• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2004

Background : It is important to predict the exercise capacity and dyspnea, as measurements of lung volume, in patients with COPD. However, lung volume changes in response to an improvement in airflow limitation have not been explored in detail. In the present study, it is hypothesized that lung volume responses might not be accurately predicted by flow responses in patients with moderate to severe airflow limitations. Methods : To evaluate lung volume responses, baseline and follow up, flow and lung volumes were measured in moderate to severe COPD patients. The flow response was defined by an improvement in the $FEV_1$ of more than 12.3%; lung volume changes were analyzed in 17 patients for the flow response. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 66 years; 76% were men. The mean baseline $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC and RV were 0.98L (44.2% predicted), 47.5% and 4.65 L (241.5%), respectively. The mean follow up duration was 80 days. The mean differences in the $FEV_1$, FVC, TLC and RV were 0.27 L, 0.39 L, -0.69 L and -1.04 L, respectively, during the follow up periods. There was no correlation between the delta $FEV_1$ and delta RV values(r=0.072, p=0.738). Conclusion : To appropriately evaluate the lung function in patients with moderate to severe airflow limitations; serial lung volume measurements would be helpful.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.644-650
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• 2005

Background : Bilateral pulmonary thromboendarterectomy(PTE) is recognized as the definitive treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We investigated the symptomatic, hemodynamic and prognostic effects of PTE in comparison with medical treatment. Methods : Twenty-four patients diagnosed with CTEPH from 1995 to 2003 at the Asan Medical Center were divided into two groups: patients treated with PTE(PTE group, n=12) and those not treated with PTE(Med group, n=12). The serial changes in dyspnea, the tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity (TRVmax) and survival of the PTE and Med groups were compared retrospectively. Results : In PTE group, during a follow-up period of 1 year, the New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class significantly improved, while there was no significant improvement in the Med group. PTE significantly lowered the TRVmax from $4.23{\pm}0.54m/sec$ to $3.22{\pm}0.70m/sec$ over a follow up period of 2 years. (p=0.028) However, the TRVmax in the medically treated group did not show any significant improvement, changing from $3.98{\pm}0.68m/sec$ to $4.27{\pm}0.95m/sec$ during 1 year. The 5-year survival of the PTE group was 77.9% compared with 64.3% in the medically treated group. Conclusion : PTE provides substantial long-term improvement in dyspnea and the echocardiographic changes compared with medically treated patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.2 s.91
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the mechanical and histological effect of drilling process on the stability of micro-implant used for the orthodontic anchorage. For this purpose, 32 micro-implants(Osas$^{(R)}$, Epoch medical, ${\phi}$1.6 mm) were inserted into maxilla, mandible and palate in two beagle dogs. 16 micro-implants(8 per dog) were inserted after drilling with pilot drilling bur (drill method group). 16 micro-implants(8 per dog) were inserted without drilling (drill-free method group). After 1 week, micro-implants were loaded by means of Ni-Ti coil spring (Ni-Ti springs-extension$^{(R)}$, Ormco) with 200-300 gm force. Following 12 weeks, the micro-implants and the surrounding bone were removed. Before sacrifice, the mobilities were tested with Periotest$^{(R)}$(Siemens). Undecalcified serial sections with the long axis were made and the histologic evaluations were done. The results of this study were as follow ; 1. The osseointegration was found in both of drill-free method group and drill method group 2. Two of drill method group and one of drill-free method group in 32 micro-implants were lost after loading. 3. The mobilities of drill-free method group were less than drill method group 4. The bone contact on surface of micro-implants in drill-free method group was more than drill method group but there was no significant difference between groups. 5. The bone density in threads of micro-implants in drill-free method group was more than drill method group and there was significant difference between groups. These results suggest that drill-free method in insertion of micro-implants is superior to drill method on the stabilities, bone remodeling and osseointegrations under early loading.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.273-286
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the growth aspects in three facial growth patterns. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 33 samples(19males, 14females) with normal occlusion from 8.5 years to 18.5 yews of age were used in this study. The facial growth patterrn was categorized in 3 types(Drop type, Neutral type, Forward type) by the total amounts of the Y-axis which changed from 8.5 years to 18.5 years of age. The growth change of the craniofacial area during 10 years in each growth type was analyzed and was compared among the 3 growth types. The results of this study might be summarized as follows. 1. The samples that were classified by total change of the Y-axis during this study period were distributed to 52% of the neutral type, 27% of the forward type, 21% of the drop type. 2. The anterior growth of the maxilla to the cranial base(N per A) showed larger in the forward type than in other 2 types(p<0.05). 3. The palatal plane to the FH plane showed more anterior-superior inclination in the forward type with age during this study period. 4. The anterior growth of the mandible to the cranial base(N per Pog) appeared large in rank order, of largest the forward type, second the neutral type, and third the drop type(p<0.05). 5. During this study period the mandibular plane(SN/MN,FMA) showed more counterclockwise rotation in the forward type than in the drop type(p<0.05), and this tendency was stronger in males than in females(p<0.05). 6. The growth of the mandibular corpus length(Go-Me) showed smaller in the drop type than in the other 2 types(p<0.05). 7. In the forward type and the neutral type, the anterior growth of the mandible was larger than that of the maxilla(p<0.05). 8. In the craniofacial growth distances and angulations turned out to be somewhat variable, but the vertical proportion had a strong tendency whose original relation was maintained consistently during this study period. 9. Through these analyzed data, the profilograms on each growth type were constructed to evaluate individual growth pattern in the orthodontic diagnosis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to examine the condylar surfaces in order to find out the types, the incidence and common occurrence area of the osseous abnormalities of the condyles according to the age, genders and the purpose of CT taking, and to compare those between the groups for TMD diagnosis and the other groups. 3D CT images of 199 patients which were scanned with the $i-CAT^{TM}$ Cone Beam Computed Tomography were collected from Sanbon Dental Hospital of Wonkwang university and the MPR images were transfered to the TMJ mode to be showed serial sagittal images and coronal images. The images were macroscopically examined by three independent observers for the types and incidences of the osseous abnormalities, their common occurrence area and general shapes of the condyles. As a result, type F is most common ever than type N. The common occurrence area in sagittal images is antero-superior and superior area except for type D-C which were showed on postero-superior area commonly. In coronal images, latero-superior and superior area is most common except for type E which were present on mesio-superior and superior area most frequently. The osseous abnormalities of the condyles are more common in TMD diagnosis group except for type D-C, that is type N and type D-C are more common in the other groups. In this study, abnormalities of the condyles are classified into 6 types and it has a common occurrence area each. And TMD diagnosis group shows a tendency to have higher rate for osseous abnormalities except for type D-C.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2018

The effect of $SO_2$ treated pads (Sodium metabisulphate 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg) on the quality of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were investigated. The $SO_2$ treated pads did not affect to weight, moisture loss rate, and soluble solid contents of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices. The color change (${\Delta}E$) of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices after storage for 8 weeks were the highest (value=6.0, 6.2) in control, whereas that was the lowest (value=4.8, 4.7) under $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg condition, respectively. When we measured the browning degree of dried persimmons, they showed O.D. 0.65, 0.57, 0.29, and 0.18 in serial dilution treated pads with $SO_2$ pad 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg. The browning degree data from aforementioned dried persimmons after 8 weeks was similar to that from dried persimmons slices. The decay rate of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices after storage for 8 weeks were the highest (value=33.3%, 36.7%) in control, whereas that was the lowest (value=3.3%, 6.7%) under $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg condition, respectively. The concentration of residual $SO_2$ in dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were detected within a safe range of 15.3~30.0 ppm. Therefore, the shelf-life of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were lengthened in $SO_2$ treated pads (especially in $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg) for inhibiting of browning and decay.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1993

Background: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very sensitive method for the detecting of mycobacterial DNA. There are many reports revealing the efficacy of PCR for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis, but there are many different methods for DNA extraction from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bead beater method is a very useful method for DNA extraction from clinical spectimens, but its procedures are relatively complicated and time-consuming. So we studied other methods for the DNA extraction from Mycobacterium tuberculosis $H_{37}Rv$ and some clinical specimens (5 smear positive sputa and 5 smear negative CSF). Method: We extracted the mycobacterial DNA with 6 different methods from H37Rv strain and clinical specimens. The methods included SDS-microwave oven method, NaOH lysis method, Triton X-100-Proteinase K method, Lysis buffer method, SDS-proteinase K method and bead beater method. The target DNA was 123bp of IS6110 and was detected by examination of ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Results: Among 6 methods, SDS-proteinase K method, bead beater method, lysis buffer method and triton X-100-proteinase K method were excellent, but SDS-proteinase K method was the best method in the aspect of simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: We suggest that SDS-porteinase K method is a simple and convinient method and might be the best method for the extraction of mycobacterial DNA.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.709-719
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• 2000

Background : The different features of high-resolution CT(HRCT) findings of active pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) were studied between acid fast bacilli(AFB) smear or culture positive and negative group. Methods : We prospectively evaluated 36 patients who had been confirmed for active pulmonary tuberculosis by the smear or culture of AFB in sputum(n=25), and changes on serial chest radiographs(n=11). The patients were divided into 3 groups by the results of sputum AFB stain and culture. Group 1(n= 11) is negative in both AFB stain and culture; group 2(n=13) is negative in AFB stain but positive in culture ; and group 3(n=12) is positive in both AFB stain and culture. We evaluated the findings of HRCT in each group randomly. Result : On the HRCT scans, acinar nodule(100%), macronodule(75%), and cavity(75%) in group 3 were more frequently found than group 1(63%. 18%, 9%) and group 2(46%, 15%, 23%)(p<0.05). The centrilobular nodule and branching structure were more frequently observed in group 3(92%) than in group 1(54%)(p<0.05), but were similarly observed in group 2(77%)(p>0.05). AFB positive group was statistically different than the negative group in the HRCT findings with to acinar nodule(100% vs 54%), macronodule(75% vs 17%), and cavity(75% vs 17%)(p<0.05). TB culture positive group was statistically different than the negative group in the HRCT findings with respect to acinar nodule(72% vs 45%) and cavity(48% vs 9%)(p<0.05). Conclusions : HRCT scans are helpful in determining disease acitivity in sputum AFB stain-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. When HRCT shows centrilobular nodule and branching structure, acinar nodule, macronodule, cavity, further studies as sputum induction and bronchoscopy can be performed to determine the presence of bacilli in patients of AFB stain-negative tuberculosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2010

Purpose: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function may occur early in systemic hypertension. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived tissue velocity and strain rate are new parameters for assessing diastolic dysfunction. The aim of this study is to determine whether TDI and strain rate imaging (SRI) would improve the ability to recognize early impaired diastolic and systolic functions compared with conventional echocardiography in hypertensive adolescents. Methods: We included 38 hypertensive patients with systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg. Ejection fraction and myocardial performance index (MPI) were estimated by conventional echocardiography. Peak systolic myocardial velocity, early diastolic myocardial velocity (Em), and peak late diastolic myocardial velocity (Am) were obtained by using TDI and SRI. Results: In the hypertensive group, interventricular septal thickness was significantly increased on M-mode echocardiography. Em/Am was significantly decreased at the mitral valve annulus. Among hypertensive subjects, the E strain rate at basal, mid, and apex was significantly decreased. Systolic strain was significantly decreased at the septum in the hypertensive group. Conclusion: Strain rate might be a useful new parameter for the quantification of both regional and global LV functions and could be used in long-term follow up in hypertensive patients. Early identification by SRI of subjects at risk for hypertensive and ventricular dysfunction may help to stratify risk and guide therapy. Further studies, including serial assessment of LV structure and function in a larger number of adolescents with hypertension, is necessary.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2010

Purpose : Although eosinophilia is a common laboratory finding in many neonatal intensive care units (ICUs), its causative mechanisms remain obscure. We aimed to determine the causes of eosinophilia in the neonatal ICU environment. Methods : Serial eosinophil counts were determined weekly for 288 hospitalized, appropriately grown neonates. Infants were divided into four groups according to gestational age, and the incidence and etiologic factors of eosinophilia were retrospectively studied. Results : Absolute eosinophilia (>$700/mm^3$) was documented in 18% (52/288) of neonates. Twenty-two infants (42.3%) exhibited mild eosinophilia ($700-999cells/mm^3$), 27 (51.9%) exhibited moderate eosinophilia ($1,000-2,999cells/mm^3$), and 3 (5.8%) exhibited severe eosinophilia (>$3,000cells/mm^3$). Of the 288 infants studied, 54 suffered sepsis. Thirty of these 54 infants (55.6%) showed eosinophilia, and 22 out of the remaining 234 infants (9%) without sepsis showed eosinophilia, indicating that eosinophilia was more prevalent in the sepsis group (P <0.05). All 5 infants suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed eosinophilia, and 47 out of the remaining 283 infants (16.7%) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed eosinophilia. Thus, eosinophilia was more prevalent in the bronchopulmonary dysplasia group (P<0.05). Furthermore, increased prevalence of eosinophilia was associated with respiratory distress syndrome, ventilator use, blood transfusion, and total parenteral nutrition (P<0.05). Conclusion : Our results suggest that eosinophilia is influenced by sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, although it can also occur idiopathically at birth. Moreover, the potential role of eosinophils in conditions such as wound healing and fibrosis in sepsis or chronic lung disease may be a cause of eosinophilia.