• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.253-256
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• 1989

In order to study the mechanism of the parts of omiza (Schizandra chinensis baillon) on metabolism in normal rats, the metabolites and enzyme activities both in serum and liver were determined. The rats were treated with water extract of the parts of omiza and the results showed a significant decrease of GOT, Glucose (excepted for water extract of fruits), Urea nitrogen, and increase of LDH in serum. Free fatty acid level tended to decrease in serum of rats treated with water extracts of fruits and endocarps and increase in seeds extract treated group. Serum GPT level was unchanged. The level of hapatic metabolites and enzyme activity showed a significant increase, but Pyruvate level was not significantly decreased.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the free fatty acid, lipid peroxide, creatinine and enzyme (creatine phosphokinase; CPK, lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, alkaline phosphatase; ALP, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT) activities in the sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and CPK, LDH, ALP activities in sera were fairly reduced in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). However, no significance was found in the effect of an creatinine concentration among the groups. The LCAT activity in serum was increased in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). From these results, Cordyceps militaris extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological effects of seaweed supplementation on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomized into either a control group or a seaweed supplementation group. Pills with equal parts of dry powdered sea tangle and sea mustard were provided to the seaweed supplementation group three times a day for 4 weeks. Total daily consumption of seaweed was 48 g. We found that total dietary fiber intake was 2.5 times higher in subjects receiving seaweed supplementation than in the control group. Accordingly, fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.01) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose measurements (p<0.05) were decreased significantly in those ingesting seaweed. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of triglycerides were decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased significantly in seaweed supplement group (p<0.05). However, the concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not affected by seaweed supplementation. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocytes was significantly lower with seaweed supplementation compared to controls (p<0.05). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities with seaweed supplementation were higher than the controls (p<0.05), but superoxide dismutase activity was not affected. We, therefore, conclude that ingestion of seaweed influences glycemic control, lowers blood lipids, and increases antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in hyperlipidemic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 7 weeks were fed the control diet (CD,5% corn oil) and the high fat diet (HFD,15% beef tallow +1% cholesterol) for 4 weeks and then 0.02% $\beta$-carotene was supplemented to CD and HFD group for 8 more weeks. Serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxides and antioxidative enzymes in liver were analyzed at 4, 8 and 12week of the experiment. Serum levels of total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol were higher in HFD groups than in CD groups (p < 0.001), Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol were higher in CD groups than in HFD groups (p < 0.01) . The effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation was not significant in all groups but tended to be lower in total lipid, total cholesterol and Triglyceride. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver were showed significantly higher in HFD groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The effects of $\beta$-carotene supplementation on the level of plasma and liver TBARS were not found except HFD groups at 12 week. Liver conjugated diene levels in HFD groups were higher than in CD groups (p < 0.01), but the effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not show any differences. Liver lipofuscin levels were not significantly different among all groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were significantly lower in HFD groups at 8 week (p < 0.001) but were not significantly different at 4 and 12week. The activity of SOD in $\beta$-carotene supplemented HFD group was significantly higher at 8 week (p < 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly lower in HFD groups (p < 0.01) and was significantly increased in groups supplemented $\beta$-carotene (p < 0.05). It is suggested that $\beta$-carotene supplementation partly decreases the serum lipid and lipid peroxide levels and increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.880-888
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• 2010

The ameliorative effect of salts and ascorbic acid polyphosphate supplementation on heat stress was studied in buffaloes. Adult buffaloes of either sex were randomly divided into 2 groups of 4 animals each. Group I served as control and Group II was supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and ascorbic acid polyphosphate. All the animals were exposed to two conditions of temperature and humidity: hot-dry and hot-humid in a psychrometric chamber for 4 h daily for 10 days. Blood was collected on day 1, 5 and 10 of treatment. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), concentrations of serum glutathione (GSH), cortisol, sodium, potassium, and chloride and lipid peroxidation were estimated in serum. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed in blood. The activities of catalase and SOD, serum concentration of GSH, sodium, potassium and chloride decreased while lipid peroxidation and serum cortisol increased in both groups when subjected to heat stress. Dietary supplementation resulted in further decreasing of the enzyme activities but increasing of the serum concentrations of GSH, sodium, potassium and chloride. Lipid peroxidation and serum cortisol increased in the supplemented group in both types of stress. Dietary supplementation caused an increase in lymphoproliferative response to con A. Thus, supplementation of ascorbate in addition to electrolytes relieves the animals of oxidative stress and boosts cell mediated immunity.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2003

To evaluate the effect of cyclohexane(CH) treatment on the serum levels of glutathion S-transferase(GST) activity in liver damaged animals, damaged liver was induced with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil (0.1 m1/100g body weight) intraperitoneally 17 times every other day. To $CCl_4$-treated rats, CH (1.56 g/kg body weight, i.p) was injected once and then the animals were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of CH. The $CCl_4$-treated animals were identified as severe liver damage on the basis of liver functional findings, 1,e, increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphate(ALP) and xanthine oxidase(XO) activities. On the other hand, $CCl_4$-treated animals injected with CH once($CCl_4$-pretreated animals) showed more decreased serum levels of ALT and XO, and more increased those of ALP rather than $CCl_4$-treated animals. In case of comparing the GST with ALT activity in liver, both $CCl_4$-treated and pretreated animals showed similar changing pattern of enzyme actvity. Especially $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed significantly increased serum level of GST actvity compared with the $CCl_4$-treated those, whereas those of ALT showed reversed tendency. In aspects of GST enzyme kinetics, $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed higher Vmax of liver GST enzyme than $CCl_4$-treated animals. In conclusion, injection of CH to the liver damaged rats led to enhanced liver damage and more increased activity of serum GST which may be chiefly caused by the enzyme induction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1588-1594
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• 2012

An 8-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein isolate (SPI) on the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). SPI was used to replace 0, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100% of dietary FM and 100% replacement supplemented crystalline amino acid. Healthy sturgeon with an average initial weight of $26.38{\pm}0.24$ g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria (8 treatments with triplicates each) at an initial stocking density of 11 fish per aquarium and cultured for 8 wks. The results showed that 75.00% or more substitution resulted in a poor weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between diets of 25.00% to 62.50% substitution. Protease, lipase and amylase activity in foregut, mid-gut and hindgut were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by diets where SPI replacement levels were 62.50% or more. Levels of serum total protein (TP) and globulin decreased significantly from 21.03, 10.34 to 14.05, 5.63 g/L with the increasing dietary SPI (p<0.05), but alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, supplemental crystalline amino acid in the FM absence diet did not improve growth performance, intestine digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the results from this study showed adverse effects of inclusion of SPI in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile Amur sturgeon. Based on WGR and replacement ratio presented in this report, a 57.64% replacement level was recommended.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2005

본 연구는 고콜레스테롤을 급여한 흰쥐 에 키토산 올리고당의 첨가 수준을 달리한 식이가 흰쥐의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 체중이 174.7$\pm$6.3 g인 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐에게 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유발시키기 위하여 콜레스테롤을 식 이 무게의 0.5%를 급여하고 키토산 올리고당을 식이 무게의 1.0%와 2.0%로 하여 총 3군으로 나누어 4주간 사육하였다. 식이섭취량과 체중증가량은 식이에 의한 영향이 없었다. 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 대조군에 비해 2.0% 키 토산 올리고당을 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 그 농도가 크게 감소하였으며 HDL-콜레스테롤/총콜레스테롤 비는 키토산 올리고당 첨가에 의해 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 간 조직 중 TBARS 함량은 키토산 올리고당을 첨가하였을 경우 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 SOD와 catalase의 활성은 키토산 올리고당을 첨가한 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 키토산 올리고당은 체내 지방대사에 있어 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 TBARS 함량을 낮추고 HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤 비는 높이는 효과를 나타냈으며, 또한 생체내 고콜레스테롤에 의한 산화적 스트레스로부터 간을 보호하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 1988

The effect of hepatic injury produced by CCL, was studied on rats receiving a low protein-high carbohydrate (7% casein), standard protein (20% casein) and a high protein diet (30% casein). The rats fed low protein diet are resistant to CCl$_4$ in its effects on the liver as judged by histology, serum enzymes(guanase, ALT) and the content of hepatic protein. On the other hand, the pretreatment of hydrocortisone before injection of CCl$_4$ to the rats fed a standard diet, slightly decreased both serum ALT and guanase activities. In the pretreatment of actinomycin D, the liver and serum guanase activities were significantly decreased. It indicates that the cause of increasing serum guanase is based on the alteration of membrane permeability and the result of accelerated enzyme synthesis in liver cells of CCl$_4$ intoxicated rats.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2007

Swiss Albino (Rat rattus norvegicus) rats were intraperitoneally injected with a 100 mg $kg^{-1}$ dosage of benzene, a toxic and carcinogenic agent widely used for industrial purposes. Changes in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the liver, kidney and serum of rats were investigated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 h following injection. Serum physiological was administered to each control group. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Our purpose was to further investigations of some diseases caused by benzene, and present evidence of variations in the activity of ADA enzyme effected by benzene. While benzene caused significant inhibitions in ADA activity in the liver at 16 and 32 h and at 0.05 probability level, no significant inhibition or activation occurred at other test periods (hours). ADA activity did not present any significant variation in the kidneys. It was observed that ADA activity displayed similar patterns in the control groups. Comparisons of ADA activities in the two groups showed a statistically significant decrease between $4^{th}$ and $64^{th}$ hours (p< 0.05), demonstrating a direct correlation between benzene and its effects on ADA enzymes.