• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.883-889
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• 2014

Mufflers have been widely used in the exhaust system to reduce the noise. However, installing muffler may deteriorate the efficiency due to the increase of back pressure. Mufflers usually consist of partition plates and perforated holes in a expansion chamber. In this paper, the influences of the location of the partition and hole on the acoustic TL and back pressure were examined. The acoustic TL was predicted using virtual lab commercial software, while the back pressure were predicted using CFX commercial software. The results were used to set up a database for finding their trends. The optimal muffler model in user-interested frequency range could be selected by analyzing this database.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.482-496
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• 2008

Packet classification in the Internet routers requires multi-dimensional search for multiple header fields for every incoming packet in wire-speed, hence packet classification is one of the most important challenges in router design. Hierarchical packet classification is one of the most effective solutions since search space is remarkably reduced every time a field search is completed. However, hierarchical structures have two intrinsic issues; back-tracking and empty internal nodes. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical packet classification algorithm which solves both problems. The back-tracking is avoided by using the set-pruning and the empty internal nodes are avoided by applying the binary search tree. Simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in search speed without increasing the amount of memory requirement. We also propose an optimization technique applying controlled rule copy in set-pruning.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-143
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• 2002

The concept of "set" in school mathematics has undergone many changes according to the revision of curriculum and the transition of the paradigm in mathematics education. In the discipline-centered curriculum, a set was a representative concept which reflected the spirit of New Math. After the Back to Basics period, the significance of a set concept in school mathematics has been diminished. First, this paper elaborated several controversial aspects of the terms related to set, such as a collection and a set, a subset, and an empty set. In addition, the changes of the significance imposed to a set concept in school mathematics were investigated. Finally, this paper provided two alternative approaches to introduce and explain a set concept which emphasized both mathematical rigor and learner's psychology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.856-865
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effect of wearing a vest with an attached electric fan. Korean men in their 20s were given test "fan vests" equipped with fans on the chest, stomach, upper back, or lower back to wear. Participants wore them in a climate chamber set to replicate a summer environment (30±3℃, 75±1%RH, 0.2 m/sec). Subjective sensations and surface temperatures were measured. The attached fan on the front of the vest lowered the temperature of the vest and the skin surface where the fan was positioned, regardless of whether the wearer engaged in exercise. However, a fan attached to the lower back of the vest was effective in lowering the lower back of the vest as well as the upper back, back of the arm, and back of the neck. In addition, subjective evaluations indicated that a vest with fans attached to the stomach and lower back provided a cool sensation. However, it was confirmed that the design of an auxiliary tool capable of dispersing the weight is necessary since the weight of the fans can interfere with the comfort of wearing the vest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2014

최근 스마트폰이나 태블릿 PC 등의 모바일 디바이스가 상용화 되어감에 따라 그 안에서 핵심적인 처리기능을 담당하는 프로세서의 코어 수가 점차적으로 늘어나고 있다. 많은 수의 코어를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 여러 가지 메커니즘이 구현되어 있으나, 단일 프로세스를 순차적으로 실행하는 경우 여전히 성능에서의 한계가 존재한다. 병렬화 되어 있지 않은 프로세스의 경우, Amdahl's Law[1]에 따르면 순차적으로 실행을 할 수 밖에 없는 부분이 존재하고, 이 부분은 하나의 코어에서만 실행되기 때문에 많은 연산 자원들이 낭비되는 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문은 다중 코어 환경에서 이러한 잉여자원을 효과적으로 사용하기 위해 Back-end Fusion 이라는 구조를 제안하여 프로세서의 성능 향상을 위한 연구를 진행하였다. Back-end Fusion 이란, 연산 처리를 담당하는 back-end 부분(execution unit, writeback 단계 등)을 필요에 따라 코어 간에 동적으로 재구성하여 성능을 향상시키는 메커니즘이다. 이 재구성된 프로세서의 back-end 를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해, 종속성과 로드 밸런스 등을 고려한 인스트럭션 분배 알고리즘을 함께 제안한다. Intel 사의 x86 Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)를 기반으로 한 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 Back-end Fusion 프로세서의 성능을 측정 해 본 결과 기존의 단일 코어 프로세서에 비해 평균 32.2%의 성능 향상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.852-862
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to find how to do the width of skirt and the girth of the waist in the adequate pattern making for the obese women's skirt. Appearance test of the five experimental skirts was evaluated by the four experts in clothing construction. At the same time, 3D clothing air volume was observed for the five types of experimental skirt with different size specifications. The results from the appearance test were as follows; when the width of skirt pattern is set for(the shell girth/2), it was suggested w/4+1(front), w/4(back) for girth of the waist. On one hand, in case of (the shell girth of front)/2+(the shell girth of back)/2, it was suggested(the waist girth of front)/2 and(waist girth of back)/2 for obese women's skirt with the best appearance. As results, it was found that the width of skirt pattern for the obese women should be the greatest shell girth instead of hip girth. In the case of the hip girth, the amount of ease on hip was suggested 6cm. It was found that pattern with the wrinkle of ease was full of the gaps between body and skirt in 3D clothing air volume. In spreading out to 2D flat pattern from 3D scan data, when the width of skirt pattern was set for(the shell girth of front)/2+(the shell girth of back)/2, it was suggested(the waist girth of front/2)+(the waist girth of back/2) than the shell girth/2 in girth of the waist for the best appearance. And the conversion of 3D scan data into 2D flat pattern in curve shape of crosswise had to spread out of the plane in straight line. The obese women's clothing should be manufactured with systematical consideration of the diversity and scarcity of the obese women's body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.613-623
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• 2022

This study developed a functional prototype jacket designed to reduce loads on the upper extremities of workers performing repetitive motions in the same posture for extended periods of time. Dynamic taping lines were applied to the upper extremities, and three dimensional (3D) supporters were inserted in the abdomen and back waist areas corresponding to the core muscles. Clothing pressure on the upper-extremity dynamic taping lines was set to two levels (proto P1 and proto P2), and the 3D supporters were designed in three types (proto FW, proto FW/BW, proto FW/BW/BBX). According to the subjective pressure perceived on each part of the upper extremities, the level proto P1 pressure was preferred. The proto FW/BW/BBX 3D supporter was rated as excellent, and the perceived pressure was ranked as satisfactory. The prototype jacket performed upper-extremity load reduction when the upper-extremity clothing-pressure level was set to 1.8 kPa, 2.1 kPa, and 2.4 kPa on the upper arm, forearm, and wrist regions, respectively, and when 3D supporters were installed in the abdomen and back of the waist with the addition of a back band.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of the diaphragm stretching technique as a treatment method for low back pain by evaluating maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and changes in back mobility in patients with low back pain. Methods: Thirty-four patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted in the experimental group, and the placebo intervention was conducted in the control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted once, maintaining tension for 7 min. The placebo intervention was conducted in the same position as the diaphragm stretching technique, but with only light contact maintained without pressure. Maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility were measured before and after the intervention, and the changes were compared and analyzed. A paired sample t-test was used to compare measurements within the group before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the experimental and control groups. Statistical significance (α) was set at 0.05. Results: In the experimental group, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the changes in all areas of the control (p > 0.05). As a result of comparative analysis of changes before and after the intervention, there were significant differences in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility only in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The diaphragm stretching technique improved maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility compared to the placebo intervention. Therefore, the diaphragm stretching technique can be recommended as a physical therapy intervention to improve pain in patients with LBP.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.534-537
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• 1998

In this paper, a set of novel self-timed latches are introduced and analyzed. These latches have no back-to-back connection as in conventional self-timed latch, and both inverting and noninerting outputs are evaluated simultaneously leading to thigher oepating frequencies. Power consumption of these latches ar ealso comparable to or less than that of conventional circuits. Novel type of cross-coupled inverter used in the proosed circuits implements static operatin without signal fighting with the main driver during signal transition. Proposed latches ar tested using a 0.6.mu.m triple-poly triple-metal n-well CMOS technology. The resutls indicates that proposed active-low sefl-timed latch (ALSTL) improves speed by 14-34% over conventional NAND SR latch, while in active-high self-timed latch (AHSTL) the improvements are 15-35% with less power as compared with corresponding NORA SR latch. These novel latches have been successfully implemented in a high-speed synchronous DRAM (SDRAM).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.685-710
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• 2013

Static torsional provisions employing equivalent lateral force method (ELF) require that the earthquake-induced lateral force at each story be applied at a distance equal to design eccentricity ($e_d$) from a reference resistance centre of the corresponding story. Such code torsional provisions, albeit not explicitly stated, are generally believed to be applicable to the regularly asymmetric buildings. Examined herein is the applicability of such code-torsional provisions to buildings with set-back using rigid as well as flexible diaphragm model. Response of a number of set-back systems computed through ELF with static torsional provisions is compared to that by response spectrum based procedure. Influence of infill wall with a range of opening is also investigated. Results of comprehensive parametric studies suggest that the ELF may, with rational engineering judgment, be used for practical purposes taking some care of the surroundings of the setback for stiff systems in particular.