• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.64-69
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• 1998

기질(S) 화합물로 30종의 5,6-dihydro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,4-oxathiin carboxanilide 유도체들을 합성하고 벼 잎집무늬 마름병균(Rhizoctonia solani)과 밀 붉은 녹병균(Puccinia recondita)에 대한 항균활성(in vivo) 값($pI_{50}$)을 측정하였다. (S)는 잘록병균보다 밀 붉은녹병균에 대하여 보다 큰 항균활성을 나타내었으며 두 종의 균에 대하여 3-methoxy, 11, 3-iso-propyloxy, 13 및 3-iso-propyl 치환체, 25가 제일 큰 활성을 보였다. 그리고 치환(X)-phenylcarbamoyl group의 변화에 따른 물리-화학 파라미터와 항균활성($pI_{50}$)으로부터 구조-활성관계(SAR)를 검토 한 결과, 벼 잎집무늬 마름병균에 대하여는 공명효과에 따른 전자밀게(R<0)의 소수성이 큰(${\pi}>0$) m-alkyl 치환기(X)가, 그리고 밀 붉은녹병균에 대하여는 분자 분극율(Sp.Pol.)과 분자의 음하전(ABSQ<0)을 위시하여 HOMO에너지(e.v.)가 클수록(HOMO<0) 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 전하-조절 반응에 의한 수용체-(S)간의 상호작용과 높은 활성발현 조건들이 검토되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2003

The intrauterine inseminator (IUI) was developed to provide the method of depositing dog semen into the uterine body instead of the vagina. The IUI consists of a vaginal endoscope, a balloon sheath, and injection catheter. When the endoscope is inserted into the vagina and the balloon expanded with air, the cervical os becomes visible so a injection catheter can be inserted through the cervix for deposition of the frozen-thawed semen. The efficacy of the IUI device was compared to intra-vaginal artificial insemination using semen that had been collected and frozen from pooled sperm-rich fraction of ejaculates collected from two Jindo dog donors. Aliquots of semen were extended with a Tris-egg yolk diluent, centrifuged, the seminal plasma removed, the pellet resuspended with the same diluent, and cooled to $5^{\circ}C$ over a 2 h period. A Tris-egg yolk-glycerol extender was added at $5^{\circ}C$; after 1 h, semen was loaded into 0.5 ml straws, and straws were frozen in LN vapor for 5 min, and immersed in LN for storage. The final sperm concentration for freezing was approximately $100{\times}10^{6}cells/ml$. The straws were thawed at $70^{\circ}C$ for precisely 6 sec, 1.5 ml Tris-egg yolk buffer at $38^{\circ}C$ added, and the 2 ml of thawed semen was used for a single insemination using the IUI device. Each bitch was inseminated at optimal insemination point, which was estimated by vaginal epithelial cells staining and progesterone concentration analysis. Use of the IUI device resulted in 21 of 26 females giving birth to 89 pups ($4.2{\pm}1.6$ pups per litter), while intra-vaginal AI resulted in 6 of 15 females whelping a total of 17 pups ($2.8{\pm}1.2$ pups per litter). We believe the IUI device is easier to use than previously described devices used for intrauterine insemination. In our experience the expansion of the balloon has a calming effect on the bitch that aids the inseminator. These results indicate that the IUI device was able to provide high fertility with 50 million frozen sperm per insemination and two inseminations.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.157-157
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• 2015

Recently, the growing interest in organic microelectronic devices including OLEDs has led to an increasing amount of research into their many potential applications in the area of flexible electronic devices based on plastic substrates. However, these organic devices require a gas barrier coating to prevent the permeation of water and oxygen because organic materials are highly susceptible to water and oxygen. In particular, high efficiency OLEDs require an extremely low water vapor transition rate (WVTR) of $1{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2day$. The Key factor in high quality inorganic gas barrier formation for achieving the very low WVTR required ($1{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2day$) is the suppression of defect sites and gas diffusion pathways between grain boundaries. In this study NBAS process was introduced to deposit enhanced film density single gas barrier layer with a low WVTR. Fig. 1. shows a schematic illustration of the NBAS apparatus. The NBAS process was used for the $Al_2O_3$ nano-crystal structure films deposition, as shown in Fig. 1. The NBAS system is based on the conventional RF magnetron sputtering and it has the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source and metal reflector. $Ar^+$ ion in the ECR plasma can be accelerated into the plasma sheath between the plasma and metal reflector, which are then neutralized mainly by Auger neutralization. The neutral beam energy is controlled by the metal reflector bias. The controllable neutral beam energy can continuously change crystalline structures from an amorphous phase to nanocrystal phase of various grain sizes. The $Al_2O_3$ films can be high film density by controllable Auger neutral beam energy. we developed $Al_2O_3$ high dense barrier layer using NBAS process. We can verified that NBAS process effect can lead to formation of high density nano-crystal structure barrier layer. As a result, Fig. 2. shows that the NBAS processed $Al_2O_3$ high dense barrier layer shows excellent WVTR property as a under $2{\times}10^{-5}g/m^2day$ in the single barrier layer of 100nm thickness. Therefore, the NBAS processed $Al_2O_3$ high dense barrier layer is very suitable in the high efficiency OLED application.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2014

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS), reflects pathophysiologic steps in MS such as the influence of T cells and antibodies reactive to the myelin sheath, and the cytotoxic effect of cytokines. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a member of animal lectins that plays an essential role in various biological functions. The expression of Gal-9 is significantly enhanced in MS lesions; however, its role in autoimmune disease has not been fully elucidated. To identify the role of Gal-9 in EAE, we measured changes in mRNA and protein expression of Gal-9 as EAE progressed. Expression increased with disease progression, with a sharp rise occurring at its peak. Gal-9 immunoreactivity was mainly expressed in astrocytes and microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) and macrophages of spleen. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that $Gal-9^+CD11b^+$ cells were dramatically increased in the spleen at the peak of disease. Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1 and p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was observed in the CNS of EAE mice, suggesting that TNF-R1 and p-JNK might be key regulators contributing to the expression of Gal-9 during EAE. These results suggest that identification of the relationship between Gal-9 and EAE progression is critical for better understanding Gal-9 biology in autoimmune disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1999

Background: Clonidine, an ${\alpha}_2$ adrenergic agonist blocks nerve conduction. However, in our previous experiment we found that adrenaline neither blocks nerve conduction by itself nor augment nerve conduction blockade by lidocaine near clinical concentrations. Possible explanations are: 1) there may be antagonism between some of adrenergic receptors, 2) clonidine may block nerve conduction via non-adrenergic mechanism. The purpose of this study is to obtain dose-response curves of several different forms of adrenergic receptor agonist to see the relative potencies of each adrenergic receptors to block nerve conduction. Methods: Recordings of compound action potentials of A-fiber components (A-CAPs) were obtained from isolated sciatic nerves of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nerve sheath of the sciatic nerve was removed and desheathed nerve bundle was mounted on a recording chamber. Single pulse stimuli (0.5 msec, supramaximal stimuli) were repeatedly applied (2Hz) to one end of the nerve and recordings of A-CAPs were made on the other end of the nerve. Dose-response curves of epinephrine, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, clonidine were obtained. Results: $ED_{50}$ of each adrenergic agonist was: $4.51\times10^{-2}$ M for epinephrine; phenylephrine, $7.74\times10^{-2}$ M; isoproterenol, $9.61\times10^{-2}$ M; clonidine, $1.57\times10^{-3}$ M. Conclusion: This study showed that only clonidine, ${\alpha}_2$ adrenergic agonist, showed some nerve blocking action while other adrenergic agonists showed similar poor degree of nerve blockade. This data suggest that non-effectiveness of epinephrine in blocking nerve conduction is not from the antagonism between adrenergic receptors.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 1982

호남지역(胡南地域)에서 논 다년생(多年生) 우점잡초(優占雜草)인 올미의 효과적(効果的)인 약제방제(藥鄭防除)를 위하여 혼합제(混合劑)인 Butachlor + Naproanilide, CG 113 + Naproanilide, Benthiocarb +Naproanilide를 공시(供試)하여 1982년(年)에 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 올미의 괴경(塊莖)은 토양중(土壤中)에서 10cm 이내(以內)에 92%가 분포(分布)되어 있었으며 이앙후(移秧後) 40 일(日)까지는 계속 발생개체수(發生個體數)가 증가(增加)하나 그 이후(以後)에는 減少(減少)하였다. 2. 올미의 방제효과(防除効果)는 perfluidone에 비(比)하여 Naproanilide 혼합제(混合劑) 처리(處理)에 의하여 발생개체수(發生個體數) 및 건물중(乾物中)이 적었으며 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 95% 이상(以上)의 높은 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈고 일년생(一年生) 방제율(防除率)도 높았다. 3. 올미의 괴경형성수(塊莖形成數)는 각(各) 약제처리(藥劑處理) 모두 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 적었으며 초기(初期)나 중기(中期) 처리(處理) 공(共)히 Naproanilide 혼합제(混合劑)에서 Perfluidone이나 2, 4-D보다 괴경형성수(塊莖形成數)가 적어 괴경형성억제(塊莖形成抑制) 효과(効果)가 컸다. 4. CG 113 + Naproanilide는 일(日)/인(印) 교잡계통(交雜系統)인 이리(裡里) 358 호(號)에서 최초(最初) 벽자(蘗子)의 엽선단(葉先端)이 엽초(葉効)에 붙어 만곡(彎曲)하는 약해(藥害) 징상(徵象)이 나타났으나 약(約) 10일(日) 이내(以內)에 회복(回復)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 1994

본 실험은 질소시용 수준이 수도의 이삭줄기, 엽신 및 엽초의 소유관속 발육에 미치는 영향을 구명 하여 수량을 증대시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위하여 '89∼'90년에 국제벼연구소 (IRRI)에서 인도형인 IR 58과 일본형인 운봉 7을 공시하여 수행하였다. 1. 분얼경의 수수절간에 발달된 소유관속수는 질소시용 수준이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가되는 경향이었으며, 주간의 경우 질소 무시용구에 비하여 질소시용구에서 IR 58은 39% 및 운봉 7은 24% 증가하였다. 2. 주간 및 일찍 출현된 1, 2차 분얼경의 발육 순서로 소유관속수가 많이 발육되어 있었으며, 분얼경의 출현이 늦을수록 유관속의 발육이 저하 되었다. 3. 주간의 수수절간, 엽신 및 엽초의 소유관속발육은 질소 무비구 및 소비구에 비하여 질소 증시구에서 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 4. 수수절간의 소유관속수는 이삭당 영화수 및 입중과 밀접한 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 이는 줄기에 발달된 소유관속이 영화수의 분화와 깊은 연관성을 가지고 있으며, 발달된 유관속을 통해 양수분 전류가 원할히 이루어져서 결국 이삭당 입중도 증가되는 결과를 보였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.138-152
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• 2010

Objective: Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) is one of the representative prescriptions for invigoration of vitality and nourishing of the blood. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) on hair regrowth and cytokine changes in a shaving model of C57BL6 mice. Method: Five-week-old mice were acclimated for 1 week at a temperature between $21-23^{\circ}C{\acute{E}}$, 40-60% relative humidity, and 12h of a light/dark cycle before beginning of the experiment. There were two groups including normal saline (control) and a positive control of oral intake of Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) extract (sample) in 18 female mice. The test compounds were topically treated once a day over 14 days. The hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period of 14 days. Revelation of TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGF were also determined using immunohistochemistry. In addition to that, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined in serum. Results: Hair regrowth in the sample group was promoted earlier and faster than the control group, as shown by concentrations of hairs and thick-hair ratio in the sample group. TGF-${\beta}1$ was not revealed in either control or sample group. EGF was strongly positive in out root sheath of some thick hair of the sample group. Serum IFN-$\gamma$ was significantly decreased in the sample group compared with the control group at 7 experimental days. However, it was not significantly decreased at 14 experimental days. Serum IL-4 was significantly increased in the sample group compared with the control group at 7 experimental days. However, it was not significantly decreased at 14 experimental days. Serum IL-10 was decreased in the sample group compared with the control group, but with no real statistical significance. Conclusion: These results suggest that Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) has hair growth promoting activity and it can be used for treatment of alopecia. Also, these effects relate to EGF revelation of hair roots, a decrease in serum IFN-$\gamma$, and an increase of serum IL-4.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2013

친환경 마늘재배농가의 엽초유인 및 제초작업에 소요되는 노동력을 절감하고 비닐피복으로 인한 비상품성 마늘의 비율을 낮추기 위하여 왕겨 등 4종의 피복재료를 이용하여 본 시험을 수행하였다. 출현기는 투명P.E.필름 피복구에서 2월 18일로 가장 빨랐으며 무피복구에서 3월 23일로 가장 늦었고, 이중피복구는 투명P.E.필름 피복구보다 다소 늦다. 지상부 생육은 관행>이중피복구>무피복 순으로 양호한 생육을 보였지만 엽초장은 짚+투명P.E.피복구와 톱밥+P.E.피복구에서 투명P.E.필름 피복보다 양호하였다. 피복재료별 잡초발생량은 검정유공P.E.필름+투명P.E.피복구에서 가장 적었고, 이중 피복구에서 48%~56%의 방제가를 보였다. 이중피복 처리에 따른 육쪽비율을 보면 짚+투명P.E.피복구에서 가장 높았고, 이중 피복구가 투명P.E.필름 피복구보다 2배 이상 육쪽비율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 지하부 특성은 투명P.E.필름 피복구에서 구경, 구고, 구중이 가장 양호하였으나 이차생장율이 가장 높았으며, 왕겨+투명P.E.피복구에서 이차생장율이 가장 낮았다. 전체수량은 투명P.E.필름 피복구에서 961kg/10a로 가장 많았지만 상품수량은 왕겨 피복구에서 848kg/10a로 가장 많았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1998

Molinate를 경엽처리한 후 10일째 재배양식별 초장을 측정한 결과 건답직파조건에서 표면 및 토중파종벼의 초장은 각각 38%, 6% 억제되어 표면파종벼 초장억제가 더 크게 나타났고 피는 46%로 크게 억제었다. 직파조건에서 벼의 초장은 이앙벼에 비해 더 크게 억제되었고 토중직파벼보다 표면직파벼에서 더 큰 억제경향을 보였다. 한편 피의 초장은 벼보다 더 크게 감소되었고 건답조건의 피보단 담수조건의 피에서 molinate 처리에 따른 억제경향이 더 크게 나타났다. 건답조건에서의 벼의 근장은 0~6%, 담수직파조건에서 3~5% 그리고 이앙벼에서는 11%로 비교적 경미한 억제를 보였으나 두 재배조건에서 피의 근장억제율은 각각 30% 및 40%로 건답조선보다 담수조건에서 더 크게 억제되었다. Molinate처리에 따른 해부학적 특성 변화를 검토하기 위해 재배조건별 채취된 벼와 피를 종단하여 생장점(SA : Shoot apex)과 엽초(LS : leaf sheath) 내의 엽시원체(LP : leaf primordia)를 관찰한 결과 molinate 처리후 10일째 건답 및 담수직파조건에서 두 벼의 생장점 및 엽시원체의 해부학적 특성은 무처리에 대비하여 큰 변화가 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 두 조건의 피에서는 지상부생장의 억제(inhibition) 및 지연(정지 : retardation)에 따른 비정상석인 생장유도로 생장점을 제외한 엽시원체의 신장이 신엽(新葉)으로 전개되지 못하고 zig-zag pattern으로 엽초내에서 뒤틀려지는 양상을 발견할 수 있었으며 이러한 경향은 건답조건에서보다 담수조건에서 더 크게 나타났다.