growth of E. coli, K-12 and B. subtilis, rapid uptake of 14C-glucose, and high level of other metabolites such as lipids and proteins of E. coli, and B. subtilis in medium containing saponing fraction compared to that of microorganisms without saponin fraction.1∼3Such differences were claimed to be due to rapid uptake of 14C-glucose by widened periplasmic region throught unknown mechanism in the prescence of saponin fraction in medium3 and have raised a question whether there is another possible factor, siderophore4(Greek for iron bears), since microorganisms must secure a sufficient amount of iron for normal growth. These are known to be synthesized by the cells under iron-deficient condition and in most case, excreted into the medium5, where they can complex and solubilize any iron present there. It is generally believed that these complexes are then taken into the cells presumably by specific transport systems, thus providing iron for cell metabolism. Within the group of enteric bacteria, only three species (E. coli, S. typhimurium, and A. aerogense) have, so far, been studied in a ny detail. The main iron-binding compound produced by these species is enterochelin, and its role in iron transport is now well established. And biosynthesis of enterochelin from 2, 3- dihydroxybenzoate and serine in the prescence of magnesium ions and ATP was reported6. 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate was also shown to involve isochorismate and 2, 3-dihydro-2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate as intermediate.7∼11 The present paper deals with the effect of ginseng saponin fraction on growth, the level of enterochelin formation in vivo and the conversion of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate and serine into entrochelin in vitro, and entrochelin obtained on the growth in relation to possible explanation of ginseng saponin fraction on the rapid growth of E. coli, K-12.

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생물방제 및 생물비료 활성을 가지는 세균의 분리 및 특성 (Isolation and Characteristics of Bacteria Showing Biocontrol and Biofertilizing Activities)

  • 정호일;김근기;박현철;이상몽;김용균;김홍성;이충렬;손홍주
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.1682-1688
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    • 2007
  • 다기능성 농업용 미생물 제제를 개발하기 위하여 생물방제 및 생물비료 활성을 가지는 미생물을 탐색하였다. 본 연구실에서 분리 및 동정된 균주가운데 Pantoea agglomerans 및 Bacillus megaterium을 실험군주로 선정하였으며, 경남 밀양에 위치하는 양계장 부근 부엽토로부터 새로운 다목적 세균 MF12를 분리하였다. 형태학적, 배양적, 생화학적 특성 및 16S rDNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과, MF12는 Bacillus pumilis로 동정되었다. 이 균주들의 불용성 인산 가용능, IAA 및 siderophore 생성능, ammonification ability, 식물병원성 진균 세포성분 분해효소 생성능 및 항진균능을 조사하였다. P. agglomerans는 고체배지에서 불용성 인산을 가용화할 수 없었으나 액체배지에서는 가용성 인산을 생성하였다. 상기 모든 균주들은 배양시간에 따라 $3{\sim}639{\mu}g/ml$의 IAA를 생성하였으며, P. agglomerans만이 siderophore를 생성하였다. 이 균주는 pectinase와 lipase를 생성하였다. B. megaterium은 amylase, pretense 및 lipase를 생성한 반면 B. pumilisr는 protease와 lipase를 생성하였다. P. agglomerans는 Fusarium oxysporum과 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides의 생육을 억제하였으며, B. pumilis는 Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 및 Phythium ultimum의 생육을 억제하였다.

Pseudomonas otitidis PS 균주의 항생물질 생산과 작용 기작 (Antibiotic Production of Pseudomonas otitidis PS and Mode of Action)

  • 안경준
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 2018
  • Gram 양성세균의 생육을 억제하는 세균을 청주시 무심천 토양에서 분리하였으며, 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 분석 결과 Pseudomonas otitidis PS로 동정하였다. PS 균주는 0.5%의 glucose가 포함된 1% soybean meal 배지에서 2차 대사 산물로서 최대 약 0.1%의 수율로 항생물질을 생산하였다. 항생물질 성분은 ethyl acetate로 추출하였으며, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1261에 대한 minimum inhibitory concentration은 $2{\mu}g/ml$이었다. 이 성분은 siderophore 활성을 띠어서 chrome azurol S 평판배지에서 주황색 halo를 나타내었으며, 철이 제거되면 생육 억제 효과는 감소하였다. Ascorbic acid 같은 환원제를 첨가하거나 혐기적 환경에서는 항생물질 활성을 잃으므로 PS 항생물질은 활성산소를 방출하여 bactericidal activity를 갖는 것으로 보인다.

Staphylococcus aureus Siderophore-Mediated Iron-Acquisition System Plays a Dominant and Essential Role in the Utilization of Transferrin-Bound Iron

  • Park Ra Young;Sun Hui Yu;Choi Mi Hwa;Bai Young Hoon;Shin Sung Heui
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.183-190
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    • 2005
  • Staphylococcus aureus is known to be capable of utilizing transferrin-bound iron, via both siderophore­and transferrin-binding protein (named IsdA)-mediated iron-acquisition systems. This study was designed in order to determine which iron-acquisition system plays the essential or dominant role with respect to the acquisition of iron from human transfenin, in the growth of S. aureus. Holotransferrin (HT) and partially iron-saturated transferrin (PT), but not apotransferrin (AT), were found to stimulate the growth of S. aureus. S. aureus consumed most of the transferrin-bound iron during the exponential growth phase. Extracellular proteases were not, however, involved in the liberation of iron from transferrin. Transferrin-binding to the washed whole cells via IsdA was not observed during the culture. The expression of IsdA was observed only in the deferrated media with AT, but not in the media supplemented with PT or HT. In contrast, siderophores were definitely produced in the deferrated media with PT and HT, as well as in the media supplemented with AT. The siderophores proved to have the ability to remove iron directly from transferrin, but the washed whole cells expressing IsdA did not. In the bioassay, the growth of S. aureus on transferrin-bound iron was stimulated by the siderophores alone. These results demonstrate that the siderophore-mediated iron-acquisition system plays a dominant and essential role in the uptake of iron from transferrin, whereas the IsdA-mediated iron-acquisition system may play only an ancillary role in the uptake of iron from transferrin.

The RpoS Sigma Factor Negatively Regulates Production of IAA and Siderophore in a Biocontrol Rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6

  • Oh, Sang A;Kim, Ji Soo;Park, Ju Yeon;Han, Song Hee;Dimkpa, Christian;Anderson, Anne J.;Kim, Young Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 2013
  • The stationary-phase sigma factor, RpoS, influences the expression of factors important in survival of Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 in the rhizosphere. A partial proteomic profile of a rpoS mutant in P. chlororaphis O6 was conducted to identify proteins under RpoS regulation. Five of 14 differentially regulated proteins had unknown roles. Changes in levels of proteins in P. chlororaphis O6 rpoS mutant were associated with iron metabolism, and protection against oxidative stress. The P. chlororaphis O6 rpoS mutant showed increased production of a pyoverdine-like siderophore, indole acetic acid, and altered isozyme patterns for peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Consequently, sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide exposure increased in the P. chlororaphis O6 rpoS mutant, compared with the wild type. Taken together, RpoS exerted regulatory control over factors important for the habitat of P. chlororaphis O6 in soil and on root surfaces. The properties of several of the proteins in the RpoS regulon are currently unknown.

Proteomic Analysis of the GacA Response Regulator in Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6

  • Anderson, Anne J.;Kim, Young Cheol
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.162-169
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    • 2018
  • The GacS/GacA system in the root colonizer Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a key regulatory system of many traits relevant to the plant probiotic nature of this bacterium. The work in this paper elucidates proteins using proteomics approach in P. chlororaphis O6 under the control of the cytoplasmic regulatory protein, GacA. A gacA mutant of P. chlororaphis O6 showed loss in production of phenazines, acyl homoserine lactones, hydrogen cyanide, and protease, changes that were associated with reduced in vitro antifungal activity against plant fungal pathogens. Production of iron-chelating siderophore was significantly enhanced in the gacA mutant, also paralleling changes in a gacS mutant. However, proteomic analysis revealed proteins (13 downregulated and 7 upregulated proteins in the mutant compared to parental strain) under GacA control that were not apparent by a proteomic study of a gacS mutant. The putative identity of the downregulated proteins suggested that a gacA mutant would have altered transport potentials. Notable would be a predicted loss of type-VI secretion and PEP-dependent transport. Study of mutants of these GacA-regulated proteins will indicate further the features required for probiotic potential in this rhizobacterium.

Production, Purification, and Characterization of Antifungal Metabolite from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SD12, a New Strain Obtained from Tannery Waste Polluted Soil

  • Dharni, Seema;Alam, Mansoor;Kalani, Komal;Abdul-Khaliq, Abdul-Khaliq;Samad, Abdul;Srivastava, Santosh Kumar;Patra, Dharani Dhar
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.674-683
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    • 2012
  • A new strain, SD12, was isolated from tannery waste polluted soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the basis of phenotypic traits and by comparison of 16S rRNA sequences. This bacterium exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The strain produced phosphatases, cellulases, proteases, pectinases, and HCN and also retained its ability to produce hydroxamate-type siderophore. A bioactive metabolite was isolated from P. aeruginosa SD12 and was characterized as 1-hydroxyphenazine ((1-OH-PHZ) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. The strain was used as a biocontrol agent against root rot and wilt disease of pyrethrum caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The stain is also reported to increase the growth and biomass of Plantago ovata. The purified compound, 1-hydroxyphenazine, also showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity towards a range of phytopathogenic fungi, which is the first report of its kind.

고추역병과 시들음병을 방제하는 토착길항세균 Pseudomonas fluorescens 4059의 선발과 길항기작 (Selection and Antagonistic Mechanism of Pseudomonas fluorescens 4059 Against Phytophthora Blight Disease)

  • 정희경;김상달
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.312-316
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    • 2004
  • 토양 우점능이 강한 생물학적 방제제 제조를 위해 경북지역 토양에서 길항균주를 분리하고 이들 중 Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici 에 강력한 길항능을 보이는 Pseudomonas sp. 4059 를 선발, 동정하였다. Pseudomonas sp. 4059 의 시들음 병균 Fusarium oxysporum, 고추 역병균 Phytophthora capsici 에 대한 길항기작은 내열성 저분자의 항생물질과 철이온을 특이적으로 흡착하는 siderophore의 생산에 의한 것이다. Pseudomonas sp. 4059 는 항진균성 항생물질 Phenazine 생산 유전자를 소유하며 Salkowski test에 양성인 옥신류 생산도 한다는 것을 확인하였다. Pseudomonas sp. 4059 는 bioochemical tests, API test, MicroLogTM system을 통해 Pseudomonas fluorescens (biotype A)으로 98% 상동성을 보였으므로 이를 Pseudomonas fluorescens (biotype A) 4059 로 명명하였다. 선발된 길항균 Pseudomonas fluorescens (biotype A) 4059는 고추를 기주식물로 하였을 때 고추역병균인 Phytophthora capsici가 원인이 되는 고추역병을 in vivo 상에서도 충분히 억제할 수 있는 생물방제능을 나타내었다.

Bacillus sp. GJ-1의 Phytophthora capsici에 대한 항진균활성 (Antifungal Activity of Bacillus sp. GJ-1 Against Phytophthora capsici)

  • 이건주;한준희;신종환;김흥태;김경수
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.112-117
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    • 2013
  • Phytophthora capsici는 고추에 역병을 일으켜 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 세계적으로 심각한 피해를 주는 대표적인 식물병원균이다. 최근 환경문제로 화학 농약을 대체하여 유용미생물을 이용한 생물학적 방제가 가장 바람직한 방제 방법으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고추역병에 피해를 보이지 않는 건전한 고추재배지 근권에서 토양시료를 채취하여 토양근권세균을 분리하였다. 총 360여점의 미생물 콜로니를 분리하였으며, 이들 콜로니의 색깔과 모양 등의 형태학적 특징을 기준으로 총 12개의 그룹으로 재분류하였다. 그 중 항균작용을 알아보기 위해 실시한 in vitro 실험에서 고추역병균에 길항효과를 보인 GJ-1, GJ-11, GJ-12 균주를 분리하였으며 길항효과가 없는 균주 2개(GJ-4, GJ-5)를 대조군으로 선발하였다. 선발된 5균주에 대하여 sidero-phore의 활성을 검정한 결과 GJ-1과 GJ-5 두 균주가 CAS 배지에서 orange halo zone을 크게 형성하여 siderophore를 많이 분비하는 균주로 확인되었다. 그리고 토양중의 난용성 인산염을 가용화시켜 식물의 생장촉진효과를 보이는 phosphate solubilization 활성을 검정한 결과 GJ-1, GJ-5, GJ-12 균주가 난용성 인산염에 대한 분해능력을 나타내었다. 따라서 P. capsici에 강한 항균활성을 나타내며 siderophore를 생산하고 인산가용화 능력이 뛰어난 유용미생물 GJ-1을 최종적으로 선발하였다. 최종 선발된 GJ-1균주를 동정하여 Bacillus sp.로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. GJ-1의 길항작용은 Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Fusarium solani에 대한 식물병원성 진균에서도 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 Bacillus sp. GJ-1은 생물학적 방제제로 고추역병균을 포함하여 다른 토양 식물병원성 진균 방제에 이용 가치가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Pseudomonas fluorescens BB2 균주가 생산하는 단백질성 항생물질에 의한 효모 Candida 생육 억제 (Inhibition of yeast Candida growth by protein antibiotic produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens BB2)

  • 안경준
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.448-452
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    • 2015
  • 효모의 생육을 억제하는 세균을 배추의 근권 토양에서 분리하였다. API 20NE test와 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 분석 결과 Pseudomonas fluorescens BB2로 동정되었다. P. fluorescens BB2 균주는 3%의 glucose가 포함된 YM 배지에서 $20^{\circ}C$로 배양하였을 때 효모에 대한 항생물질을 2차 대사산물로서 효과적으로 생산하였다. BB2 균주의 단백질성 항생물질은 ammonium sulfate에 의한 침전과 N-butanol 추출에 의해 농축되었으며, 효모의 생육을 억제하는데 Candida albicans KCTC 7965에 대한 minimal inhibitory concentration은 $10{\mu}g/ml$이었고, $80{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 완전히 억제하였다. N-butanol 추출에 의한 친수성 분획은 Bacillus cereus ATCC 21366의 생육을 억제하였으며, chrome azurol S 평판배지에서 주황색 halo를 생성하므로 철과 결합하는 siderophore를 포함한다. 세포막을 통한 crystal violet의 흡수를 조사한 결과 효모 C. albicans에 대한 소수성 항생물질 $60{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서는 대조군에 비해 막 투과성이 약 9% 증가하였다. P. fluorescens BB2 균주가 생산하는 항생물질은 효모 Candida의 생육을 억제하는 antimicrobial peptide의 일종으로 보이며, 이는 Pseudomonas 속에서는 처음으로 보고되는 것이다.