• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2018

Objective: An automated process for medication preparation and dispensing is essential to improve the quality of work. To reduce night pharmacy workload, a new automated dispensing cabinet system was implemented in a hospital emergency medical center. The purpose of this study is to verify that implementation of an automated dispensing cabinet system will influence the efficiency of night pharmacy work. Methods: To evaluate the new system implementation, a retrospective study and survey was performed in the Ewha Womans University medical center. We compared the dispensing and near-miss error rates between the automated dispensing cabinet system and a night pharmacy. The degree of satisfaction of night shift workers with the new system was surveyed. Results: This study showed significantly reduced dispensing rates of night medications (56.1% and 37.3%; p < 0.01) and near-miss night medications (0.27% and 0.17%; p<0.01). Thirty-two persons responded to the survey, and the satisfaction score for the new system was 4.0 (${\pm}0.8$). The scores were high in order of efficiency, management, and convenience. Time requirement was also reduced because of the simple step of only reviewing in the pharmacy with the new system. Conclusion: Due to system implementation, workload was reduced and time was saved for not only night shift workers but also patients receiving emergency discharge medicine. It was suggested that this will have a positive effect on pharmacist medical service and patient safety.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.615-621
• /
• 2014

해상교통관제사들의 과도하고 장기화된 스트레스가 그들의 삶의 질 뿐만 아니라 제공되는 서비스의 질에도 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 결과적으로 업무과중을 일으켜 선박사고 발생 위험률을 높일 수 있다는 데에 주목하고 스트레스 수준을 측정함과 아울러 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 직무스트레스 유발요인들을 추출해 보았다. 표준화된 측정도구(KOSS, PWI)로서 관제사들의 스트레스 수준을 측정해 보고, 배경적 변수(연령, 근무경력, 해상교통량 등)에 따라 스트레스에 차이가 있는가를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 관제사들은 일반인보다 높은 수준의 사회심리적 스트레스를 겪고 있었으며 연령 및 근무경력 별 스트레스 수준은 역U자 형태를 보였다. 또한 스트레스를 유발하는 직무환경적 요인들을 규명하였으며, 스트레스 관련 교육 및 근무환경 개선, 새로운 휴식시설 마련 등은 직무스트레스를 유의하게 낮게 함을 밝혔다. 그리고 근무환경, 교대근무 등의 직무환경적 스트레스 요인으로서 관제사의 직무스트레스를 설명할 수 있는 회귀모형을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 인적재해발생의 주요 원인인 직무스트레스에 관하여 고찰하고 해상교통관제 분야의 인적요인 연구에 필요한 기초자료로 삼고자 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The introduction of computerized numeric control (CNC) technology in manufacturing industries has revolutionized the production process, but there are some health and safety problems associated with these machines. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of postural discomfort in CNC machine operators, and the relationship of this discomfort to the display and control panel height, with a view to validate the anthropometric recommendation for the location of the display and control panel in CNC machines. Methods: The postural discomforts associated with CNC machines were studied in 122 male operators using Corlett and Bishop's body part discomfort mapping, subject information, and discomfort level at various time intervals from starting to end of a shift. This information was collected using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA. Results: Neck discomfort due to the positioning of the machine displays, and shoulder and arm discomfort due to the positioning of controls were identified as common health issues in the operators of these machines. The study revealed that 45.9% of machine operators reported discomfort in the lower back, 41.8% in the neck, 22.1% in the upper-back, 53.3% in the shoulder and arm, and 21.3% of the operators reported discomfort in the leg. Conclusion: Discomfort increased with the progress of the day and was highest at the end of a shift; subject age had no effect on patient tendency to experience discomfort levels.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2017

Background: Job stress and job satisfaction are important factors affecting workforce productivity. This study was carried out to investigate the job stress, job satisfaction, and workforce productivity levels, to examine the effects of job stress and job satisfaction on workforce productivity, and to identify factors associated with productivity decrement among employees of an Iranian petrochemical industry. Methods: In this study, 125 randomly selected employees of an Iranian petrochemical company participated. The data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, Osipow occupational stress questionnaire to investigate the level of job stress, Job Descriptive Index to examine job satisfaction, and Hersey and Goldsmith questionnaire to investigate productivity in the study population. Results: The levels of employees' perceived job stress and job satisfaction were moderate-high and moderate, respectively. Also, their productivity was evaluated as moderate. Although the relationship between job stress and productivity indices was not statistically significant, the positive correlation between job satisfaction and productivity indices was statistically significant. The regression modeling demonstrated that productivity was significantly associated with shift schedule, the second and the third dimensions of job stress (role insufficiency and role ambiguity), and the second dimension of job satisfaction (supervision). Conclusion: Corrective measures are necessary to improve the shift work system. "Role insufficiency" and "role ambiguity" should be improved and supervisor support must be increased to reduce job stress and increase job satisfaction and productivity.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 임상간호사의 유머감각, 낙관성, 간호업무성과의 정도를 파악하고 각 변수간의 상관관계를 파악하고 간호업무성과의 영향요인을 규명하고자 하였다. S 특별시 3개 상급 종합병원에 근무 중인 간호사 183명을 연구대상자로 하였으며, 자료수집은 2018년 2월 1일부터 2018년 4월 8일까지 하였다. 유머감각, 낙관성, 간호업무성과는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 일반적 특성 중 간호업무성과에 영향을 주는 요인은 교육수준, 교대근무, 경력이었고, 유머감각과 낙관성이 영향을 미쳤다. 이 3개 변수의 설명력은 38.6%로 나타났다. 따라서 임상간호사의 간호업무성과를 향상시키기 위하여 유머감각과 낙관성을 증진할 필요성이 있으며, 본 연구결과가 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후 간호사에게 유머감각과 낙관성 증진 프로그램을 적용하여 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.231-257
• /
• 2018

일본은 동아시아 발전주의 복지모델을 대표하는 국가 중 하나로 꼽힌다. 그러나 이 논문은 일본이 최근 사회투자국가로 전환했다고 주장한다. 제도적 경로 의존성에 따라 발전주의적 성격이 여전히 남아 있음에도 불구하고, 저출산 고령화등 새로운 사회적 위험에 대한 발전주의 복지국가의 제도적 비조응성이 증대하면서 민주당정권의 '제3의 길'에서 시작된 사회투자국가 노선은 '일본 1억 총활약 플랜'으로 상징되는 아베노믹스 제2단계로 계승되었다. 이 연구는 성장과 분배의 선순환을 강조하는 새로운 복지국가 패러다임이 정책 아이디어 차원에서만이 아니라 여성의 고용 활성화, 아동에 대한 투자, 돌봄 지원정책 등 일-가족 양립과 관련한 공공정책 영역에서 포괄적으로 추진되고 있음을 밝힌다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1424-1436
• /
• 2020

Although huge progress has been made in current image segmentation work, there are still no efficient segmentation strategies for tree image which is taken from natural environment and contains complex background. To improve those problems, we propose a method for tree image segmentation combining adaptive mean shifting with image abstraction. Our approach perform better than others because it focuses mainly on the background of image and characteristics of the tree itself. First, we abstract the original tree image using bilateral filtering and image pyramid from multiple perspectives, which can reduce the influence of the background and tree canopy gaps on clustering. Spatial location and gray scale features are obtained by step detection and the insertion rule method, respectively. Bandwidths calculated by spatial location and gray scale features are then used to determine the size of the Gaussian kernel function and in the mean shift clustering. Furthermore, the flood fill method is employed to fill the results of clustering and highlight the region of interest. To prove the effectiveness of tree image abstractions on image clustering, we compared different abstraction levels and achieved the optimal clustering results. For our algorithm, the average segmentation accuracy (SA), over-segmentation rate (OR), and under-segmentation rate (UR) of the crown are 91.21%, 3.54%, and 9.85%, respectively. The average values of the trunk are 92.78%, 8.16%, and 7.93%, respectively. Comparing the results of our method experimentally with other popular tree image segmentation methods, our segmentation method get rid of human interaction and shows higher SA. Meanwhile, this work shows a promising application prospect on visual reconstruction and factors measurement of tree.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2022

Background: The global shift toward greener societies demands new technologies and work operations in the waste-management sector. However, progressive industrial methods do not necessarily consider workers' health. This study characterized workers' exposure to bioaerosols and investigated the bioaerosols' potential to engage the immune system in vitro. Methods: Full shift personal aerosol sampling was conducted over three consecutive days. Dust load was analyzed by gravimetry, fungal and actinobacterial spores were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and endotoxin by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. In vitro exposure of HEK cells to airborne dust samples was used to investigate the potential of inducing an inflammatory reaction. Results: The total dust exposure level exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 5.0 mg/m³ in 3 out of 15 samples. The inhalable endotoxin level exceeded the recommended exposure level by a 7-fold, whereas the fungal spore level exceeded the recommended exposure level by an 11-fold. Actinobacterial spores were identified in 8 out of 14 samples. In vitro experiments revealed significant TLR2 activation in 9 out of 14 samples vs. significant TLR4 activation in all samples. Conclusion: The present study showed that the dust samples contained potentially health-impairing endotoxin, fungi, and actinobacterial levels. Furthermore, the sampled dust contained microbial components capable of inducing TLR activation and thus have the potential to evoke an inflammatory response in exposed individuals.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.32-43
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the dietary behavior of experienced shiftwork nurses and aimed to identify factors related to dietary behavior. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis based on the Shift Work Nurses' Health and Turnover study (2018-2021) among Korean nurses. In total, 247 experienced (>12 months) shiftwork nurses were included in this study. The participants' dietary behavior, depression, level of occupational stress, fatigue, physical activity, and general characteristics were measured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: The dietary behavior score of the participants using the Mini-Dietary Assessment Index was 29.35±5.67. Thirty percent of the participants were depressed, the participants experienced moderate occupational stress, and 74.1% of the participants engaged in an inadequate amount of physical activity. The factors influencing shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior were having child(ren) (β=.16, p=.027), depression (β=-.13, p=.032), level of occupational stress related to occupational climate (β=-.13, p=.035), and an inadequate amount of physical activity (β=-.17, p=.006). These factors explained 10.4% of the variance in experienced shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior scores. Conclusion: Experienced nurses with child(ren) tended to have healthier diets. However, a higher level of occupational stress related to occupational climate, depression, and engaging in an inadequate amount of physical activity were associated with a higher risk of having an unhealthy diet. Therefore, strategies are needed to encourage physical activity and alleviate adverse occupational climate and depression among experienced nurses.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2009

The muscular-skeletal disorders that have become a major issue recently in Korean industrial safety area are mainly caused by manual material handling task. The objective of this study is to provide scientific data for the establishment of work safety standard for Korean workers through the experiments of lifting task under various conditions, in order to prevent the muscular-skeletal disorders in the industrial work site. This study used the psychophysical approach to determine the maximum acceptable weight(MAWL) for seven young male subjects, and used isometric and isoinertial strength variables as predictors to develop prediction models. Also, the oxygen consumption, heart rate, and RPE were measured or recorded while subjects were lifting their MAWL. Three different lifting frequencies(1, 3, 5lifts/min) with two lifting range from floor to knuckle height and knuckle to shoulder height for one hour's work shift using free style lifting technique were studied. These results may not only provide scientific data in establishing the safety standards for Korean workers' lifting tasks, but also contribute preventing the rapidly increasing muscular-skeletal disorders lately on the industrial site.