• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2020

Johne's disease (JD) caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a chronic, wasting infectious disease in ruminants that causes enormous economic losses to the dairy and beef cattle industries. The most effective way to eradicate JD is to detect infected individuals as early as possible and remove them from the herd. However, it is difficult to detect infected individuals early with the currently using diagnostic methods. Two serological diagnostic kits commercially used worldwide and a fecal detection test were compared using 298 serum samples and feces of cattle in this study to present an efficient diagnostic method. Although there was a high correlation between the 2 serological diagnostic kits (R² = 0.7473), kit A showed a higher serological positive rate. However, the correlation between fecal tests and serological diagnosis was very low. MAP was also detected in fecal tests in many serologically negative individuals. In the periodical diagnosis of JD, MAP was detected in the feces of only cows with the higher antibody titer to MAP. These results suggest that for effective eradication of JD, early detection of infected individuals by fecal tests together with the serological tests currently in use and by removal of infected individuals are needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1997

The present study was conducted to investigate the general epidemiological situations with 18-pullorum infected chickens from Kyongbuk provinces during the period from June 1995 to January 1996. On the Salmonella pullorum isolation tests by rectal swab culture method from infected chickens (386-samples), any Salmonella spp was not isolated from infected live-birds. But 2-S pullorum were isolated of 2-dead chickens(33.3% ) from 6-dead chickens which were positively reacted by serological tests. On the other hand, we could not isolated any Salmonella spp. in any parts of egg-contents ; egg-shell, egg-white and egg-yolks with 25-infected bird eggs. On the tests of antibiogram, 2-S pullorum strains were highly sensitive to GM, AM, SXT, CZ, K, FIM, ENR, C, AN, N, NN, LIN＋SP, CF, TE and PB, respectively and intermediate sensitive to the CB, CFP, CL, S, P and XNL. But 2-strains were resistant to CC, DP, E, L, OX, TLA and TyLO. In the serological tests, pullorum antibody titers of 18-infected birds was from 2.76 to 9.18 with average by the microplate test. During the 6-months, pullorum antibody average titers were not changed generally. To validate the effects of the antimicrobial agent treatments to the serological antibody titers, infected 6-chickens was medicated with 0.5%-futazolidone. The titer of premeditated birds was average 4.26 but after medication with furazolidone, the titers of treated 6-birds was average 4.08.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 1985

Radial immunodiffusion, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and Boyden procedure have been employed as quantitative analysis of pollen proteins in a systematic investigation of selected amentiferous plant taxa. Data presented here are continued and supplementary to the previous qualitative analysis of immunoprecipitin systems for the same purpose. Although the number of taxa tested has been limited, the serological evidence indicates that the Betulaceae has the greatest similarity to the Fagaceae, next to the Juglandaceae, the least to the Salicaceae, when antisera against Alnus hirsuta and Betula platyphylla var. japonica were used for tests. Within the Betulaceae Alnus and Betula show greatly similar affinities together, but less similar to the rest of genera: Carpinus, Carya and Corylus. When antisera against Quercus aliena, Q. dentata, and Q. glauca were used for tests, the following decreasing order to serological affinities was obtained: Quercus Alnus, Betula Carpinus, Carya, Corylus Juglans, Pterocarya Populus. Overall serological data come closer to supportint the classification systems of Cronquist, Takhtajan, and Hutchinson; but less of Thorne and Bessey. In addition this investigation indicated that pollen, with its high protein content, provided an excellent source of extractable antigens for serosystematic researches.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 1985

The agar gel precipitation(AGP), indirect hemagglutination(IHA) and indirect enzyme immunoassay(IEIA) tests were used to detect antibodies in pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus cellulosae in Jeju. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Sera collected from pigs naturally infected with Cysticcrcus cellulosae did not react in AGP test. 2. In the IHA test for swine cysticercosis, the peak titers observed were between 1:20 and 1:160 and non-specific reaction was recognized with a few samples among control sera. 3. In the IEIA test, optical density(OD) values were obtained the best results under the condition of OPD-substrats are reacted at room temperature for 5minutes. The OD values of greater than 0.2 were determined as positive and the high titers in positive sera ranged from 1:40 to 1:1,080. 4. Antibodies to swine cysticercosis were detected by IHA and IEIA tests but the latter was more sensitive and specific than the former. 5. In the preparation of Cystisercus antigens, saline extract which was prepared the precipitate of internal membrane treated ultrasonicator were better results than other antigens for serological tests. 6. Amounts of protein in antigens was not related in direct proportion to results of serological reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 1999

This survey was conducted for the serological confirmation on large outbreak of bovine brucellosis in two dairy farms. Serological tests were performed by the plate agglutination test, tube agglutination test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), complement fixation, ,test(CFT) and rose bengal plate test(RBPT). Total 200 heads(134 heads in farm A and 66 heads in farm B) were tested. The primigravida and positive group have been raised separately in the farm A and both group have been raised together in the farm B.. The result were summarized as follows ; 1. Positive ratios in positive herds of farms by the tube agglutination test were 68.3% in farm A and 53.2% in farm B. 2. Seroconversion to brucella was observed in the primigravidas group in farm B, but was not observed in the primigravidas group in farm A. 3. All calves born in positive herd were serologically negative at time of test. 4. Positive ratio of ELISA in farm A was higher than that of tube agglutination test. 5. Number of positive reactors by the CFT, RBPT in farm A were equal to those of tube agglutination test.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.565-572
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• 2021

Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infections are typically diagnosed by serological tests. However, serological diagnosis of RH strain-induced toxoplasmosis remains unknown. In order to develop seradiagnosis of above 2 kinds of infections, we generated recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying the T. gondii rhoptry protein 4 (ROP4) and evaluated their potential in T. gondii ME49 or RH strain infection diagnostics. Mice were orally infected with either the tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH) or cysts of T. gondii (ME49) at various dosages, and sera were collected at regular intervals. ELISA-based serological tests were performed to assess IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses against ROP4 VLP antigen and tissue lysate antigen (TLA). Compared to TLA, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels to ROP4 VLP antigen were significantly higher in the sera of T. gondii RH-infected mice 1 and 2 week post-infection (PI). T. gondii-specific IgG antibody was detected at 1, 2, 4, and 8 week PI in the T. gondii ME49-infected mice with infection dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the ROP4 VLP antigen was highly sensitive antigens detecting T. gondii RH and ME49 antibodies at an early stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 1984

Two PVY strains (PVY-VB and PVY-VN) isolated from tobacco in Korea were compared for their serological relationship with other 8 strains which were obtained from tobacco or potato in different countries. One of these strains, PVY-Argentina showed the spur reaction to PVY-VB and PVY-VN antisera in SDS-agar gel double diffusion plates. The two Korean PVY strains were closely related to other strains except for one, PVY-Argentina when antigen-antibody reciprocal absorption tests were conducted. It is suggested that the strain, PVY-Argentina, is a new serotype containing a specific antigenic site different from other 9 strains tested.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2022

Due to the highly contagious nature and severity of the respiratory diseases caused by COVID-19, economical and accurate tests are required to better monitor and prevent the spread of this contagion. As the structural and molecular properties of SARS-CoV-2 were being revealed during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, many manufacturers of COVID-19 diagnostic kits actively invested in the design, development, validation, verification, and implementation of diagnostic tests. Currently, diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 are the most widely used and validated techniques for rapid antigen, and immuno-serological assays for specific IgG and IgM antibody tests and molecular diagnostic tests. Molecular diagnostic assays are the gold standard for direct detection of viral RNA in individuals suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Antibody-based serological tests are indirect tests applied to determine COVID-19 prevalence in the community and identify individuals who have obtained immunity. In the future, it is necessary to explore technical problems encountered in the early stages of global or regional outbreaks of pandemics and provide future directions for better diagnostic tests. This article evaluates the commercially available and FDA-approved molecular and immunological diagnostic assays and analyzes their performance characteristics.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.201-207
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• 2018

Blood is a commonly found body fluid at crime scenes, and plays an important role in identifying suspects and in the reconstruction of crime scenes. Although serological detection of blood has been widely used in the field of forensic science, research on the detection of old bloodstains is scarce. This work aimed to compare various methods for the detection of old bloodstains and validate the reliability of their results. Four presumptive tests-Tetramethylbenzidine, $Bluestar^{(R)}$, Leucomalachite Green, Kastle-Meyer tests-and two confirmatory tests-Fecal Occult Blood (FOB) and Rapid Stain $Identification^{(TM)}-Blood$ ($RSID^{TM}-Blood$) tests-were compared. Bloodstain samples from post-mortem cases were collected on gauzes and then stored at room temperature for periods from 7 to 30 years. All the presumptive tests were positive, even for the 30-year-old sample. However, FOB and $RSID^{TM}-Blood$ provided false negative results for some samples stored for 17 years or more (1988 to 2001). The results indicate that FOB and $RSID^{TM}-Blood$ are not reliable for the detection of old bloodstains. These findings can be useful in the selection of an appropriate detection method for serological testing of old bloodstains. In addition, the information will be useful background knowledge when applied in the field of forensic practice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.29.1-29.7
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• 2022

Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is the most effective means of controlling the disease, and these vaccines are commercialized only after their safety and effectiveness have been verified through tests that comply with Korean Standards of National Lot Release for Veterinary Biologics. This study investigated whether a relatively convenient and safe serological test can be used in place of the challenge test using highly virulent ND virus. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were considered positive of log₂ 2 or more and cutoff value of 200 or more, respectively, in both live and inactivated vaccines. However, when the antibody levels of the live and inactivated vaccines induced using the Ulster 2C, KBNP-C4152R2L, and K148/08 strains were compared, the antibody titers for inactivated vaccines were significantly higher than those for live vaccines in both the HI assay and ELISA. A strong positive correlation was observed between HI and ELISA antibody titers. The live vaccines corresponded to a survival rates of ≥ 80% and the inactivated vaccines corresponded to 100% survival rates. This study confirmed that standard efficacy tests can serve as serological tests, and can replace the challenge test and that the vaccine approval process can be improved.