• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Lycii fructus on the serum lipid in rats fed high fat diet. We compared the effects of L. fructus and L.fructus water extract both adminstered with high fat diets on rats that had previously been on high fat or standard diets. Two separate experiments were conducted for 6 weeks. respectively. In experiment I, 4 groups of rats were fed experimental diets consisting of either \circled1 6 weeks of a standard diet(control), \circled2 6 weeks of a high-fat diet(HHC), \circled3 3 weeks of a high-fat diet followed by 3 weeks of a high-fat diet containing L. fructus(HHL) or \circled4 6 weeks of a high-fat diet with L. fructus extract in place of water for the last 3 weeks (HHT). In the second set of experiments, a high-fat diet (SHC), high-fat diet containing L.fructus(SHL) or high-fat diet with L. fructus extract in place of water (SHT) were fed for 3 weeks after 3 weeks of standard diet feeding. Rats fed L. fructus diet consumed more diets than high-fat diets. THe results of experiment I showed significant decreases(p<0.05) in serum triglyceride(TB) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with L. fructus feedings, but did not show andy changes in total cholesterol (TC) level. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level was increased significantly(p<0.05) with L. fructus feedings. Therefore, the ration of LDL-C to HDL-C(LDL-C/HDL-C) which is used as an atherosclerosis index was significantly (p<0.05) low, while the HDL-c/TC ration was significantly(p<0.05) high with L.fructus intake. However, no significant were found in serum cholesterols and TG levels in experimentII. The results of these experiments indicate that , regardless of the feeding from, L. fructus can be beneficial in lowering serum TG and LDL-C levels for habitual high-fat diet intakers. L.fructus also seems to be effective in elevating serum HDL-C level, theregy having beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by influencing the serum lipoprotein profile.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on anthropometric measurements, including bone mineral density(BMD) in the right carpus, biochemical bone turnover markers, serum levels of lipids and macrominerals, were investigated in 30 smoking male adults who lived in Choongnam were given MPT(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The average ages, number of smoked cigarettes and packyear were 22.38 years, 15.12/day and 3.54 years, respectively. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.10 kcal energy, 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, including dietary intake using the 24-hours recall method, carpal BMD using DEXA, serum levels of protein, albumin and glucose, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) with Al(atherosclerosis index), HTR, CRF, LHBt, some biomarkers of BMD(serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary DPD), and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) and Pb were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After MPT consumption, dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca and plant Ca increased significantly, but there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, BMD with bone metabolism markers, serum levels of protein, albumin or glucose, lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

Changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured in rats administered with lead acetate to investigate the in vivo cytotoxic effects of lead and examine the usefulness of these in vivo cytotoxicity changes as indicators of lead exposure and diagnosis of lead poisoning. Rats were given once intraperitonealy with lead acetate (1.6, 8, 40 and 200 mg/kg b.w) and the changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured at the time of 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of lead acetate. Plasma DNA contents began to increase at 2 hours after the administration of lead acetate in the treatment groups of 8, 40 and 200 mg/kg b.w dose-dependently and significantly compared with control group. These DNA increases of each dosage group were continued until 24, 48 and 72 hours and the maximum levels of DNA (4.02, 10.67 and 14.10 times of control) were arrived at 8, 8 and 4 hours after the each treatment, respectively. Among 10 serum biochemical indicators, the activities of creatine kinase were increased to maximum level (6.55 times of control) at 2 hours after the administration and remained to be significantly higher than that of control by 8 hours in the treatment group of 200 mg, however, after 48 hours, the levels in the treatment groups of 40 mg above were lower than that of control. The values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were higher than that of control from 2 to 24 hours in the treatment group of 200 mg. Maximum levels of these enzymes were 3.34, 3.00 and 3.19 times of control, respectively. Both of alkaline phosphatase and triglyceride values in the treatment groups were decreased compared with control. In the case of alka-line phosphatse, the values were significanly decreased from 24 hours and more severely decreased until 72 hours in the treatment groups of 40 mg above (p<0.01). The minimum value was 0.36 times of control in the 200 mg group. The values of triglyceride were significantly decreased in the tratment groups of 40 mg above (p<0.01), but the values were not different significantly among the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that plasma DNA content and serum biochemical values such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and triglyceride are valuable as biomarkers for exposure assessment and diagnosis of lead poisoning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.526-530
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was investigating serum lipid, apolipoprotein levels and their correlations in healthy adults of Gyeongnam area. The BMI (body mass index) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (25.2 ${\pm}$ 2.7 $kg/m^2$) than female (23.8 ${\pm}$ 1.5 $kg/m^2$), however PBF (percent body fat) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in female (29.6 ${\pm}$ 4.3%) than male (22.7 ${\pm}$ 5.0%). The WHR (waist to hip ratio) and blood pressure in the groups showed there was no significant differences. The levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in male (208.7 ${\pm}$ 27.7 mg/dl, 129.0 ${\pm}$ 26.9 mg/dl, 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L) than female (193.6 ${\pm}$ 29.1 mg/dl, 112.5 ${\pm}$ 29.5 mg/dl, 0.9 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L, but HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in female (54.9 ${\pm}$ 6.6 mg/dl) than male (49.9 ${\pm}$ 7.3 mg/dl). The LDL-C/HDL-C, Apo B/Apo A-I and AI (atherogenic index) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.6, 0.8 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 3.3 ${\pm}$ 0.7) than female (2.1 ${\pm}$ 0.5, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.5). The triglyceride level was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B concentration (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05), however no significant correlation was found with apolipoprotein A-I. According to these results, we conclude that male adults are expecting higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than female adults and we suggest the serum triglyceride should be kept normal level for the prevention of these diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2006

Effects of dietary supplementation of Pleurotus eryngii(PE) to a diet containig the cholesterol on lipid levels in the liver and serum, and enzyme activities of rats were studied by feeding 8-weeks old male rats with the four diets for 4 weeks, respectively: normal diet, control diet (10% fat + 0.5% cholesterol), 3% and 5% PE diets (control diet + 3% and 5% PE dry powder). The body weight gains and food efficiency ratios of the 3% and 5% PE diet groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. The liver and epididymal fat pad weights, and hepatic triglyceride Levels of the 5% PE diet group were more significantly decreased than those of the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly lower in the 3% or 5% PE groups compared to those of the control group. Ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total-cholesterol was significantly higher in the 3% and 5% PE groups compared to that of the control group. The fecal total lipid excretion of the 5% PE diet group was more significantly decreased than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in the hepatic cholesterol, and the serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and the GOT, GPT and ${\gamma}-GTP$ activities among the experimental groups. These results showed that the Pleurotus eryngii powder feeding decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index, and increased the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total-cholesterol in serum of the rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1439-1445
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the inhibition of phyto-extract mixture (PEM) in several digestive enzymes ($\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase and lipase) for anti-obesity. The current study also examined the effects of PEM on adiposity and serum lipid levels in obese mice fed with high fat diet. ICR male mice weighing $33{\pm}1.1\;g$ were randomly divided into three groups, one normal diet group (control, ND group) and two high fat diet groups with or without PEM supplement (HFD group and PEM group). The mice were fed the PEM experimental for 6 weeks and then they were sacrificed. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain, food efficiency ratio and body fat were decreased by the addition of PEM compared to those of HFD group. White adipose tissue weights of epididymal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal areas in the PEM group were reduced to 31.2%, 8.8%, and 37.8%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol in the PEM group were significantly lower than those of HFD group. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of PEM group were significantly lower compared with those of HFD group. From the above results, the PEM may be effective material for anti-obesity through reducing serum triglyceride and body fats as well as decreasing body weight.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.289-296
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship and lipids in healthy adults on self-selected diets. These subjects consisted of 40 female college students residing in Chungnam. Anthropometric measure-ments, diet intake measurements, and blood collection were conducted. Serum concentrations of 5 microminerals(As, Cr, Mn, Se, Ni), lipids(triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), and glucose were measured by an ICP spectrometer and biochemical analyzer. The results were as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.34 years and the mean weight, height, and BMI were 52.89kg, 161.29cm and 20.34, respectively. The mean serum concentrations appeared to be 14.60ug/dl(As), 1.87ug/dl(Cr), 0.18ug/dl(Mn), 23.50ug/dl(Se), 0.21ug/dl(Ni), 60.73mg/dl(triglyceride), 138.49mg/dl(total cholesterol), 65.95mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 60.39mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol) and 88.82mg/dl(glucose). When analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the serum concentration of Cr was negatively correlated with Ca and vitamin B12 intake(p〈0.05, p〈0.05) respectively, Mn was negatively correlated with Na intake(p〈0.05), Ni, however, was positively correlated with K intake(p〈0.05). The serum concentration of Se was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol(p〈0.05), Ni, however, negatively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose, respectively(p〈0.001, p〈0.01, p〈0.05). Further studies are needed to clarify the precise micromineral intakes, nutritional assessment of microminerals, and cause-effect relation of microminerals and serum lipids.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.567-574
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• 2011

In this work, the major flavonoid content of citrus peel ethanol extract and the changes in the serum lipid and body fat of high-fat-diet-fed rats were examined. The subjects were divided into four groups: the normal, control, O1 (0.1% citrus peel ethanol extract), and O5 (0.5% citrus peel ethanol extract) groups. The experimental groups (O1 and O5) were fed a high-fat diet mixed with 0.1 and 0.5% citrus peel ethanol extract, respectively, for 10 weeks. The results of the analysis showed that the main ingredients of the flavonoid in the citrus peel ethanol extract (60 brix) were $38.21{\pm}1.37$ mg/g hesperidin and $15.02{\pm}0.48$ mg/g narirutin. With regard to the changes in the serum total-cholesterol level, compared with the control group's $79.1{\pm}4.6$ mg/dL, the serum total-cholesterol levels of the O1 and O5 groups were significantly lowered to $64.6{\pm}5.4$ and $59.5{\pm}4.7$ mg/dL, respectively. As for the changes in the LDL-cholesterol level, compared with the control group's $18.4{\pm}3.7$ mg/dL, the LDL-cholesterol levels of the O1 and O5 groups were significantly lowered to $13.0{\pm}3.6$ and $13.0{\pm}1.9$ mg/dL, respectively. For the changes in the serum triglyceride level, compared with the control group's $74.5{\pm}13.2$ mg/dL, the serum triglyceride level of the O5 group was significantly lowered to $48.6{\pm}11.2$ mg/dL. Finally, with regard to the changes in body fat, compared with the control group, the 05 group showed a significant decrease. In conclusion, it was observed that citrus peel ethanol extract was effective in lowering the total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of high-fat-diet-fed rats.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of individual fatty acid intake and to compare serum lipid levels and total serum fatty acid composition of high school students in Seoul (total : 234 ; male : 91 ; female : 143) In serum lipid levels, total cholesterol (Chol.), HDL-Chol. and LDL-Chol. levels of female students were significantly higher than those of male students and there was no significant difference between High Fish ＆ Low Meat intake (HFLM) and Low Fish ＆ High Meat intake (LFHM) groups. The average fat intake was 22-25 energy % of total subjects and especially, that of LFHM group was 29%, which were over the recommendation level. Although the average P/M/S ratio of dietary fat was 1.1/1.2/1.0, the average range of $\omega6/\omega3$ fatty acid ratio of dietary fat was found to be 17.9-20.7, which was far beyond the suggested range, 4-10. The average intake of cholesterol of total subjects was 360mg. LFHM group had more meats and beverages such as carbonated drinks and tended to have less beans, vegetables and mushrooms. In addition, LFHM group had more energy and fat intake than those of HFLM group, the P/S ratio of dietary fat (0.73) was lower than the recommended ratio. Serum C16 : 0 composition of LFHM group was significantly higher than that of HFLM group, and EPA and DHA composition of HFLM was significantly lower than that of LFHM. Therefore, in HFLM group, the P/S ratio of serum fatty acids was significantly higher and the $\omega6/\omega3$ ratio was lower. Dietary C18 : 0 was negatively correlated with serum EPA and DHA composition. Individual PUFA intake was negatively correlated with serum C16 : 0 and sum of SFA, and positively correlated with serum C18 : $2\omega6(LA)\;,\;sum\;o;\omega6$ and sum of PUFA. Serum C18 : 1, C18 : $3\omega3\; and\; C20\;:\;4\omega6$ (AA) compositions were not correlated with dietary fatty acid. Only serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly correlated with serum fatty acid compositions. Sum of SFA, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, sum of MUFA and C18 : 1 compositions were positively correlated with serum TG levels, but LA, AA, sum of PUFA and P/S ratio were negatively correlated with it.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 1997

Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed experimental diet, and also were orally daministerred with 3.0% ultra low viscosity (ULV) sodium alginate-added functional drink(AL-3.0% group : HAEJOMIN), 5.0% polyedxtrose(PD)-added drink(PD-5.0group) and 2.5% polydextrose-added drink(PD-2.5 group) for 8 weeks. Effect of rhese dietary fiber-added functional drinks on body weight, feed and gross efficincies, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, LDL- cholesterol levels, hydroxyl radical and malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of SD rats were evaluated. Administration of AL-3.0 drink and PD-5.0 drink resulted in a marked inhibition in increase of body weight compared with control and PD-2.5 groups for 8 weeks. Inhibition effect in body weight in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink )AL-3.0 froup_ showed a same trend in 5.0% polydextrose(PD)-added drink (PD-5.0 group)(p<0.001). Therefore, it is found that inhibition effects of obesity in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink were higher 2 times than that in same concentration of polydextrose(PD)-added drink. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 25$\sim$30% compared with control group(p<0.01$\sim$0.001), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. LDL-cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 group significantly decreased about 15% compared with PD-5.0 group, but atherogenic index in AL-3, 0 group showed a similar trend to that in PD-5.0 group. Hydroxyl radical formations and lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in AL-3, 0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 15% and 20%, respectively, compared with control group(p, 0.05$\sim$0.01), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. Superoxide, dismutase(SOD) activity in AL-3.0 group significantly higher (about 255) than those in control and PD-5.0 groups(p<0.01). These results suggest that administration of ULV-sodium alginate-added functional drink(HAEJOMIIN) effectively can not only inhibit obesity, but also can intervent chronic degenerative disease and aging process.