• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.371-373
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• 2012

노화-구도 연도교 개설공사 사업에 따라 대상해역을 이용하여 통항하는 선박에 대하여 교량 건설을 고려한 종합적인 해상교통 안전성 향상 방안 제시를 위해 이론적 고찰 및 Full-Mission Shiphandling Simulator를 이용하여 평가하고 근거자료를 작성한 후, 최적의 교량시설을 계획하도록 기초자료를 제공하며, 인허가 과정중 도출된 해상교량안에 대한 해상교통안전진단을 해사안전법 및 동 법 시행규칙에 의거하여 실시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1999

This study aims at improving the channel of Pudo-sudo in Chinhae-Man according to the development project of the port of Masan, by investigating the design criteria of harbour facilities for the maximum sized ship. The new deep-water route was proposed and according to it the present separation scheme was adjusted appropriately. The width of the deep-water route is suggested to be 350m and would be wide enough for the 30,000 DWT container ship to go through However, the proposed channel will be tested and validated by the shiphandling simulator.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-30
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• 1996

It is general that large ships entering or leaving a port located in the East coast of Korean peninsular are often exposed athwart to swell while maneuvering in the vicinity of breakwater at harbor enterance or to prevailing wind inside the port in winter. Particulary, Many VLCCs laden with ore coal are calling at Pohang Port, on account of which it is likely that one of those VLCCs block the port if they were to run aground in fairway due to adverse circumstance of swell, prevailing winds or improper shiphandling. This accident may result in delay of delivery of raw material for Pohang Steel Mill which will bring about shortcomings of steel products for nationwide relevant industries causing national economic shock. Therefore, This study basically aims at establishment of certain criteria for safe unberthing of VLCC in this port to prevent such unexpected disaster because any VLLC is highly affected by external forces when in ballast condition. Computer simulations are unavoidable to fulfull this study successfuly and many simulations have been carried out repeatedly to find a model of safe unberthing under various unfavourable wind conditions. The "PC-based ship maneuvering simulator for training purpose" was used to perform numerous simulations at the least economic burden and to verify its availability that it can be used not only for training but also some other purposes. purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.3 no.S1
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• pp.55-73
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• 1997

It is well known that simulation study in the preliminary design stage of harbors or berths is of great use, since it can provide helpful informations to the designer from the view point of ship navigations. In this paper, a brief review is made in the safety assessment of ship navigation for a 320,000 DWT VLCC entering Yecocheon harbor area, which is carried out by shiphandling simulator system. The geographic data base for the harbor as well as the mathematical models of the ship and environmental effects are designed and developed. Based in the on-site inspections and interviews with pilots in Yeocheon area, basic maneuvering plans and consistence with real operation conditions. Berthing and deberthing maneuvering simulations as well as approaching and departing simulations are carried out by 3 experienced navigators according to the maneuvering plans and environmental scenarios. The simulation results are analysed in various ways to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative maneuvering difficulties and thereby to assess the safety of ship navigation in that area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

Assessment of the safety of ship's transit in the narrow channel consist of the maneuvering safety determined by the chance of running aground, the maneuvering difficulty determined by ship's workload and master's subjective evaluation. To examine the relation between master's subjective evaluation and maneuvering safety, this utilizes a real-time and full-mission shiphandling simulator in the Korea Marine Training & Research Institutes(KMTRI). The vessel chosen was 60,000-ton, Panamax-type ship. The findings regarding master's subjective evaluation were as follows: -Relation between master's subjective evaluation and common logarithms of stranding probability is linear. -Stranding probability with more than 0.001 is master's subjective evaluation with more than 5.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1994

There are some turn maneuvers, such as hard Round Turn, Turning Short Round, Williamson Turn and Single Turn, of effectively returning a ship back close to the original track in case of emergency situations of man-overboard and intentional delay of port entrance time, and so forth. But the author developed the new turn maneuvers of Double 30 (woo) Turn originally by means of simulation experiments of Full-Mission Shiphandling Simulator. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) By comparison of existing Williamson Turn and Turning Short Round this Double 30(woo) Turn is all-weather multipurpose turn maneuvers in some respects, 2) According to simulation experiments this Double 30 (woo) Turn saved approximately 20-35% of total turning time to the original position and reduced maximum advances by 8-10% approximately in comparison to that of Williamson Turn, 3) Except for emergency men-overboard the Reverse Williamson Turn was proposed as a new reverse maneuver of returning a ship back to the original track.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 1994

This paper was a part of the risk management in planning a channel. It utilized Korea Marine Training & Research Institutes(KMTRI) which Houses a real-time, full-mission shiphandling simulator to examine the safety of the ship's transit in the planned channel of Asan port. 6 competent Captains participated in this study. The vessel modelled was a 60,000-ton ship. The two variables(factors) examined were environ-mental conditions such as flood-and-ebb current condition and day-and-night condition. The two variables were combined to produce four experimental conditions. To evaluate the safety of the environmental conditions, two categories of performance measures were analyzed. They were vessel's proximity to channel boundary and vessel controalbility. The findings regar-ding the effects of environmental conditions were as follows : - Closest Point of Approach(CPA) to channel boundary was enough for 60,000-ton ship to transit th-rough the channel with 99.999% confidence level. - Closest Point of Approach(CPA) to channel boundary further was under against-current condition than under with-current condition. -Vessel controlability was better under against-current condition than under with-current condition. -Vessel controlability was better under inbound transit than under outbound transit.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.21-32
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• 2002

In accordance with the development plans of Ulsan harbor, Ulsan new harbor will be contructed considering supporting Ulsan harbor as a safe berthing and departure at single buoy mooring(SBM). In this study, we used a full-mission ship handling simulator adopting 300,000 DWT VLCC manoeuvered at the planned Ulsan SBM. Five masters who have had a long experience of ship maneuvering were called to carry out the simulations, of which each scenario were tried one, completed total of 68 times. The marine traffic safety was assessed in terms of 1) the closest point of approach(CPA) to other SBM and breakwater in the vicinity and the probability of crossing the restricted area of the closest SBM and fairway limit, 2) subjective evaluation such as the mental burden and the maneuvering difficulty of shiphanders, and 3) the opinions of shiphandlers. From the result of this simulation, we have a conclusion as follows; First, because crude oil berthing angle is so small by current S-OiL Co. crude oil buoy by SK Co. No 3 crude oil buoy different view SK Co. No 3 crude oil buoy and interference of current KNOC crude oil buoy, Berthing is impossible, and Emergency departing is very dangerous too operation impossible. Second it is desirable that SK Co. No 2 and No 3 Single buoy Mooring that do different view controls position so that to be not put in straight line each other. Third, SK Co. No 1 and 2 single buoy mooring that do different view to Onsanhang berthing and departing is seized by single buoy mooring by external force ship that set sail does faith control need.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.1 s.97
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

To design ship channel is one of important factors for planning and developing a port. In most case, the core factors for designing ship channel are the layout and width of channel provided the net underkeel clearance is secured to be safe enough to pass. In this study, Variable Bumper Area(VBA) model is applied to design and assess ship channel. This model reflects ship's particular, ship domain theory, ship speed and mariner's ship handling skill and experience, especially external forces which cause leeway, set and drift and the change of ship maneuvering characteristics. A real time, full mission shiphandling simulator is used to analyze ship dynamic data according to mariner's ship control, external forces, ete. This model defines Domain degree and Domain-index for assessing the efficiency and safety of the channel. The proposed model is applied to Ulsan new port plan which has a channel width of 1.5 times the length of the largest vessel, a radius of 5 times the length of the largest vessel in a curve of 57 degree centerline angle and SBM facility adjacent to the lateral edge of channel. The result of this study shows that the width of the channel and radius of channel curve are suitable for the target ship but the difficulty of ship handling is caused by the large course change and SBM located in the vicinity of channel.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 2002

In accordance with the development plans of Jeju for international free city, Jeju new harbor will be constructed cosidering supporting Jeju city as an international tour city, safe arrival and departure at the terminal of 80.000G/T cruise ship. In this study, we used a full-mission ship handling simulator adopting 80.000G/T cruise ship manoeuvered at the planned Juju international cruise terminal. Five masters who have had a long experience of shop maneuvering ware called to carry out the simulations of which No. 1 , Np. 2, and No.4 scenario of simulation were tried twice, completed the total of 10 times and No.3 scenario of simulation once, reached at the total of 5 time. The marine traffic safety was assessed in terms of 1) the closest point of approach(CPA) to breakwater and quay in the vicinty and the probability of crossing fairway limit, 2)subjective evaluation such as the mental burden and the maneuvering disfficulty of shiphanders and 3) the opinions of shiphandlers. From th result of this simulation, we have a conclusion that the 80.000G/T cruise ship can be maneuvered safely at the planned terminal.