• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the effects of GONGCHENGWHAN(GCW) on the blood and brain tissues of aged rats. For the experiment, the aged rats were divided into three groups : Non treated group (NC), distilled water feeding group(PC), GCW feeding group(GCW).Each group was treated as the procedure for ten days before administration of scopolamine. After this treating, we injected scopolamine to Pc and GCW group their blood cell(WBc, RBC, platelet), blood serum (BUN, creatinine, glucose, uric acid), erythrocyte hemolysis, and the activities of cholinesterase as well as measured the amounts malondialdehysde in the blood serum, catalase, and SOD in the brain tissue.The main results of this investigation are as follows.1. In respect of the number of WBC, GCW group exhibited the administrated incerase in comparison with PC. In respect of the number of RBC· and platelet, however, the changes was not administrated.2. In respect of the number of BUN, creatinine, glucose and uric and the blood, GCW group exhibited the administrated decrease in comparison with PC.3. In respect of erythrocyte hemolysis, GCW group exhibited the administrated repression in comparison with PC.4. In respect of the activity of cholinestease in the blood serum, GCW group exhibited the administrated improvement in comparison with PC.5. In respect of the amounts of malondialdehyde in the blood serum, GCW group exhibited the administrated dexrease in comparison with PC.6. In respect of the activity of catalase in brain tissue, GCW group didn't exhibit the administrated change in comparison with PC7. In respect of the activity of SOD in brain tissue, GCW group exhibited the administrated improvement in comparison with PC.Results of this study indicates that GCW improves the activities of cholinesterase and SOD, but represses the formation of the free radical and the accumulation of the antioxidant materials such as MDA. It implies that GCW has some effects on antiaging.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2007

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and ${\alpha}$- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1291-1296
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• 2003

Effects of feeding of 9.95 mg free gossypol/kg live weight through cottonseed meal (CSM) were studied in 20 intact male calves fed barley or sorghum as source of cereal during the experimental duration of 210 days. Serum concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin and their ratio did not vary because of protein (gossypol) or cereal sources. Serum level of cholesterol and urea were lower (p<0.05) in sorghum than barley fed calves. Feeding of gossypol through CSM enhanced (p<0.05) serum cholesterol. An interaction between protein and period was observed with respect to serum concentrations of urea, creatinine and alanine transferase. The levels of serum creatinine and alanine transferase increased (p<0.05) following 120 days of experimental feeding in calves fed CSM diets compared to the control animals fed groundnut meal diets. No effect of feeding gossypol was, however, evident on the serum enzymes viz. alanine and aspartate transferases and alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, the source of cereal and protein did not appear to influence the metabolic profile of the calves. Humoral immune response, measured through antibody titre against Brucella abortus S99 innoculation, revealed a delayed and depressed seroreactivity indicative of immunocompromisation because of the phytotoxin gossypol. In conclusion, the feeding of gossypol at the designated levels, although had no deleterious clinico-biochemical manifestations, affected the humoral immune response of the calves.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.791-797
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• 2006

Objectives : The objective of the study was to observe the effects of different treatment lengths of Rhizoma Alismatis on diabetes mellitus. Methods : Rats were divided into three groups: normal(non-treated group), control (group administered saline for 4, 11, and 18 days), and RA (group administered 2.45mg/200g Rhizoma Alismatis for 4, 11, and 18 days). The experimental results were derived from the measurement of the levels of glucose, ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine and BUN in the serum from the rats on days 4, 11, and 18. Results : The glucose level in the serum significantly decreased on the 18th day. The ALP level in the serum did not show statistical significance. The GOT and GPT levels in the serum slightly decreased on the 4th, 11th, and 18th days, but did not show statistical significance. The creatinine level in the serum was unchanged for all of them. The BUN level in the serum did not show statistical significance. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is concluded that Rhizoma Alismatis has a therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus with a longer period ofintake. As to influence upon the liver and kidney, there was no damage orside effects.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2020

Purpose: The association of the initial serum ammonia level with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning was studied. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 2012 and August 2019 in the emergency department after glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning. Survivors and non-survivors were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for mortality. Results: One hundred and six patients were enrolled; 11 died, yielding a mortality of 10.4%. The serum bicarbonate level was significantly lower in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, SOFA score, and APACHE II score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, and creatinine level were independent risk factors for mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The initial serum ammonia level is associated with mortality in patients with acute glufosinate herbicide poisoning.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 1985

This study is designed to evaluate serum free unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipid, creatinine and prostaglandin concentrations to provide normal values for physiological barometers and preliminary information related to these chemical components on the stages of pregnancy and parturition in female rats. Forty female rats are devided into 8 groups. One control group contains 5 intact, nonpregnant female rats and the other 5 pregnancy groups contains each of 5 pregnant rats which are 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21days after pregnancy. The remaining 2 parturition groups contain each of 5 postparturient rats which are 12 and 36 hours after parturition. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. The mean concentrations of free unsaturated fatty acid in serum of the female rats ranges from 6.47 to 8.22 mg/dl. The level of pregnancy group that is 21 days being lower. 2. The mean concentrations of phospholipid in serum of the female rats ranges from 86 to 105 mg/dl. There is no marked difference between all of these groups, especially the levels of 12 days after pregnancy group and 36 hours after parturition group are lower than those of other groups. 3. The mean concentrations of crecatinine in serum of the female rats ranges from 0.64 to 0.84 mg/dl. There is no marked difference between all of 8 groups and the levels of 21 days after pregnancy group are higher than those of other groups. 4. The mean concentrations of prostaglandin in blood of the female rats rarges from 324 to $1208pg/m{\ell}$ and increases from $736pg/m{\ell}$ (18 days after pregnancy) to maximal levels of $1208pg/m{\ell}$ immediately after parturition. and then decreased progressively. Especially, each mean concentration of prostaglandin on 9, 12, or 15 days after pregnancy and mean concentrations of 5 pregnant groups are lower than those of nonpregnant female rats. 5. It is suggested that serum concentrations of free unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipid and creatinine in female rats are not related to the stages of pregnancy and parturition but prostaglandin concentrations influence the initiation of parturition in this species.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2020

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most significant postoperative complications of pediatric cardiac surgery. Because serum creatinine has limitations as a diagnostic marker of AKI, new biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) are being evaluated to overcome these limitations and detect AKI at an early stage after cardiac surgery. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers in young children. Methods: Thirty patients with congenital heart diseases who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were selected, and their urine and blood samples were collected at baseline and 6, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 levels in urine samples were measured, and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results: Of the 30 patients, 12 developed AKI within 48 hours after cardiac surgery. In the AKI group, 8 of 12 (66.6%) met AKI criteria after 24 hours, and urine KIM-1/creatinine (Cr) level (with adjustment of urine creatinine) peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level. Additionally, urine KIM-1/Cr level in the AKI group was significantly higher than in the non-AKI group at 6 hours. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery. Conclusion: It is suggested that urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery using CPB in young children with congenital heart diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 1973

Some effect on the protein metabolism in growing albino rats by feeding on the rice mixed with wheat or barley have been studied. The species of wheat and barley used in this experiment were either 80% polished or nonpolished wheat, barley and naked barley. The growing rats to be examined were fed on 30% wheat or barley mixed with rice diets for 8 weeks. The total nitrogen, creatinine, amino acid nitrogen and urea-nitrogen contents in the liver and the creatinine and urea-nitrogen contents in the urine have been measured. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The total nitrogen contents in the liver and the serum were no remarkable difference by feeding on each mixed diet, compared with the rice diet group. 2. The creatinine contents in the liver of the unpolished wheat and barley mixed diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diets. 3. The amino acid nitrogen contents in the liver of the polished naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the other mixed diets than the rice diet. 4. The urea-nitrogen contents in the serum of the polished wheat and naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the rice diet group, but these were significantly lower by feeding on the polished barley mixed with rice diets than the others. 5. The creatinine and the urea-nitrogen contents in the urine of the original wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups. In the view of the above results, it could be seen that the protein metabolism was remarkable change according to polish of the wheat and barley.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.614-618
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• 2005

Purpose : Cystatin C has been proposed for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate, being more accurate than creatinine determination. We measured serum cystatin C concentrations in the pediatric population, and analysed the correlation between cystatin C and glomerular filtration rate. Methods : Cystatin C and creatinine were measured by the particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay and Jaffé method, respectively, in 276 children and adolescents without evidence of kidney disease. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by Schwartz's formula. Results : The mean serum cystatin C concentration was significantly higher in infants under the age of 12 months than in older population. There was a negative correlation between cystatin C and age under 12 months, but not a significant change of cystatin C with age in children older than 12 months. For children older than 12 months, the reference range of cystatin C was 0.46-1.05 mg/L. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between creatinine and age in the whole population. We also observed a positive correlation between estimated glomerular filtration rate and 1/cystatin C. Conclusion : The measurement of cystatin C is more practical than creatinine for estimating glomerular filtration rate in the pediatric population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.212-222
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• 1982

The effect of changing dietary protein sources (meat vs. textured soy protein, TSP) on serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and on urinary creatinine and 3-methylhistidine(3-MeHis) excretion was studied in eight healthy women. All subjects were put on the control diet, meat diet, and TSP diet for 3 days in each diet regimen and had 4-day adaptation period between the regimens. The 24-hour urine was collected on the third day of each diet period and fasting blood was sampled on the morning of the fourth day. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased significantly after the meat diet when compared with the control diet, but decreased significantly after the TSP diet. Urinary excretion of creatinine and 3-methylhistidine decreased significantly after the TSP diet when compared with the meat diet.