• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.251-265
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• 2004

The agricultural sector's economic structure in Korea is regarded to encounter major barriers on the way toward revitalizing its economic prosperity. Among many, the energy-related problem is one of prime nuclei embedded in the country's agricultural sector. The ought-to-come structural changes in the country's agricultural energy system hinge upon the central government's policy direction as well as efforts of local governments and local farming community members. The indirect aids via 'cross subsidy' of electricity tariff rate and 'tax-exempt price' of oil fuels are two notable causes of the unsustainable energy consumption pattern in the country's agricultural sector. As measures, demand-side management(DSM) and energy-efficiency promotions are regarded to be the most attractive methods for energy conservation and economic productivity as well. Development of renewable energy sources are also receiving a great deal of attention for the long-term alternatives to the country's existing oil-based agricultural production mode. This study examines the contributive potential of DSM approaches and renewables-based technologies. With the critical evaluation on the concurrent adversities of the country's agricultural energy system, various sources of renewable energy-solar power, wind power, biomass, etc.-are examined for the purpose of technological and economical viability. As sufficient potentials of renewable energy sources are being estimated, both the system production cost and the installation cost for the county's rural areas are expected to lower in the long term. DSM options are also evaluated to be fruitful even in the short term. Both the public and civil arenas must galvanise each side's effort in order to promote these policy options and community potentials.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate dietary quality of Korea Antarctic expedition by menu analysis. Basic menu pattern, intake of dish and dish group, DDS (dietary diversity score), daily nutrients supply, and NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) & MAR (mean adequacy ratio) were analyzed using 1 year menu list for the 10th Korea Antarctic expedition. Most frequently served basic menu patterns were ${\ulcorner}$Rice + Soup + 2 Side dish + Kimchi (53.5%)${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Rice + Stew + 2 Side dish + Kimchi (13.4%)${\lrcorner}$. In the analysis of dish group, excluding Rice and Kimchi, ${\ulcorner}$Grilled foods${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Pan-fried foods${\lrcorner}$ were served more than 25% per month. Most frequently served dishes were "pan-fried rolled egg", "grilled seaweed", "kimchi soup", "fruits cocktail, canned" and "salt-fermented squid". The kinds of served dishes were very restrictive. The average score of DDS showed 2.88 for summer and 2.97 for winter. Dairy group was almost not served. Fruit & Vegetable groups were also served a little as canned product. The energy ratio of Carbohydrate : Fat : Protein was 56.5 : 23.9 : 19.2, and 56.9 : 24.5 : 18.3, for summer and winter, respectively. Both seasons had higher ratio of carbohydrate and lower ratio of fat compared to the recommended ratio (44 : 40 : 16) in polar area. Ca : P ratio was very poor, 0.40 in both seasons. NAR scores of Ca, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C were also very low, ranged from 0.6 to 0.7. Consequently, a well-planned menu supplying adequate amount of dairy, fruit and vegetable is necessarily required including Ca, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C intake, and some nutritionally well-educated members are urgently needed to join in the expedition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.45-49
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• 2010

The automotive industry has shown a growing interest in tube hydroforming during the past years. The advantages of hydroforming (less thinning, a more efficient manufacturing process, etc.) can, for instance, be combined with the high strength of extra high strength steels, which are usually less formable, to produce structural automotive components which exhibit lower weight and improved service performance. Design and production of tubular components require knowledge about tube material and forming behavior during hydroforming and how the hydroforming operation itself should be controlled. These issues are studied analytically in the present paper. In this study, the whole process of rear sub-frame parts development by tube hydroforming using AA6061 material is presented. At the part design stage, it requires feasibility study and process design aided by CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) to confirm hydroformability in details. Effects of parameters such as internal pressure, axial feeding and geometry shape in automotive rear sub-frame by hydroforming process were carefully investigated. Overall possibility of hydroformable rear sub-frame parts could be examined by cross sectional analyses. Moreover, it is essential to ensure the formability of tube material on every forming step such as pre-bending and hydroforming. In addition, all the components of prototyping tool are designed and interference with press is examined from the point of geometry and thinning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

This study is aimed to suggesting a hypothesis about the process of improvement of houses of the Korean-Chinese, comparing how Han Chinese and Korean-Chinese houses changed in Yanbian Area of China. This draws the conclusion by analyzing the field survey about residence of the Han Chinese and the Korean-Chinese in Yanbian Area of China. First of all, the characteristic of residence style change and the plan of rural houses of the Han Chinese are in the following. The plan of houses has been changed from allocating rooms from side to side with the kitchen as the center to linking each functional spaces through the aisle. And the main bedroom of houses becomes the central space for family members instead of Kang (partial Ondol) by expanding the floor heating system under the whole floor in houses. Next, the feature of residence style changes of the Han Chinese and the Korean-Chinese is as follows. In 1970s barns disappeared from houses of the Korean Chinese, but houses of the Han Chinese were not much changed. From 1980s to 1990s, spaces linking each rooms with aisles had appeared for comfortableness of residence and respecting each individual's privacy. On the other hand, The houses of the Korean-Chinese make a whole big space by getting rid of walls between the rooms. And after 2 thousand years later, Han Chinese houses have a bedroom with floor heating system. Both houses of the Korean-Chinese and the Han Chinese are changed to have a residence style which taking sedentary style and standing style.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2008

It is very hard to find out Tongbanga-millhouse installed nearby a streamlet to use water with Tongbanga(a kind of water-mill) to polish cereals by pounding like a visage of its old days. It plays an important part in folkloric, architectural and educational aspects. The purpose of this study is to analyse the architectural features of Tongbanga and millhouse itself so that to find the way how to build and fabricate the materials and frame members. Therefore this study has been focused on the composition principle and fabrication method of Tongbanga-millhouse on the side of architecture. The fabrication methods of its house in accordance with regular sequences are as follows. ${\cdot}$ Firstly the decision of location of Tongbanga-millhouse and Hwak(a big mortar made of stone). ${\cdot}$ Slantly three rafter installation at an angle of $50^{\circ}$ to err on the safe side and then slantly fifteen rafter installation making a circular cone shape. ${\cdot}$ Installation of twigs to be circles from bottom to top. ${\cdot}$ Manifoldly covering of trunks peeling the barks from flax plants. ${\cdot}$ Threefoldly thatching with upside barks of oak trees. ${\cdot}$ Placing woods alike rafter on the bark thatches as a weight not to fly away by wind. ${\cdot}$ Binding woods alike rafter with vines of arrowroots to maintain the proper place. The decayed Tongbanga-millhouse by means of upper ways was restored out of all recognition.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 1999

A survey on the traditional management of dietary life, seasonal diets, and frequency of using traditional fermented foods, was conducted from six hundred forty housewives living in rural areas of Yosu and Yocheon district, and the following results were obtained. 1. Majority of the subjects was in the range of 50-59 years old (43.1%), elementary schooling in education (38.1%), composition of family with parents and children (57.5%) with 3-4 family members (40.6%), and annual income of 5-8 million Won. 2. Korean style-house (36.7%), modernized kitchen (58.5%), and liquid fuel (69.7%) held the majority of the living environment. 3. Most of the households possessed refrigerator (98.9%), kitchenette range (98.4%) and electric rice pot (97.9%). 4. Access to traditional dishes was mostly prompted through elders or friends (84%). Preparing a meal was regarded to be a troublesome duty (41.5%). Husband's preference was the major factor for the meal preparation (53.7%) and about 30 min was spent for preparing dinner (53.7%). 5. Cooked rice was a main staple (99.5%) while three kinds of Kimchi (55.3%) were served as prime side dishes in the diets. Most Kimchi(94.7%) was prepared at home. To this basic menu, two or three side dishes were added at breakfast (77.2%), lunch (76.1%), and dinner (65.4%). MSG (mono-sodium glutamate) was consumed by 62.2% of the households. 6. Most rural households prepared traditional dishes on the traditional holidays in lunar calendar including New Year's Day (98.9%), First Full Moon of The Year (81.4%), and Autumn Full Moon (96.8%). 7 Traditional fermented foods prepared at home comprised Kimchi (87.2%), soybean paste (75.5%), red pepper soybean paste (73.9%), and soy sauce (70.7%).

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.295-309
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• 2019

The purpose of this study were to identify the dietary practices of vulnerable older adults and to assess the foodservice and food provision service programs perceived by the health and welfare service providers in the community. A survey was conducted on health and welfare service providers working in outreach community centers and community health centers in Seoul. A total of 260 nurses and social workers participated in the survey and 224 responses were used for data analysis after excluding significant missing data. The respondents consisted of nurses (58.5%) and social workers (41.5%). In terms of the dietary life of the vulnerable older adults, they perceived that the food cost was burdensome to the older adults and poor dental conditions prohibited them from eating various foods. The health and welfare service providers rated highly for 'home-delivered meal and side dish services are effective for checking older adults' conditions' but rated low for availability of menu choices. In targeting vulnerable older adults for food and nutrition service programs, the home-delivered meal service was found to be suitable for older adults living alone, those over age of 80 years, those with mobility difficulties, and those with economic difficulties. The food provision service was appropriate for older adults living with their spouse or other family members. Vulnerable older adults are a heterogeneous population with diverse needs related to food and nutrition. Home-delivered meal/side dish service and food provision services will achieve their goals when they reach the correct targets with a customized service.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2012

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a type of MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) which is the next-generation networking technology to provide communication between vehicles or between vehicle and RSU (Road Side Unit) using wireless communication. In VANET system, a vehicle accident is likely to cause awful disaster. Therefore, in VANET environment, authentication techniques for the privacy protection and message are needed. In order to provide them privacy, authentication, and conditional, non-repudiation features of the group signature scheme using a variety of security technologies are being studied. In this paper, and withdrawal of group members to avoid frequent VANET environment is suitable for vehicles produced by the group administrator for a private signing key to solve the key escrow problem of a group signature scheme is proposed. We proposed a message batch verification scheme using Bloom Filter that can verify multiple messages efficiently even for multiple communications with many vehicles.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

In this study, a steel frame that realized the second floor of a structure was fabricated in referring to NFPA 13. In addition, a riser pipe system with groove joints was installed, and a seismic simulation test was performed using static cyclic loading. Cyclic loading tests on the maximum allowable side sway of seismic design standards for buildings in Korea were conducted using actuators to analyze the seismic behavior of the riser pipe system and major piping elements due to the deformation of the steel frame structure or the displacement-dominant behavior caused by the relative displacement between the structural members in the event of a seismic load. Moreover, the deformation angle of the riser pipe system was measured using an image measurement system because it is difficult to measure using the conventional sensors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.179-195
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• 2023

The performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens strengthened using a newly proposed Side Near Surface Mounted (S-NSM) technology was investigated experimentally in this work. In addition, analytical and nonlinear finite element (FE) modeling was exploited to forecast the performance of RC members reinforced with S-NSM utilizing steel bars. Five (one control and four strengthened) RC beams were evaluated for flexural performance under static loading conditions employing four-point bending loads. Experimental variables comprise different S-NSM reinforcement ratios. The constitutive models were applied for simulating the non-linear material characteristics of used concrete, major, and strengthening reinforcements. The failure load and mode, yield and ultimate strengths, deflection, strain, cracking behavior as well as ductility of the beams were evaluated and discussed. To cope with the flexural behavior of the tested beams, a 3D non-linear FE model was simulated. In parametric investigations, the influence of S-NSM reinforcement, the efficacy of the S-NSM procedure, and the structural response ductility are examined. The experimental, numerical, and analytical outcomes show good agreement. The results revealed a significant increase in yield and ultimate strengths as well as improved failure modes.