• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine effects of plant growth regulators and light resources on the formation of multiple shoot and plant regeneration of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai. Stem and shoot tip were cultured on MS medium or WPM supplemented with various plant growth regulators. At the single treatment, the highest shoot formation was obtained when stem explants were cultured on WPM supplemented with kinetin $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. MS medium containing NAA 0.1 and TDZ $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ gave the best results for shoot induction rate and shoot growth in combination treatments. Of the BAP and kinetin tested, BAP $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ on WPM was found to be more effective for shoot growth from shoot tip. Under white fluorescent light treatment, shoot growth was much higher than blue, red LED treatments. Root induction from in vitro growth of plantlet was the best on WPM supplemented with $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA. The results suggest that selection of plant growth regulators and light resources could be important factor to achieve an efficient in vitro growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 2001

Spathiphyllum floribundum cv. Cupid was micropropagated on LS medium containing various growth regulators. Shoot tips were cultured on media with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or banzyladenine (BA). The medium containing 2.0 mg/L BA was most effective on the shoot multiplication and the formation of adventitious multi-shoot cluster from shoot tips among the different concentrations of TDZ and BA. The combined treatments of BA and paclobutrazol (PBZ) were stimulated the shoot multiplication and the formation of adventitious mu]ti-shoot clusters from shoot tips compared to the ones of BA alone. The adventitious multi-shoot clusters were culled with 5∼7 mm in size and cultured on media with BA or thidiazuron (TDZ). Shoot multiplication and shoot cluster proliferation from the shoot clusters were very favorable on media supplemented with 2.0∼3.0 mg/L BA. The shoots grew and rooted out vigorously on media with 2.0∼3.0 mg/L IBA. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the soil mixed with a rate of vermiculite 1 and perlite 1, and survived more than 95% in greenhouse.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2011

'Ggoma' is a new Hibiscus dwarf type variety developed by gamma irradiation at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). This study was conducted to determine the best optimum cultural callus formation and shoot regeneration condition. Sterilized leaf tissues were cultured on MS (Marashige and skoog's) medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar with different concentration and combination of TDZ, 2, 4-D, KT, BA, and 2iP for 4 weeks in vitro culture. MS medium containing 2,4-D $0.1mg\;l^{-1}$ and BA $0.5mg\;l^{-1}$ were most effective on callus formation and growth. After 4 weeks, callus was transferred on BA (0.5, 1, $1.5mg\;l^{-1}$) and TDZ (0.1, 0.2, $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$) for shoot formation. The best condition for inducing the shoot from callus was BA $1.5mg\;l^{-1}$ and TDZ $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$. This result will be useful for the rapid multiplication of Hibiscus syriacus L.var. Ggoma.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78％ when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96％ when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99％ and 97％ respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 ％ and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 ％ and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2019

Soybean is the one of recalcitrant legume species for shoot induction. Shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis was investigated in five soybean cultivars, 'Dawon', 'Pungsan', 'Daewon', 'Taekwang' and 'Chongdoo 1' by using cotyledonary node explants. Out of 5 soybean cultivars, an efficient shoot regeneration condition was developed in the two soybean cultivars, 'Dawon' and 'Pungsan'. When various kinds of plant growth regulators with different concentration were estimated, the optimum medium condition for shoot induction in both soybean cultivars was MS + B5 vitamin supplemented with BA at concentration 2 mg/L. In addition, shoot formation efficiency was increased with 97.09% and 93.88% by the pretreatment of BA onto the explants before in vitro culture in both cultivars. Shoot induction in 'Dawon' cultivar was originated from epidermal tissue and sub-epidermal layers when histological changes were investigated under shoot regeneration after culturing cotyledonary node segments on shoot induction medium for 0 to 21 days. Especially, cell dedifferentiation was observed from parenchyma cells to meristematic cell in 3-day cultured segments.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.486-491
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• 2002

Spikelet number and its components of rice plant are closely associated with nitrogen accumulation and biomass production during panicle formation stage. To elucidate this relationship and also compare the differences of the sink formation efficiency among cultivars, spikelet number, its components, nitrogen content, nonstructural carbohydrate content, and plant dry matter were investigated under 5 nitrogen levels with two split application methods and shading treatments by using three rice varieties. The nitrogen amount in shoot at panicle initiation stage and at 15 days after panicle initiation showed significant positive correlation with primary rachis branches per square meter, and that at 15 days after panicle initiation and at heading stage with secondary rachis branches per square meter, Primary and secondary rachis branches per square meter showed positive significant correlation with the shoot dry weight at panicle initiation stage and at 15 days after panicle initiation stage, respectively, The amount of degenerated secondary rachis branches and spikelets per square meter showed significant negative correlation with the dry weight and nonstructural carbohydrate increase of stem during 15days after panicle initiation, and the contents of nonstructural carbohydrate at 15 days after panicle initiation. Spikelets per unit area showed significant positive correlation with nitrogen amount in shoot and shoot dry weight at heading stage. The sink formation efficiency expressed as the spikelet number produced by the unit amount of nitrogen in shoot at heading stage was higher in Nampoongbyeo than Choocheongbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo. Sink formation efficiency was negatively correlated with the dry weight increase of shoot and stem during reproductive stage. but not significantly with that of leaf in all varieties. Sink formation efficiency was not significantly correlated with nonstructural carbohydrate, but was significantly negatively correlated with structural carbohydrate increase during reproductive stage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

This experiments were carried out to find out the effects of different explant materials, kinds and concentration of plant growth regulators, and total nitrogen and sucrose contents on the in vitro regeneration of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. The effects of growth regulators on regeneration from 3 explant sources (leaf, internode and node) were more or less same. Leaf explants produced only callus with 2ip (Isopentenyladenine) and NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid) treatment and other regulators had no effects. Test with internode explants yielded about same results but callus was obtained with 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Node explants resulted in shoot regeneration by all regulator treatment except NAA and 2,4-D, but control also showed similar results. Callus formation from internode and node explants was vigorous by 2ip, zeatin, and 2,4-D treatments and high NAA concentration resulted in higher callus formation. In this experiment, various mixed treatment of growth regulators were also employed, using node as explant material. Shoot regeneration was obtained with BA (Benzyl adenine) + NAA treatments but the results were comparable with control. Generally shoot and root regeneration was poor with all combined treatment except 2ip + NAA and 2,4-D + NAA. However, callus was formed readily with all treatments. In this experiment, combined treatments of regulators were applied on the callus derived from singular regulator treatment. The results showed no shoot and root regeneration with any combination of 2,4-D, IAA (Indoleacetic acid) and NAA, but soft milky white callus was formed in all the treatments. No shoot and root regeneration was observed with any combination of 2iP, NAA and IAA, but somewhat hard, light green callus was formed in all the treatments. Callus formation decreased with high kinetin concentration in case of kinetin + NAA treatment. The experiments with total nitrogen content of media showed that low concentrations of 15 and 30mM were effective for the shoot and root regeneration. Sucrose experiment demonstrated shoot regeneration with 1${\sim}$4% concentration, and root and callus formation with 2${\sim}$4%. No root and callus formation was observed with 0 and 1% sucrose.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

An efficient protocol for in vitro multiple shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from mature green cotyledon derived callus tissues of Acacia sinuata has been developed. Callus formation occurs at all the concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, but 0.6 ${\mu}M$ proved to be the best with maximum callus formation frequency. Supplementation of TDZ in combination with indole-acetic acid (IAA) in MS media accelerates shoot bud organogenesis in differentiating callus tissues with 60-70% conversion of shoot buds into shoot Most efficient shoot organogenesis was recorded when TDZ induced calli were subcultured at different concentrations of 6-benzyla-denine (BA). Optimum shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from callus was achieved when 0.6 ${\mu}M$ (TDZ) induced calli were subcultured at 3.0 ${\mu}M$ (BA) where $16.6{\pm}0.74$ shoots/unit callus on obtained. Rooting in in vitro differentiated shoots was achieved when transferred to medium containing different concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in full & half strength MS medium. The well rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to net house with 90% survival rate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.15
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• pp.135-140
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• 1974

The callus formation and shoot growth of germinating rice seedlings in the aseptic culture media treated with 2.4-D and N.A.A. were studied with 3 rice cultivars. Callus formation and shoot growth were the best in the media including $10^-4$M N.A.A.. Varietal differences also were significant in the formation of callus and shoot growth from the callus.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2018

Radionuclides were deposited at forest areas in eastern parts of Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident in March 2011. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi have important effects on radiocaesium dynamics in forest ecosystems. We examined the effect of colonization by the EM fungus Astraeus hygrometricus on the uptake of cesium (Cs) and potassium (K) by Pinus densiflora seedlings. Pine seedlings exhibited enhanced growth after the EM formation due to the colonization by A. hygrometricus. Additionally, the shoot Cs concentration increased after the EM formation when Cs was not added to the medium. This suggests that A. hygrometricus might be able to solubilize Cs fixed to soil particles. Moreover, the shoot K concentration increased significantly after the EM formation when Cs was added. However, there were no significant differences in the root K concentration between EM and non-EM seedlings. These results suggest that different mechanisms control the transfer of Cs and K from the root to the shoot of pine seedlings.