• 생약학회지
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• 제34권2호통권133호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

Many chemotherapeutic drugs were developed and contributed to the increase of cure rate of cancer, however severe side effect of these drugs is a major cause of poor quality of life of cancer patients. Effect of deer blood on cancer therapy was investigated in mouse tumor model. Deer blood itself was shown to have mild antitumor activity. However it has significant effect on the reduction of the side effects of chemotherapy. Deer blood recovered the reduction of WBC and platelet (myelotoxicity) during fluorouracil chemotherapy. Deer blood also recovered the increase of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN; indicator of renal toxicity) and increase of serum amylase activity (AMY; indicator of pancreatic toxicity) almost to the control level during cisplatin chemotherapy. Fluorouracil and cisplatin are major chemotherapeutic drugs which are currently used in clinical cancer therapy, and the results strongly suggest that deer blood can be used for reducing the side effects and improving the quality of life during chemotherapy of cancer patients.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1998

Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, has been recommended for the management of peripheral anticholinergic side effects during the treatment of antipsychotic medications. But there have been few studies which have evaluated the drug interactions of antipsychotics and bethanechol, even the treatment effects of bethanechol on anticholinergic side effects. So the authors have evaluated whether psychopathology and plasma haloperidol and reduced haloperidol concentrations are significantly changed or not when bethanechol was administrated with maintained doses of haloperidol and other coadministrated drugs(such a benztropine). Also we have evaluated the abating effects of bethanechol on anticholinergic side effects during the treatment with haloperidol. Fifteen schizophrenics with higher than 5 of total score of anticholinergic side effects of 'Rating scale for side effect' were assigned to two groups, and bethanechol 30mg/day and 60mg/day were applied on each group for 4 weeks. The daily haloperidol dosages were fixed before 2 weeks of study. We assessed anticholinergic side effects by 'Rating scale for side effect' and psychopathology by BPRS, and plasma haloperidol and reduced haloperidol concentrations by HPLC at baseline, 2nd week and 4th week. The results were as followed, 1) there was no significant change of plasma haloperidol and reduced haloperidol concentration, 2) at baseline, the dosage of haloperidol showed significant correlation with the total score of anticholinergic side effect, but not at 2nd week and 4th week, 3) in 60mg/day group, dry mouth and the total score of anticholinergic side effects were significantly improved, but not in 30mg/day group, 4) there was no significant change of BPRS except withdrawal at 2nd week. These results suggest that coadministration of bethanechol influenced neither on psychopathology nor on plasma haloperidol and reduced haloperidol concentrations and that improved dry mouth and total score of anticholinergic side effects at 60mg/day.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine about science gifted class student's effect of education for the science gifted class. For this, 21 item-questionnaires were given to 292 students at the 4th, 5th and 6th graders in 3 elementary gifted schools located in Incheon. The results of this study were as follows: First, science gifted students were positive in effect of gifted class. This was more positive as class is low. Second, gifted students are thinking that it is helped to own learning that study at gifted class in cognitive side but appeared relatively low regarding school record or utterance, study method, thinking faculty, creativity. Third, they did not think that is exerting a lot of effects about own habit that study, interest, pride in emotional side. Fourth, they thought that is effective in relation with new friends more than teachers and parents in sociocultural side. Fifth, in private tutoring side they thought that is not influencing to solve academy taking a course of decrease.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.673-683
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• 2015

하천 주변의 도시화와 이상기후 등으로 인해 기존의 하천 위주의 홍수방어는 한계를 보이고 있으며, 이에 따라 유역통합적인 홍수방어대책의 하나로 강변저류지 설치에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 강변저류지를 치수대책에 포함시키기 위해서는 정량적인 홍수조절효과 산정이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 강변저류지 홍수조절효과에 영향을 미치는 인자들의 불확실성을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 특히 하천 수위 예측의 중요 변수인 하천 조도계수는 항상 불확실성을 포함하고 있으므로, 이를 고려한 설계방법이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상대적으로 설계자가 자유롭게 결정할 수 있는 설계인자인 강변저류지의 횡월류부 길이를 이용하여 하천 조도계수의 불확실성을 고려한 강변저류지 설계 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 HEC-RAS 부정류 수치모형을 이용하여 하천 조도계수와 횡월류부 길이 변화가 홍수조절효과에 미치는 영향을 검토하였고, 분석결과를 이용하여 하천의 수위 예측 불확실성을 고려한 횡월류부 길이를 결정하는 기법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 횡월류부 길이 결정 기법은 하천 수위 예측의 불확실성을 해결할 수 있기 때문에 강변저류지의 홍수조절효과를 좀 더 안전측으로 제시하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.585-593
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• 2006

The effect of the shape of the side wall on vaporization and fuel mixture were investigated for the impinging spray of a direct injection(DI) gasoline engine under a variety of conditions using the LIEF technique. The characteristics of the impinging spray were investigated under various configurations of piston cavities. To simulate the effect of piston cavity configurations and injection timing in an actual DI gasoline engine, the parameters were horizontal distance from the spray axis to side wall and vertical distance from nozzle tip to impingement plate. Prior to investigating the side wall effect, experiments on free and impinging sprays for flat plates were conducted and these results were compared with those of the side wall impinging spray. For each condition, the impingement plate was located at three different vertical distances(Z=46.7, 58.4, and 70 mm) below the injector tip and the rectangular side wall was installed at three different radial distances(R=15, 20, and 25 mm) from the spray axis. Radial propagation velocity from spray axis along impinging plate became higher with increasing ambient temperature. When the ambient pressure was increased, propagation speed reduced. High ambient pressures tended to prevent the impinging spray from the propagating radially and kept the fuel concentration higher near the spray axis. Regardless of ambient pressure and temperature fully developed vortices were generated near the side wall with nearly identical distributions, however there were discrepancies in the early development process. A relationship between the impingement distance(Z) and the distance from the side wall to the spray axis(R) was demonstrated in this study when R=20 and 25 mm and Z=46.7 and 58.4 mm. Fuel recirculation was achieved by adequate side wall distance. Fuel mixture stratification, an adequate piston cavity with a shorter impingement distance from the injector tip to the piston head should be required in the central direct injection system.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.27-33
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• 1969

상전에 있어서 각 부위에 따르는 수량의 변이를 알고저 시험을 행하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 어떠한 품종이던지 중앙부보다 주변 부위가 수량이 많았다. 2. 상전의 방향에 따라서 볼 때는 항상 남쪽 외측이 가장 수량이 많았고 다음이 서쪽과 동쪽 외측이며 북쪽 외측도 상당히 많았다. 각 방향의 $\frac{1}{4}$내측부분도 중앙부보다 약간 많은 경향은 있었으나 큰 차는 없었다. 품종별로 볼 때에는 개량서반과 같은 발조수가 많고 절간이 짧은 소엽형의 품종은 이와 반대의 형질을 가진 노상보다 주변효과가 크다. 5. 시기적으로 볼 때에는 개량서반은 추잠기보다 춘잠기에 있어서 주변효과가 크지만 노상은 도리어 추기가 춘기보다 약간 크다. 6. 상엽중의 건물에 있어서도 거의 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 7. 이것을 종합해 보건데 상전을 조성할 때에 있어서는 주변 효과가 적은 동서로 긴 형태로 하는 것이 증수를 하는데 유리하다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2024

Background: Medication's benefits and harms require careful management. Laws mandate pharmacists to provide essential medication details since inadequate counseling may pose risks. This study explores public expectations for pharmacist-provided side effect information to enhance safety. Methods: A self-developed questionnaire was created for participant to self-report, refined through pilot surveys with experts and laypersons. Nineteen items were categorized into four sections, using closed-ended questions. Adults over 20, having obtained prescription medications within the past year, were surveyed via convenience sampling. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and T-tests using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The study involved 189 participants, with a slightly higher proportion of females (59.3%) than males (40.7%), predominantly in their 20s (45.0%) and college graduates (57.1%). Health professionals represented 76.2% of respondents. Over half visited pharmacies at least 5 times yearly for prescriptions. Indirect experience with side effects was more common (30.2%) than direct experience (17.5%). Most (82.0%) showed interest in media-reported side effect events. Satisfaction with pharmacist-provided side effect explanations was low (59.7%), but importance was high (98.9%). Preferences favored combined verbal and written explanations (65.1%), with a majority desiring explanations for common but less serious side effects (82.5%). Healthcare professionals found explanations significantly more sufficient than non-professionals did. Older individuals, those living with elderly, and frequent pharmacy visitors attributed greater importance to pharmacist-provided explanations. Conclusion: Koreans view pharmacist-provided medication side effect explanations as vital but find current services lacking. Enhancements in content and delivery methods are needed in pharmacy counseling to meet public expectations.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.557-560
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• 2005

This paper proposes the demand-side management(DSM) monitoring system of high efficient end-use equipments considering demand-side bidding (DSB). The effect on the market penetration of high efficient equipments by demand side bidding is analysed. Seasonal peak demand forecasting and penetration capacity of these equipments . are analysed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2013

In this study, silk sericin films were prepared using different extraction methods, and the molecular conformation of sericin was examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection geometry. Additionally, the effect of the film side (air-facing side or plate-facing side) on the molecular conformation of the sericin films was investigated. Interestingly, the molecular conformation of the sericin film depended on the film side. The molecular conformation of air-facing side of the sericin film was significantly influenced by extraction solution and time. The ${\beta}$-sheet crystallization and the crystallinity index of the sericin film markedly increased with an increase in the extraction time in hot water. The order of the crystallinity indices for the sericin films obtained with different extraction solutions was as follows: citric acid solution > urea solution >> hot water. In contrast, no remarkable differences were observed in the molecular conformation of the plate-facing side of the sericin film after extraction in hot water for different time periods. Urea and citric acid solution extractions showed remarkably higher crystallinity indices for sericin than those obtained after hot water extraction. However, no significant differences were observed in the crystallinity index of sericin between urea and citric acid solution extraction in plate-facing side of the film.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.71-95
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• 1995

To be helpful to the treatment of pulmonary cancer with oriental medicine, we got clinical reports together and analyzed the data. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The treating methods could be summarized as three methods that were reinforcing vital energy, eliminating harmful Qi, and reinforcing vital energy with eliminating harmful Qi. The methods of reinforcing vital energy were supplementing Qi & Yin, increasing pahological heat & reinforcing kidney, augmenting Qi & blood, supplementing vital energy and strengthening fundermental energy, reinforcing spleen and increasing Qi, lubricate Yin and lung, and the other methods of eliminating harmful Qi were transforming pathological fluid and softening, clarifying heat and eliminating poison, dipersing lung and softening, toxicding and softening, guiding Qi and activating blood, clarifying heat and dispersing lung, guiding Qi and counteracting stress etc., and the methods of supplementing vital energy with eliminating poison were reinforcing spleen and transforming pathological fluid, increasing Qi and activating blood, supplementing Yin and clarifying heat, reinforcing spleen and dry the dampness, lubricating lung and transforming patholigical fluid and supplementing Qi and activating blood. 2. The oriental prescriptions used for pulmonary cancer were Chunkeum-Weekyungtang & Sohamhwingtang, Jinhayookgunjatang, Hyulboochukeotang, Bokbangkyogonamtang was reported to be effective in the treatment of metastasis. 3. Bokbangshinjingtang and haewool were applied for the complications of pulmonary cancer, Soshihotang for fever, hangamryung for tumor pain. Prunus ansu Komarov, Eriobotrya japonica Lirdley, Pyrrosiae lingua Farwel, Steomon japonica Miguel, Maximowiczia chinensis Ruprecht var, Morus bombycis Koidzumi for cough, Panax Pseudo-ginseng Wall. var, Bletilla striata Reichenbach f., Acacia catechu(兒茶) for hemoptysis, Lonicerae flos, Aspongopus chinensis(九香蟲) for chest pain, Cypsum Fibrosum, Gazella gutturosa, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gypsophila oldhamiana Miquel for fever, Lepidii semen descurainiae semen, Belamcanda chinensis D.C, Gnaphalium affine(佛耳草) for asthma. 4. For the reduction of side effect by chemotherapy and radiotherapy it was known that supplementing Qi was used chiefly for side effect of chemotherapy and augmenting Yin applied to side effect of radiotherapy. 5. The oriental presciptions were suggested for the side effect by chemotherapy and radiotherapy ; Sammaekaek(參麥液), Whaebokwontang(化瘀復元湯), Hwangjungomitang(黃精五味湯), Yukmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯), Hyangsayukgunjatang(香砂六君子湯), Samlyeekulsan for side effect by chemotherapy while Geumgweisingiwhan, Hwanglyentang(黃連湯), Hwanglyenhaedoktang(黃連解毒湯), Yangyeunchungpeitang(養陰淸肺湯), Idongtang(二冬湯), Jayeunkanghwatang(滋陰降火湯) for side effect by radiotherapy.