• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1982

Enterotoxigenk E. coli is one of the major causative agents of the infantile diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. The heat-labile enterotoxin is thought to be a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of the diarrhea and to be a marker for identification of the enterotoxigenic E. coli from non pathogenic E. coli. Therefore knowledge about the heat-labile enterotoxin is essential not only for understanding the pathogenesis but also for the diagnosis of the diarrhea. However the in-vitro heat-labile enterotoxin production is reported to be greatly affected by the cultural condition. In this regards, this study was designed to know the optimal conditions for the production of the heat-labile enterotoxin by assaying the permeability factor in the 18 hours culture supernatant of E. coli 08K25(B2) H9 and of E. coli 015 H11. Results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Amounts of heat-labile enterotoxin produced were greater at initial pH 8.5 than at 7.0 of CYES-2 broth culture. However, the bacterial growth itself was more abundant at 7.0 than at 8.5. 2. Heat-labile enterotoxin per unit volume of culture supernatant was greater at shaking culture than at standing culture condition, but ratio of the enterotoxin produced over the unit mass of E. coli calculated was greater at standing culture than shaking culture condition, indicating that the greater yields of the toxin produced at shaking culture was due to increase in E. coli cell mass compared to the standing culture condition: 3. The enterotoxin produced in the lincomycin(128 microgram/ml) supplemented media was 5 or 11 times greater on the basis of enterotoxin per unit mass of E. coli, compared to the lincomycin-non-supplemented media, indicating that lincomycin itself increases the enterotoxin production. 4. Treatment of 18 hours culture of E. coli with polymyxin B(0.2 mg/ml) for 1 hour increased the yields of enterotoxin amounting to 2 or 5 times of the non-treated control cultures.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2000

참치 통조림 부산물인 자숙 가다랑어뼈를 칼슘제로 이용하기 위하여 칼슘추출조건 (추출방법 및 시간) 및 그 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 다량의 지질이 혼재한 자숙 가다랑어뼈로부터 칼슘제로 제조하기 위한 추출방법으로는 회화처리가 고온가압처리 및 진탕 처리보다 어취가 없으면서 백색을 나타내어 적절하였고, 백색도 및 칼슘 가용화율로 미루어 회화처리 최적조건은 $900{\circ}C, 15분$이었다. 최적조건에서 회화처리한 칼슘제의 응집은 진탕시간이 경과할수록 증가하여 16시간에 $86.1{\%}$로 최고에 달하였고, 용액 pH가 산성조건 (pH 2-5)에서는 거의 일어나지 않았으나, 중성조건 (pH 6-8)에서 급격히 증가하여 최대에 이르렀고, 알칼리조건 (pH 9-11)에서는 중성조건과 거의 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 최적조건에서 처리한 칼슘제의 경우도 중성부근에서는 가용화율이 낮아 기능성 개선제 또는 고차 수산가공품의 탄력 증강 등과 같은 품질개선제로 이용되기 위하여는 용해도 개선을 위한 적절한 처리가 시도되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1432-1437
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• 2009

BC 합성능이 우수하며, 진탕배양에서도 BC를 생산할 수 있는 능력이 있음이 확인된 Aectobacter sp. V6로부터 BC 생산을 위한 당밀 전처리 조건을 검토하였으며, 생산된 BC의 물리화학적 특성을 검토하였다. 당밀을 배지성분으로 사용하기 위해 전처리를 실시한 결과, 1%의 TP가 BC 생산에 가장 효율적이었다. 전처리한 당밀배지를 이용하여 정치 및 진탕배양에서 생산된 BC의 물리화학적 특성을 조사한 결과, 모든 BC는 유화능이 있었으나 유화 안정능은 낮았다. 또한 모든 BC에서 높은 수분 보유능이 나타났으며, 특히 정치배양에서 생산된 BC는 $\alpha$-cellulose보다 14배 이상 높았다. BC의 점도는 모두 $\alpha$-cellulose보다 높았으며, 점도계 회전속도의 증가에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. FT-IR을 통한 조성 분석에서 BC는 식물성 셀룰로 오스와 차이가 없었으며, XRD를 통한 결정성 분석에서는 모든 BC가 결정성을 나타내었다. BC의 미세구조를 조사한 결과, 모든 BC가 미세망상구조로 이루어져 있었는데, 이로 인해 BC는 식물성 셀룰로오스와는 달리 독특한 물성을 가지는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 정치배양에서 생산된 BC는 진탕배양에서 생산된 것보다 셀룰로오스 미세섬유가 조밀하게 얽혀있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

가끔 먼 지역 거주자들은 현대 의약품이나 의학 서비스에 있어서 불충분하거나 접근할 수 없다. 그들은 개똥쑥의 선택된 품종을 경작하고 차 제조의 적절한 방법에 따라 식물로부터 차나 달인즙을 만드는 것에 의해 말라리아에 대항한 치료의 관점에서 이익을 얻을 수 있다. 아르테미시닌에 대한 최대 추출 효율을 위해, 개똥쑥의 차제조의 다른 방법들은 발달된 DPP방법을 적용하여 연구되었고 이 논문에 서술되었다. 차는 시간을 다르게 하여 3가지 다른 방법으로 제조된다(굽기, 섞거나 섞지 않으면서 굽지 않기 그리고 마이크로 웨이브 오븐). 결과로부터, 아르테미시닌의 더 높은 농도(84.7%)는 15분 동안 섞으면서 굽지 않는 차 제조법에 의해 도달될 수 있다는 것을 발견했다(R.S.D. 2.34%). 아르테미시닌의 농도는 마이크로 웨이브 오븐에서 1.5분 이상 구울 때 감소한다. 최대한도의 추출(88.9%)은 증류수에서 5%에탄올과 함께 섞는 추출방법에서 가능했다(R.S.D. 2.28%).

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.811-813
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• 2008

To see the effect of magnesium on adhesion to natural zeolites, a series of batch tests were performed in this research. Mixed bacteria were sampled from the digestion tank at a local sewage treatment plant in Seoul. Magnesium-zeolites were synthesized by mixing natural zeolites with 0.096 M, 0.24 M, and 0.48 M of MgCl2 solution. For comparison, manganese and trivalent ferric zeolites were also prepared. Two grams of 0.2 mm $\sim$ 0.3 mm sized zeolites(non-treated, Mg, Mn and Fe(III) treated zeolites) and 20 mL of water were mixed in a Corex 25 mL tube. Five milliliters of culture solution including bacteria was added to the tube. The tubes were equilibrated in a shaking incubator at mesophilic temperature $(30{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$. The bacterial concentrations were measured with a Microluminometer (New Horizons 3550i) and total organic carbon (TOC) spectrophotometer (Multi NC-3100).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of elicitors such as yeast extract (YE), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the accumulation of eurycomanone in Eurycoma longifolia cell cultures were investigated. Suspension cells of E. longifolia was cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 1.25 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/L kinetin at a shaking speed of 120 rpm. Elicitors were added in the culture at different concentrations and times to stimulate eurycomanone accumulation in the Eurycoma longifolia cells. Eurycomanone content was determined by HPLC with a C18 column, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, run time of 17.5 min, and a detector wavelength of 254 nm. The stationary phase was silica gel and the mobile phase was acetonitrile: $H_2O$. Non-elicited cells were used as the control. The study showed the effect of different elicitor concentrations, YE at 200 mg/L, MeJA at $20{\mu}M$ and SA at $20{\mu}M$ stimulated high production of eurycomanone. In which, treatment of $20{\mu}M$ MeJA after 4 days of culture resulted in the highest accumulation of this compound (17.36 mg/g dry weight), approximately 10-fold higher than that of untreated cells (1.70 mg/g dry weight).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2003

The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals. Japanese medaka was treated by copper of appropriate sublethal concentrations after starvation for 48 hr. The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics (i.e. , smooth and linear movements). Locomotive activity of the fish was monitored using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. When treated with copper (100 ppb), the fish showed shaking patterns more frequently. As the concentration of copper increased to 1,000 ppb, activity decreated, and the fish showed an erratic movement. Fish were exposed to copper at various concentrations (0,100 and 1,000 ppb) for 24 hrs, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was observed. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of copper, the body AChE activities appeared to decrease but the head AChE activities showed little change. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head (brain) and body (kidney) portions affected by the copper treatment were analyzed using immunohistochemical technique compared with control. Five organs of the fish (olfactory bulb, hyothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions) showed a relatively strong TH protein expression in the control experiment. A differential expression of TH, however, was observed in the treatment (100 ppb and 1,000 ppb). The treatment (1,000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the brain regions. In kidney, however, the same treatment caused little suppression compared with the control. Copper appeared to be less effective in suppression of TH than diazinon, a known TH suppressor. It was concluded that TH could be used at a potential biomarker to monitor the acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the methods for acupuncture and moxibustional treatment to insomnia Methods : The insomnia is classified by seven cause at main subject. According to this, arrange the acupuncture and moxibustional treatment for classical books, and explain eight meridian related to insomnia. Results : 1. Insomnia means deficiency of sleeping and it is the word generally used when a short period of sleeping, difficulty for deep sleeping and difficulty for recovery of original vital energy comes out. In oriental medicine, they understand that uneasiness condition occurred by abnormal operation of the internal organs as heart, liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, kidney, etc. caused by external affection or internal injury becomes Insomnia. 2. Cause of insomnia can be classified majorly as fire-transformation of liver and gallbladder , inner shaking of phlegm-heat , insufficiency of both the heart and the spleen, disharmony between heat and kidney, the dysfunction of the stomach, timidity of heart and gallbladder, the deficiency of Qi of the lung. They make insomnia with bad influence upon body and spirit. 3. The meridian system such as Heart Meridian of Hand Soeum, Pericardium Meridian of Hand Gworeum, Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangmyeong, Spleen Meridian of Foot Taeeum, Bladder Meridian of Foot Taeyang, Kidney Meridian of Foot Soeum, Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Soyang, Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum and Lung Meridian of Hand Taeeum are used to treat insomnia. Sinmun acupoint and Naegwan acupoint are often used in particular because the they are good for calmming the spirit, the heart and purging the heart of (pathogenic) fire. 4. Especialy, Back-Su points of Bladder Meridian of Foot Taeyang was used by each causes. The Back-su Points was mainly used for heal the insomnia because the Back-Su points has good competent to control the ability of internal organs by direct effect to it. It is because the vitality flows through around back-Su. Conclusions : It comes to a conclusion as follows with research for relevancy of the main cause of insomnia and meridian system includes meridian point.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제6권
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• pp.157-162
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• 1988

활성화시킨 Succinylaminopropyl glass beads에 glutaraldehyde을 사용하여 고정화시킨 Mucor spp L42 응유효소를 치즈 커드 형성과정에 이용하고져 고정화 효소의 안정성, 재이용성, 반응의 조건, 반응조의 형태등에 대하여 탈지유(pH 5.6, $8^{\circ}C$)를 사용하여 반응시킨후 $30^{\circ}C$ 항온수조내에서 커드의 형성 상태를 조사하였던바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 고정화 Mucor spp L42 응유효소를 0.2M phosphate buffer(pH 4.6)에 0.06% sodium azide을 첨가한 액에 침지한 상태로 $5^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 보존할 경우 3개월 후에도 활력의 80%가 유지되었다. 2) 고정화 Mucor spp L42 응유효소를 탈지유(pH 5.6, $8^{\circ}C$)로 반응시켰을때 반응 초기에는 고정화 효소의 활력이 급격히 감소하였고, 이것은 bead에 결합되는 질소화합물과 효소의 활력간에 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 고정화 Mucor spp L42 응유효소에 bead와 탈지유의 접촉시간을 60 sec/ml로 하여 탈지유(pH 5.6, $8^{\circ}C$)로 연속적으로 반응시켰을때 6시간 이후에도 bead의 활력의 70%가 유지할 수 있었다. 4) Fluidized bed와 shaking fluidized bed을 사용하는 것이 충진반응조 보다 탈지유의 반응속도가 높았다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-104
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• 1981

Hemodialysis is essential treatment for the chronic renal failure patient's long-term cure and for the patient management before and after kidney transplantation. It sustains the endstage renal failure patient's life which didn't get well despite strict regimen and furthermore it becomes an essential treatment to maintain civil life. Bursing implementation in hemodialysis may affect the significant effect on patient's life. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data to solve the hypotension problem encountable to patient and the blood loss problem affecting hemodialysis patient'a anemic states by incomplete rinsing of blood in coil through all process of hemodialysis. The subjects for this study were 44 patients treated hemodialysis 691 times in the hemodialysis unit, The .data was collected at Gang Nam 51. Mary's Hospital from January 1, 1981 to April 30, 1981 by using the direct observation method and the clinical laboratory test for laboratory data and body weight and was analysed by the use of analysis of Chi-square, t-test and anlysis of varience. The results obtained an follows; A. On clinical laboratory data and other data by dialysis Procedure. The average initial body weight was 2.37 ± 0.97kg, and average body weight after every dialysis was 2.33 ± 0.9kg. The subject's average hemoglobin was 7.05±1.93gm/dl and average hematocrit was 20.84± 3.82%. Average initial blood pressure was 174.03±23,75mmHg and after dialysis was 158.45±25.08mmHg. The subject's average blood ion due to blood sample for laboratory data was 32.78±13.49cc/ month. The subject's average blood replacement for blood complementation was 1.31 ±0.88 pint/ month for every patient. B. On the hypotensive state and the coping approaches occurrence rate of hypotension was 28.08%. It was 194 cases among 691 times. 1. In degrees of initial blood pressure, the most 36.6% was in the group of 150-179mmHg, and in degrees of hypotension during dialysis, the most 28.9% in the group of 40-50mmHg, especially if the initial blood pressure was under 180mmHg, 59.8% clinical symptoms appeared in the group of“above 20mmHg of hypotension”. If initial blood pressure was above 180mmHg, 34.2% of clinical symptoms were appeared in the group of“above 40mmHg of hypotension”. These tendencies showed the higher initial blood pressure and the stronger degree of hypotension, these results showed statistically singificant differences. (P=0.0000) 2. Of the occuring times of hypotension,“after 3 hrs”were 29.4%, the longer the dialyzing procedure, the stronger degree of hypotension ann these showed statistically significant differences. (P=0.0142). 3. Of the dispersion of symptoms observed, sweat and flush were 43.3%, and Yawning, and dizziness 37.6%. These were the important symptoms implying hypotension during hemodialysis accordingly. Strages of procedures in coping with hypotension were as follows ; 45.9% were recovered by reducing the blood flow rate from 200cc/min to 1 00cc/min, and by reducing venous pressure to 0-30mmHg. 33.51% were recovered by controling (adjusting) blood flow rate and by infusion of 300cc of 0,9% Normal saline. 4.1% were recovered by infusion of over 300cc of 0.9% normal saline. 3.6% by substituting Nor-epinephiine, 5.7% by substituting blood transfusion, and 7,2% by substituting Albumin were recovered. And the stronger the degree of symptoms observed in hypotention, the more the treatments required for recovery and these showed statistically significant differences (P=0.0000). C. On the effects of the changes of blood pressure and osmolality by albumin and hemofiltration. 1. Changes of blood pressure in the group which didn't required treatment in hypotension and the group required treatment, were averaged 21.5mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference in the latter was bigger than the former and these showed statistically significant difference (P=0.002). On the changes of osmolality, average mean were 12.65mOsm, and 17.57mOsm. So the difference was bigger in the latter than in the former but these not showed statistically significance (P=0.323). 2. Changes of blood pressure in the group infused albumin and in the group didn't required treatment in hypotension, were averaged 30mmHg and 21.5mmHg. So there was no significant differences and it showed no statistical significance (P=0.503). Changes of osmolality were averaged 5.63mOsm and 12.65mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these was no stitistical significance (P=0.287). Changes of blood pressure in the group infused Albumin and in the group required treatment in hypotension were averaged 30mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference was smaller in the former but there is no significant difference (P=0.061). Changes of osmolality were averaged 8.63mOsm, and 17.59mOsm. So the difference were smaller in the former but these not showed statistically significance (P=0.093). 3. Changes of blood pressure in the group iutplemented hemofiltration and in the Uoup didn't required treatment in hypotension were averaged 22mmHg and 21.5mmHg. So there was no significant differences and also these showed no statistical significance (P=0.320). Changes of osmolality were averaged 0.4mOsm and 12.65mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these not showed statistical significance（P=0.199). Changes of blood pressure in the group implemented hemofiltration and in the group required treatment in hypotension were averaged 22mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference was smatter in the former and these showed statistically significant differences (P=0.035). Changes of osmolality were averaged 0.4mOsm and 17.59mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these not showed statistical significance (P=0.086). D. On the changes of body weight, and blood pressure, between the group of hemofiltration and hemodialysis. 1, Changes of body weight in the group implemented hemofiltration and hemodialysis were averaged 3.340 and 3.320. So there was no significant differences and these showed no statistically significant difference, (P=0.185) but standard deviation of body weight averaged in comparison with standard difference of body weight was statistically significant difference (P=0.0000). Change of blood Pressure in the group implemented hemofiltration and hemodialysis were averaged 17.81mmHg and 19.47mmHg. So there was no significant differences and these showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.119), But in comparison with standard deviation about difference of blood pressure was statistically significant difference. (P=0.0000). E. On the blood infusion method in coil after hemodialysis and residual blood losing method in coil. 1, On comparing and analysing Hct of residual blood in coil by factors influencing blood infusion method. Infusion method of saline 200cc reduced residual blood in coil after the quantitative comparison of Saline Occ, 50cc, 100cc, 200cc and the differences showed statistical significance (p < 0.001). Shaking Coil method reduced residual blood in Coil in comparison of Shaking Coil method and Non-Shaking Coil method this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Adjusting pressure in Coil at OmmHg method reduced residual blood in Coil in comparison of adjusting pressure in Coil at OmmHg and 200mmHg, and this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). 2. Comparing blood infusion method divided into 10 methods in Coil with every factor respectively, there was seldom difference in group of choosing Saline 100cc infusion between Coil at OmmHg. The measured quantity of blood loss was averaged 13.49cc. Shaking Coil method in case of choosing saline 50cc infusion while adjusting pressure in coil at OmmHg was the most effective to reduce residual blood. The measured quantity of blood loss was averaged 15.18cc.