• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2017

In temperate monsoon regions, extensive shallow landslides triggered by heavy rainfall are recurrent phenomena in mountainous areas. 1,357 landslides over Jinbu area, Korea that totaled 127 km2 were identified from aerial photographs and field survey. We examined characteristics of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and casual factors affecting landslide distribution with respect to topographic and forest settings, and land use. Most landslides occurred in the study area were the results of a complex combination of precondition, preparatory factors and triggering factors. Cumulative rainfall and high intensity rainfall during short period of time made the study area very sensitive to landslides and played as catalysts to enable other factors including topographic and forest settings, and land use to act more effectively. In addition, some landslides at lower elevation involved channel incision or bank erosion influenced by land use changes such as deforestation and intensification of agriculture surrounding riparian forests or hillslopes. The results suggest that most of landslide were triggered by heavy rainstorms while topographic, forest settings, and land use affected landslide distribution occurred in the study area.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2019

산사태의 시간에 따른 전파를 모의하기 위해서 천수방정식을 사용하여 산사태 수치모형을 개발하였다. 하천 및 해양에서의 산사태에 모두 해석이 가능하도록 (b, s) 좌표로 표현된 천수방정식을 개발하였다. 산사태에서 발생하는 수치적인 불연속성을 극복하기 위해서 HLL approximate Riemann solver와 total variation diminishing (TVD) limiter를 사용한 유한체적법을 사용하였다. 댐파괴 흐름와 토석류의 각 경우에 수치해석을 수행한 결과를 해석해와 실험자료와 비교를 하였다. 그 결과 서로 유사함을 확인되었다. 본 모형을 사용하여 해상 산사태와 해저 산사태를 성공적으로 모의하였다. 해저 산사태에 비해 해상 산사태의 전파속도가 더 빠르고, 바닥경사가 급할수록 또는 거칠기가 작을수록 산사태 전파속도가 더 빨라짐을 확인하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.463-466
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 1963년부터 2012년까지 과거 50여 년간 우리나라 전역에서 발생한 478건의 산사태를 대상으로 시간단위 강우자료와 분위회귀분석을 토대로 산사태 유발강우의 강도(I, mm/hr)-지속시간(D, hrs) 관계를 해석하였다. 그 결과, I-D 한계식 "$I=9.64D^{-0.27}$, $4{\leq}D{\leq}76$" 이 도출되었고, 발생확률별 강우강도-지속시간 관계식을 제시할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 광역적 산사태 예 경보 시스템의 개선 및 실효성 향상에 필요한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.260-260
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• 2017

This study aims to compare the performance of TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability model) and TiVaSS (Time-variant Slope Stability model) in the prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. TRIGRS employs one-dimensional (1-D) subsurface flow to simulate the infiltration rate, whereas a three-dimensional (3-D) model is utilized in TiVaSS. The former has been widely used in landslide modeling, while the latter was developed only recently. Both programs are used for the spatiotemporal prediction of shallow landslides caused by rainfall. The present study uses the July 2011 landslide event that occurred in Mt. Umyeon, Seoul, Korea, for validation. The performance of the two programs is evaluated by comparison with data of the actual landslides in both location and timing by using a landslide ratio for each factor of safety class ( index), which was developed for addressing point-like landslide locations. In addition, the influence of surface flow on landslide initiation is assessed. The results show that the shallow landslides predicted by the two models have characteristics that are highly consistent with those of the observed sliding sites, although the performance of TiVaSS is slightly better. Overland flow affects the buildup of the pressure head and reduces the slope stability, although this influence was not significant in this case. A slight increase in the predicted unstable area from 19.30% to 19.93% was recorded when the overland flow was considered. It is concluded that both models are suitable for application in the study area. However, although it is a well-established model requiring less input data and shorter run times, TRIGRS produces less accurate results.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제31권A호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

This paper is results of analyzing characteristics of landslides occurred in Wonju, Gangwondo, around July, 16 in 2006, caused by heavy rainfall and antecedent precipitation by two typhoons of Ewiniar and Bilis. The main causes of landslides were antecedent precipitation during July 8 to 15, resulting in weakening grounds by increasing the degree of saturation previously, and the heavy rainfall during July 15 to 16. Most of landslides in natural slopes were transitional failures occurred along the boundary between the residual weathered soil in shallow depth and the hard mother rock. From results of conclusive analyses regarding 28 sites in Wonju region where landslides occurred, the slope length of landslide, the slope width, and the slope area were less than 50m with 71% of frequency, 20m with 79% of frequency and $300m^2$ of 64% of frequency respectively. The average value of slope angle was $35^{\circ}$. The most probable direction of slope was found to be north because of topography and advancing direction of seasonal rain front.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.214-214
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• 2015

Rainfall induced landslides is one of the most devastating natural disasters acting on mountainous areas. In Korea, landslide damage areas increase significantly from 1990s to 2000s due to the increase of both rainfall intensity and rainy days in addition with haphazard land development. This study was carried out based on the application of TRIGRS unsaturated (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope stability analysis), a Fortran coded, physically based, and numerical model that can predict landslides for areas where are prone to shallow precipitation. Using TRIGRS combining with the geographic information system (GIS) framework, the landslide incident happened on 27th, July 2011 in Mt. Umyeon in Seoul was modeled. The predicted results which were raster maps showed values of the factors of safety on every pixel at different time steps show a strong agreement with to the observed actual landslide scars in both time and locations. Although some limitations of the program are still needed to be further improved, some soil data as well as landslide information are lack; TRIGRS is proved to be a powerful tool for shallow landslide susceptibility zonation especially in great areas where the input geotechnical and hydraulic data for simulation is not fully available.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.107-116
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• 2005

Korea has been suffering from various natural disasters. Slope-stability related disasters such as landslides usually occur during typhoon and torrential rain season. Types of slope-stability related disasters can be classified as failures in cut slopes along constructed roads, landslides in natural terrain, and retaining structure failures in urban area. This paper summarizes human casualties for the last 29 years in Korea, reviews field studies for the disaster sites that caused human casualties due to torrential rains in the Summer of 2005, analyzes causes of slope-stability related disasters and includes recommendations for an effective management system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.353-370
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• 2017

This paper presents a case study and numerical investigation to study the hydro-mechanical response of a shallow landslide in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using a coupled model. The coupled model was interpreted in details by expressing the balance equations for soil mixture and the coupled constitutive equations. The coupled model was verified against experimental data from the shearing-infiltration triaxial tests. A real case of shallow landslide occurred on Mt. Umyeonsan, Seoul, Korea was employed to explore the influence of rainfall infiltration on the slope stability during heavy rainfall. Numerical results showed that the coupled model accurately predicted the poromechanical behavior of a rainfall-induced landslide by simultaneously linking seepage and stress-strain problems. It was also found that the coupled model properly described progress failure of a slope in a highly transient condition. Through the comparisons between the coupled and uncoupled models, the coupled model provided more realistic analysis results under rainfall. Consequently, the coupled model was found to be feasible for the stability and seepage analysis of practical engineering problems.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

본 논문은 강원도 횡성지역에서 집중호우와 태풍 에위니아, 빌리스의 선행강우에 의해 2006년 7월 16일에 발생한 산사태 피해 발생 원인과 특성에 대하여 분석한 결과이다. 산사태 발생의 직접적인 원인은 7월 12일~13일의 선행강우로 지반의 포화도가 증가된 상태에서 7월 15일~16일의 집중호우로 인해 피해가 발생한 것으로 확인되었다. 자연 사면의 산사태 유형은 얕은 심도의 풍화잔류토층과 기반암의 경계면에서 활동이 진행되는 전이형 사면활동으로 확인되었다. 횡성지역에서 발생한 100개소에 대한 자료의 종합적인 분석 결과, 산사태 발생의 사면길이는 100m이하(87%), 사면 폭은 30m이하(74%), 평균사면경사는 $24^{\circ}$로 나타났다.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2007

자연사면에서의 산사태를 평가함에 있어 발생양상과 기하특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이 연구는 지질을 달리하는 3개지역(장흥, 편마암류; 상주, 화강암류; 포항, 제3기 퇴적암류)에서 발생한 산사태를 대상으로 지질조건에 따른 산사태의 기하양상을 분석하였다. 3개지역에서는 1998년 여름에 $150{\sim}588mm$의 집중호우로 인해 총 1,582개의 산사태가 발생하였다. 이들 산사태를 조사하여 지질조건별 기하특성을 분석하였다. 산사태는 90% 이상의 사면고도에서 발생빈도가 가장 높고 70% 미만의 고도에서는 매우 낮다. 사면경사는 $26{\sim}30^{\circ}$ 범위에서 가장 많이 발생하였고 $20^{\circ}$ 미만에서는 발생빈도가 매우 낮으며 이러한 양상은 지질별로 거의 유사한 경향성을 보였다. 규모는 부피로 보아 수십부터 수백을 넘는 경우도 있으며, 그 길이는 $5{\sim}300m$, 폭은 $3{\sim}50m$로서 좁고 긴 형태이고 깊이는 대부분 1 m 이내로서 매우 얕은 특징을 보였다. 그리고 유형은 기반암의 표면을 파괴면으로 하여 그 상부에 위치한 토층이 미끄러지는 전이형 슬라이드가 주를 이루며, 토석류로 이뤄진 사태물질이 하부사면과 계곡부로 이동되면서 유동성산사태로 변화되는 양상을 보였다.