• Title/Summary/Keyword: serial dilution

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Synthesis and in Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Benzothiazole Incorporated Thiazolidin-4-ones Derivatives

  • Agarwal, Shikha;Agarwal, Dinesh Kumar;Gautam, Naveen;Agarwal, Kshamta;Gautam, Dinesh Chandra
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제58권1호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2014
  • In the course of work on new pharmacologically active antimicrobial agents, we have reported the synthesis of a new class of structurally novel derivatives, incorporating two bioactive structures, a benzothiazole and thiazolidin-4-one, to yield a class of compounds having interesting antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using serial plate dilution method. The structure of the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ganoderma lucidum Extrct Alone and in Combination withSsome Antibiotics

  • Yoon, Sang-Yeon;Eo, Seong-Kug;Kim, Young-So;Lee, Chong-Kil;Han, Seong-Sun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.438-442
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    • 1994
  • Antimicrobial activity of GL (the aqueous extract from the carpophores of Ganoderma lucidum ($F_RK_{KARST}$) was tested in vitro aginst Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method, and the antimicrobial activity was expressed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Among fifteeen species of bacteria tested, the natimicrobial activity of GL was of antimicrobial combinations of GL with four kinds of antibiotics (ampicilin, cefazolin, oxytet-racycline and chloramphenicol), the fractional inhibitory concentraction index (FICI) was determined by checkerboard assy for each stain. The antimicrobial combinations of GL with four antibiotics resulted in additive effect in most instances, synergism in two instances, and antagonism in two instances. Synergism was obversed when GL was combined with cefazolin against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella oxytoca.

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Developing species-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction primers for detecting Lautropia mirabilis

  • Park, Soon-Nang;Kook, Joong-Ki
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.140-145
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to develop Lautropia mirabilis-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers based on the sequence of DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta gene. The PrimerSelect program was used in designing of the qPCR primers, RTLam-F4 and RTLam-R3. The specificity of the qPCR primers were performed by conventional PCR with 37 strains of 37 oral bacterial species, including L. mirabilis. The sensitivity of the primers was determined by qPCR with the serial dilution of purified genomic DNA of L. mirabilis KCOM 3484, ranged from 4 ng to 4 fg. The data showed that the qPCR primers could detect only L. mirabilis strains and as little as 40 fg of genome DNA of L. mirabilis KCOM 3484. These results indicate that this qPCR primer pair (RTLam-F4/RTLam-R3) may be useful for species-specific detection of L. mirabilis in epidemiological studies of oral bacterial infectious diseases such as periodontal disease.

First Records of Rare Ascomycete Fungi, Acrostalagmus luteoalbus, Bartalinia robillardoides, and Collariella carteri from Freshwater Samples in Korea

  • Nguyen, Thuong T.T.;Lee, Seo Hee;Jeon, Sun Jeong;Lee, Hyang Burm
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2019
  • The distribution and occurrence of rare ascomycete fungi within freshwater samples in Korea was investigated. Three rare fungal strains, CNUFC-YR537-1, CNUFC-CNUP1-1, and CNUFC-NDR3-1, were isolated using serial dilution method. On the basis of their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions and 28S rDNA sequences, the three isolates were identified as Acrostalagmus luteoalbus, Bartalinia robillardoides, and Collariella carteri, respectively. To our knowledge, these are the first records of rare genera Acrostalagmus, Bartalinia, and Collariella from Korea, and the first reports of A. luteoalbus, B. robillardoides, and C. carteri from freshwater samples.

Effect of Rumex acetosella Extract on Germination and Growth of Festuca arundinacea

  • Yosep Kang;Но-Jun Gam;Eun-Jung Park;Bo-Ram Choi;Ki-Yong Kim;Sang-Mo Kang; In-Jung Lee
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.112-112
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    • 2022
  • 외래잡초인 애기수영(Rumex acetosella)는 생태계 교란종으로 생물다양성을 감소시키고, 우리나라 목초지에 우점하고 있어 큰 문제를 야기한다. 애기수영의 경우, 살초효과 및 제초활성물질인 chrysophanic acid와 catechd이 밝혀져 있지만, 톨페스큐(Festuca arundinacea)에 대한 살초 효과 연구는 미비하다. 이에 본 연구는 톨페스큐 종자에 대해 애기수영 MeOH 추출물을 처리한 Seed bioassay를 진행해 IC50 값을 구하고, 톨페스큐에 애기수영 MeOH 추출물을 경엽처리를 진행한 후 생육조사를 진행했다. Seed bioassay의 경우, petri dish 위에 톨페스큐 종자 20개가 치상하고, 애기수영 지상부 추출물과 지하부 추출물을 각각 20,000 mg L-1, 10,000 mg L-1, 5,000 mg L-1, 2,500 mg L-1 농도로 serial dilution 하여 1mL씩 분주한 뒤, 일주일 뒤에 발아한 종자에 대해 생체중을 조사하고 Prizm 프로그램을 이용해 IC50을 구하였다. 경엽처리의 경우, 톨페스큐 종자 파종4주 뒤에 IC50값이 더 낮았던 지상부 추출물을 100,000 mg L-1, 50,000 mg L-1, 25,000 mg L-1, 12,500 mg L-1, 6,250 mg L-1 농도로 serial dilution 한 뒤 5mL씩 일주일 간격으로 3회 경엽처리를 진행하였고, 마지막 처리 일주일 뒤 초장, 근장, 생체중, 건물중을 조사하였다. Seed bioassay 결과, 애기수영 지하부 추출물에 대한 톨페스큐의 IC50값은 3274가 나왔고, 애기수영 지상부 추출물에 대한 톨페스큐의 IC50값은 2728가 나왔다. Seed bioassay 결과를 바탕으로 효과적 이 었던 지상부 추출물을 이용해 톨페스큐 경엽처리를 진행하였다. 애기수영 지상부 추출물 경엽처리 결과, 톨페스큐 초장과 생체중이 추출물 처리량이 높아짐에 따라 낮아졌으며, 100,000 mg L-1 처리구는 Control과 비교해 유의적으로 감소하였고, 처리량이 높아짐에 따라 근장이 감소했지만, 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그리고 건물중은 100,000 mg L-1 처리구가 Control, 12,500 mg L-1, 6,250 mg L-1 처리구와 비교해 유의적으로 낮았다.

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1세대 세파계 항생제인 Cefazedone의 MIC Test를 통한 비교 연구 (Comparative Study Using MIC Test for Cefazedone and other First Generation Cephalosporins)

  • 복혜숙;김명민;최경업
    • 한국임상약학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.13-16
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    • 1995
  • The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of a first-generation cephalosporin derivative, Cefazedone (CZD; $PAZERON^R$ inj.) was determined by the two-fold serial agar dilution method. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of CZD against a wide variety of clinical isolates was compared with those of other first generation cephalosporins such as Methylol Cephalexin (CEX), Cefazolin (CEZ), Cefadroxil (CDX), Cephradine (CED), Ceftezol (CTZ) and one of second generation cephalsporin antibiotics, Cefotaxime (CTX). CZD had the most potent inhibitory effect against Gram-positive strains, when compared to the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics tested in this study and CTX. The geometric MIC mean of CZD for Gram-positive strains was calculated as 0.386 kg/m{\ell}$, and those of CEX, CEZ, CDX, CTZ, CED, and CTX were 6.073, 0.894, 3.399, 0.748, 7.884 and 1.502 $kg/m{\ell}$, respectively. In addition, the geometric mean of CZD for staphylococclJs aureus strains was obtained as 0.340 $kg/m{\ell}$ and those of CEX, CEZ, CDX, CTZ, CED, and CTX 6.145, 0.534, 4.126, 0.442, 10.51, and 2.500 $kg/m{\ell}$, respectively. Against Gram-negative strains, CZD showed better antibacterial activity than CEZ, CDX, CTZ, and CED.

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자몽종자추출물, 구연산, 사과산 그리고 염화벤잘코늄을 주성분으로 하는 스프레이형 소독제의 조류인플루엔자바이러스에 대한 살바이러스 효과 (Virucidal Efficacy against Avian Influenza Virus of a Disinfectant Spray Containing Grapefruit Seed Extracts, Citric Acid, Malic Acid and Benzalkonium Chloride)

  • 차춘남;박은기;정지윤;유창열;김석;이후장
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.266-273
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: This study evaluated the virucidal efficacy against avian influenza virus (AIV) of a disinfectant spray containing 0.25% grapefruit seed extract, 0.2% citric acid, 0.0625% malic acid and 0.0125% benzalkonium chloride. Methods: The disinfectant spray was diluted several times with hard water (HW) and organic matter (OM). Two point five mL of each diluent was added into each test tube, and 2.5 mL of AIV suspension was inserted into each test tube. After 30 minutes of virus-disinfectant contact reaction at $4^{\circ}C$, 2.5 mL of 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum was added into each test tube to neutralize the sanitizer efficacy. The neutralized solutions were serial 10-fold dilutions with phosphate buffer solution, and 0.2 mL of the diluents was injected into the allantoic cavity of five ten-day-old-chickens per dilution time. After incubation of the embryos for five days, the viability of the AIV was examined by hemagglutination titer. The valid dilution of the disinfectant spray was estimated according to the dilution time that the virus titer was inactivated more than $10^4$ 50% egg-infective dose (EID50)/mL compared with pathogen control. Results: In HW and OM conditions, the valid dilutions of the disinfectant spray against AIV were seven- and three-fold dilutions, respectively. The AIV titer of the pathogen control was more than 6.1 log10EID50/mL, and there was no embryonic toxicity. Conclusion: The present study showed that this disinfectant spray has effective virucidal activity against AIV.

Knockout of Myostatin by Zinc-finger Nuclease in Sheep Fibroblasts and Embryos

  • Zhang, Xuemei;Wang, Liqin;Wu, Yangsheng;Li, Wenrong;An, Jing;Zhang, Fuchun;Liu, Mingjun
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권10호
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    • pp.1500-1507
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    • 2016
  • Myostatin (MSTN) can negatively regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle, and natural mutations can cause "double-muscling" trait in animals. In order to block the inhibiting effect of MSTN on muscle growth, we transferred zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) which targeted sheep MSTN gene into cultured fibroblasts. Gene targeted colonies were isolated from transfected fibroblasts by serial dilution culture and screened by sequencing. Two colonies were identified with mono-allele mutation and one colony with bi-allelic deletion. Further, we introduced the MSTN-ZFN mRNA into sheep embryos by microinjection. Thirteen of thirty-seven parthenogenetic embryos were targeted by ZFN, with the efficiency of 35%. Our work established the technical foundation for generation of MSTN gene editing sheep by somatic cloning and microinjection ZFN into embryos.

천연 Rutin의 항균효과와 급성독성에 미치는 영향 (Antimicrobial Activity and Acute Toxicity of Natural Rutin)

  • 임교환;어성국;김영소;이종길;한성순
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.309-315
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    • 1996
  • As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial agents from natural resources, antimicrobial activity of rutin isolated from Sophora japonica was tested in vitro against four kinds of gram positive bacteria and four kinds of gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method. Among eight kinds of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of rutin was the most potent against Mycobacterium smegmatis showing MIC of $375\;{\mu}g/ml$. The acute toxicity of rutin was examined in mice and rats. and $LD_{50}$ value administered intraperitoneally in mice was 650 mg/kg(Confidence limit: 894-1,473 mg/kg). There were no significant changes in serum biochemical values and histopathological changes as compared with those of control after intraperitoneal administration with rutin in rats.

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Streptomyces sp. 가 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질에 관한 연구(제 2 보) 항진균성 항생물질 trans-Cinnamamide의 생성 (Studies on the Antifungal Antibiotics Produced by a Streptomyces sp. (Part 2) The Occurrence of trans-Cinnamamide in Streptomyces No. 297)

  • 배무;고영희;이화석;조진호
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 1982
  • 항진균성 항생물질 생산균으로 분리된 Streptomyces균 No. 297 균의 배양액으로부터 항균물질을 분리·정제하여 침상결정을 얻었다. 이 물질은 UV. IR. spectra, NMR, Mass-spectra 및 여러 화학반응시험을 통하여 t-cin-namamide로 동정되었다. 항균 spectra를 조사해본 결과 Pellicularia sasakii, Pyricularia oryzae 기타 및 병원성 진균류에 강한 항균성을 나타내며 세균류에는 항균력이 극히 약한 것이 특징이다.

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