• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.711-730
• /
• 2014

In this paper the system dynamic influences in actuators with variable stiffness as contemporary used in robotics for safety and efficiency reasons are investigated. Therefore, different configurations of serial and parallel elasticities are modeled by dynamic equations and linearized transfer functions. The latter ones are used to identify the characteristic behavior of the different systems and to study the effect of the different elasticities. As such actuation concepts are often used to reach energy-efficient operation, a power consumption analysis of the configurations is performed. From the comparison of this with the system dynamics, strategies to select and control stiffness are derived. Those are based on matching the natural frequencies or antiresonance modes of the actuation system to the frequency of the trajectory. Results show that exclusive serial and parallel elasticity can minimize power consumption when tuning the system to the natural frequencies. Antiresonance modes are an additional possibility for stiffness control in the series elastic setup. Configurations combining both types of elasticities do not provide further advantages regarding power reduction but an input parallel elasticity might enable for more versatile stiffness selection. Yet, design and control effort increase in such solutions. Topologies incorporating output parallel elasticity showed not to be beneficial in the chosen example but might do so in specific applications.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.870-879
• /
• 2011

Regulated peak power tracking (RPPT) systems such as the series structure and the series-parallel structures are commonly used in satellite space power systems. However, these structures process the solar array power or the battery power to the load through two cascaded regulators during one orbit cycle, which reduces the energy transfer efficiency. Also the battery charging time is increased due to placement of converter between the battery and the solar array. In this paper a parallel structure has been proposed which can improve the energy transfer efficiency and the battery charging time for satellite space power RPPT systems. An analogue controller is used to control all of the required functions, such as load voltage regulation and solar array stabilization with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In order to compare the system efficiency and the battery charging efficiency of the proposed structure with those of a series (conventional) structure and a simplified series-parallel structure, simulations are performed and the results are analyzed using a loss analysis model. The proposed structure charges the battery more quickly when compared to the other two structures. Also the efficiency of the proposed structure has been improved under different modes of solar array operation when compared with the other two structures. To verify the system, experiments are carried out under different modes of solar array operation, including PPT charge, battery discharge, and eclipse and trickle charge.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2007

Indoor air quality becomes of a concern recently in view of human health. This study investigates the air diffusion performance and the air change efficiency of a classroom, when outdoor air is introduced in two different ways in addition to the heating/cooling operation of a ceiling-mounted heat pump. A CFD analysis has been performed to investigate the effect of the discharge angle of the air jets from the heat pump for both parallel and series types of outdoor air system. It is observed that the series type creates more uniform indoor environment compared to the parallel type in general. It can be concluded the discharge angle should not be larger than 40o for the parallel type, in order not to generate thermal stratification in the room.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.288-298
• /
• 1996

The gas-fired absorption refrigeration system to utilize treated sewage is available for environmental protection and energy conservation. Simulation analysis on the double-effect absorption refrigeration cycles with parallel or series flow type has been performed. The working fluid is Lithium Bromide and water solution. The main purpose of this study is evaluating the possibilities of effective utilization of treated sewage as a cooling water for the absorber and condenser. The efficiency of a couple of cycles has been studied and simulation results show that higher coefficient of performance could be obtained for parallel flow type. The other purpose of the present study is to determine the optimum designs and operating conditions based on the operating constraints and the coefficent of performance in the paralledl flow type.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.864-865
• /
• 2008

This paper deals with d-q axis inductance measurements of IPMSM considering core loss at low speed. d-q axis inductance measurements generally are conducted at rated speed and parallel core loss model can be used to exclude core loss effects on inductances. Core loss is generally modeled parallel to input terminal of d-q axis equivalent circuit. Therefore, the effect of core loss on inductance calculation can be varied by core loss modeling. In this paper, d-q axis inductance is calculated parallel and series core loss modeling. Calculated inductances are compared to FEA results and it is concluded that series core loss modeling is more closed to FEA results at low speed.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2013

The problem of designing an experiment to estimate the reliability of a system that has N subsystems connected in series where each subsystem n has n $T_n$ components connected in parallel is investigated both theoretically and by simulation. An accelerated sampling sheme is introduced. It is shown that the accelerated sampling scheme is asymptotically optimal as the total number of units goes to infinity. Numerical comparisons for a system that has two subsystems connected in series where each subsystem has two components connected in parallel are also given. They indicate that the accelerated sampling scheme performs better than the batch sequential sampling scheme and is nearly optimal.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2000

이 논문에서는 병렬구조 퍼지시스템(PSFS)에 기초한 카오스 시계열 데이터의 예측 알고리즘에 대해 연구하였다 병렬구조 퍼지시스템은 병렬로 연결된 여러개의 퍼지시스템에 의하여 구성되어있다. 병렬구조 퍼지시스템을 구성하고 있는 각 퍼지시스템은 다른 임베딩 차원과 시간지연을 가지고 과거의 데이터를 이용하여 동일한 데이터를 독립적으로 예측한다 퍼지시스템은 입출력 데이터를 클러스터링하여 모델링되는 MISO Sugeno 퍼지규칙에 의하여 특징지어진다. 각 퍼지시스템에 대한 최적 임베딩차원은 주어진 시간지연값에 대해서 최적의 성능을 갖도록 선정된다. 병렬구조 퍼지시스템은 각 구성요소 퍼지스템들의 예측값중에서 최대값과 최소값을 가지는 예측결과를 제외하고 나머지 값들을 평균하여 최종 예측 결과를 얻는다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2011

The redundancy allocation problem (RAP) is a famous NP.complete problem that has beenstudied in the system reliability area of ships and airplanes. Recently meta-heuristic techniques have been applied in this topic, for example, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing and tabu search. In particular, tabu search (TS) has emerged as an efficient algorithmic approach for the series-parallel RAP. However, the quality of solutions found by TS depends on the initial solution. As a robust and efficient methodology for the series-parallel RAP, the hybrid metaheuristic (TSA) that is a interactive procedure between the TS and SA (simulated annealing) is developed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, SA is used to find the diversified promising solutions so that TS can re-intensify search for the solutions obtained by the SA. We test the proposed TSA by the existing problems and compare it with the SA and TS algorithm. Computational results show that the TSA algorithm finds the global optimal solutions for all cases and outperforms the existing TS and SA in cases of 42 and 56 subsystems.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.329-338
• /
• 2013

In this paper, the charging characteristics of series resonant type high voltage capacitor chargers considering the transformer stray capacitance have been studied. The principles of operation for the four operational modes and the mode changes for the four different switching frequency sections are explained and analyzed in the range of switching frequency below the resonant frequency. It is confirmed that the average charging currents derived from the above analysis results have non-linear characteristics in each of the four modes. The resonant current, resonant voltage, charging current, and charging time of this capacitor charger as variations of the switching frequency, series parallel capacitance ratio ($k=C_p/C_s$), and output voltage are calculated. From the calculation results, the advantages and disadvantages arising from the parallel connection of this stray capacitance are described. Some methods to minimize charging time of this capacitor charger are suggested. In addition, the results of a comparative test using two transformers whose stray capacitances are different are described. A 1.8 kJ/s prototype capacitor charger is assembled with a TI28335 DSP controller and a 40 kJ, 7 kV capacitor. The analysis results are verified by the experiment.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.673-679
• /
• 2010

Input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) connected DC-DC converters enable low voltage rating switches to be used in high voltage input applications. In this paper, a DSP is adopted to generate digital phase-shifted PWM signals and to fulfill the closed-loop control function for ISOP connected two full-bridge DC-DC converters. Moreover, a stable output current sharing control strategy is proposed for the system, with which equal sharing of the input voltage and the load current can be achieved without any input voltage control loops. Based on small signal analysis with the state space average method, a loop gain design with the proposed scheme is made. Compared with the conventional IVS scheme, the proposed strategy leads to simplification of the output voltage regulator design and better static and dynamic responses. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation and experimental results of an ISOP system made up of two full-bridge DC-DC converters.