• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.53-57
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• 2003

이 연구의 최종 목적은 PC를 이용하여 저가이면서 작동이 용이한 가상현실기반 선박조종 시뮬레이터를 개발하는데 있다. 이 논문에서는 가상 항해공간에 구축한 3차원 선박 객체를 선박조종계수로 제어하는 절차와 방법을 기술했다. 가상 항해세계 창출, 선박조종의 수학적 배경, 시스템 구성 둥에 대해서도 검토하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

The emissions of ozone precursors, NOx and VOCs from a biogenic source and port-related sources (ship, shipping container truck, and cargo handling equipment) were estimated in Busan during 2013. Total biogenic isoprene emission in Busan during 2013 was estimated to be $4,434ton\;yr^{-1}$ with the highest emission (e.g., $28ton\;day^{-1}$) in summer using a BEIS method. Seasonal ozone production rates by isoprene ranged from 0.15 (winter) to 2.08 (summer) $ppb\;hr^{-1}$, contributing the predominant portion to ambient ozone levels. Total emissions of NOx and VOCs from ship traversing Busan ports were estimated to be 29,537 and $814ton\;yr^{-1}$, respectively, showing the significant contribution to total NOx emission in Busan. The emissions of ozone precursors were significantly different depending on ship tonnage and port location. Compared to the ship emission, the emissions of NOx and VOCs from the shipping container trucks in Busan were insignificant (2.9% for NOx and 3.9% for VOCs). Total NOx and VOCs emissions from the cargo handling equipment were estimated to be 1,440 and $133ton\;yr^{-1}$, respectively with the predominance of yard tractors.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.505-524
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• 1987

Nowaday all the countries of the world have studied the various problems caused in operating their own ports efficiently. Ship delay in the port is attributal to the inefficient operation in the navigation aids, the cargo handling, the storage and transfer facilities, and to the inefficient allocation of gangs or to a bad service for ships. Among these elements the allocation of gangs is the predominating factor in minimizing ship's turn round time. At present, in the case of Pusan Port. the labour union and stevedoring companies allocate gangs in every hatches of ships by a rule of thumb, just placing emphasis on minimizing ship's turn round time, without applying the principle of allocation during the cargo handling. Owing to this the efficiency of the cargo handling could not be expected to be maximized and this unsystematic operation result in supplying human resources of much unnecessary surplus gangs. Therefore in this paper the optimal size and allocation of gangs for minimizing the ship's turn round time is studied and formularized. For the determination of the priority for allocation the evaluation function, namely $F=PHi^{n}{\times}(W+H)$, can be obtained; where, PHI : Principal Hatch Index W : Total Cargo Weight represented in Gang-Shifts H : Total Number of Ship's hatches and also for the optimal size of gangs the average number of gang allocated per shift (Ng), namely Ng=W/PHI, is used. The proposed algorithm is applied to Pusan Port and its validity is verified.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

With increasing ship's speed turnround and port time becomes a large percentage of total roundtrip time and this causes to accelerate the introduction of the various kind of modern handling equipment, the standardization of cargoes, and the improvement of the ship. However, it is still a drag on efficient operation of ship. Similarly, the turnround time at the container port is very important as a measure for the decision of the efficiency of port. To decrease operating coasts, the minimization of the time need to cargo handling at the ports of call must be achieved. Thus the optimization of the time need to cargo handling at the ports of call must be achieved. Thus the optimized Container Loading Plan is necessary, especially under the rapid speed of container operations. For the container loading plan, in this thesis, we use the hungarian method and the branch and bound method to get the initial disposition of both maximization of ship's GM and minimization of shift number to the obstructive container in a yard area. We apply the dynamic programming algorithm to get the final disposition for minimizing total turnroudn time and finally we analyzed the results to check whether the initial disposition is proper or not.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-47
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• 1987

Nowaday all the countries of the world have studied the various problems caused in operating their own ports efficiently. Ship delay in the port is attributal to the inefficient operation in the navigation aids, the cargo handling, the storage and transfer facilities, and to the inefficient allocation of gangs or to a bad service for ships. Among these elements the allocation of gangs is the predominating factor in minimizing ship's turn round time. At present, in the case of Pusan Port. the labour union and stevedoring companies allocate gangs in every hatches of ships by a rule of thumb, just placing emphasis on minimizing ship's turn round time, without applying the principle of allocation during the cargo handling. Owing to this the efficiency of the cargo handling could not be expected to be maximized and this unsystematic operation result in supplying human resources of much unnecessary surplus gangs. Therefore in this paper the optimal size and allocation of gangs for minimizing the ship's turn round time is studied and formularized. For the determination of the priority for allocation the evaluation function, namely $F=PHi^{n}{\times}(W+H)$, can be obtained; where, PHI : Principal Hatch Index W : Total Cargo Weight represented in Gang-Shifts H : Total Number of Ship's hatches and also for the optimal size of gangs the average number of gang allocated per shift (Ng), namely Ng=W/PHI, is used. The proposed algorithm is applied to Pusan Port and its validity is verified.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2008

최근 국내에서는 원활한 물류 수송과 도로 이용자의 편의를 도모하기 위해 항만 및 주요 항로를 횡단하는 대형 해상교량 건설이 활발하게 추진되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 해상교량건설이 육상 도로시스템의 연장선상에서 경제 원리에 입각하여 추진된다면 이는 해상교통안전 확보에 지장을 초래할 수도 있을 것이다. 이러한 위험요소를 사전에 검증하고 통항안전성 유무를 평가하기 위하여 대표적인 방법으로 선박조종시뮬레이션을 채택하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 전 기능 선박조종시뮬레이터(FMSS)를 보유하고 있는 대표 4개 기관에서 해상교량 건설과 관련하여 수행했던 통항안전성 평가 보고서를 비교 분석하여, 각 기관별 수행 방법에 대한 차이점과 문제점을 도출하고, 향후 시뮬레이션의 수행 및 평가 방법에 대한 표준화 필요성을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2005

Maritime transportation consists of various situations such as navigation in the ocean, ship handling at harbor entrances, cargo handling and mooring in harbors. Generally, ships are built for the purpose of currying people and materials upon the seas. In order to accomplish the mission, a ship must be built to withstand the rigors of heavy weather and waves. In particular, the safety of ship motions at the entering/departing harbor and mooring under the effects of waves is very important for ship operation from the viewpoint of marine engineering. Therefore, safety and efficiency during entrance, departure, and mooring are extremely important aspects in the evaluation of ship operations from viewpoints of ship motions. However, the ship motions near a harbor entrance are not observed or studied as much. In this paper, to evaluate the difficulty of ship operations, field observations were performed using a new observation system with high accuracy in typhoon seasons, and grasp was done concerning about the time series characteristic that ship motions change rapidly within a harbor. Namely, such observations enable the quantitative safety evaluation under the effects of waves during ships entering and departing harbors in heavy weather.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2003

It can be said that the relationship between the maneuvering ability of operators and the navigational environment affects the safe degree of navigation in the collision avoidance situation. In order to reduce the occurrence probability of accident and to maintain the safety, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between human behavior and navigational environment. In this study, therefore, we analyzed and discussed the relationship between the maneuvering characteristics and the safety focused on human behavior as a fundamental factor of marine accidents using ship handling simulator and questionnaire. As a result, we concluded that navigational environment changes variously and the maneuvering ability of operators also varies with the navigational environment, and the ship handling characteristics strongly affect the occurrence probability of accident.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2018

종합 안전관리체계인 e-navigation을 준비하기 위해 선박의 의도된 경로를 선박 대 선박, 그리고 선박 대 육상 간에 공유하는 경로교환에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 하지만 경로교환을 위한 기술적인 측면에서의 연구 개발은 진행되고 있으나, 그 효과나 문제점 등 도입 필요성에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 선박조종 시뮬레이션을 통해 경로교환이 항해 안전에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고, 시뮬레이션 수행자들의 주관적인 평가를 종합하여 경로교환의 효과를 검증하였다. 선박 간 경로교환을 할 경우 최초 충돌회피 시점은 평균 3.43분 더 빨라졌으며, 충돌회피 방향은 60 %가 변경되었다. 또한 타선 A와의 최근접점은 31 % 더 가까워지고, 평균 타 사용지수는 57 % 줄어들었다. 그리고 설문 응답자의 95 %는 경로교환이 충돌회피 의사결정에 영향, 85 %는 안전운항에 긍정적인 영향, 90 %는 사고예방 효과, 70 %는 항해사의 심리적 부담 경감, 70 %는 경로교환을 실무에 도입해야한다고 답하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

항만을 출입항하는 선박의 통항 안전을 확보하기 위해서는 방파제와 같은 항만 시설물의 설계 또는 배치시에는 우선적으로 선박의 조종 성능을 감안하여 교통 흐름이 원활하도록 적정한 항로를 지정하여야 한다. 이 연구에서는 부산항 및 감천항 입항을 위해 방파제 인접 항로에서 일정 침로로 접근하는 컨테이너 선박이 외력인 바람, 조류, 파랑에 의해 선체에 발생하는 횡압류 및 회두 현상을 정량적으로 분석하여, 선속에 따라 외력을 상쇄하기 위해 취해야 할 대응타각을 산출한다. 또한 향후 방파제 설계 및 배치시 고려해야 될 외력하의 선박의 조종 성능요소를 제안함과 동시에 방파제의 설계와 항로 배치와의 관계에 대하여 고찰한다.