• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2086-2097
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• 2021

The current cultural assets are being restored depending on the opinions of experts (craftsmen). We intend to introduce digitalized artificial intelligence techniques, excluding the personal opinions of experts on reconstruction of such cultural properties. The first step toward restoring digitized cultural properties is separation. The restoration of cultural properties should be reorganized based on recorded documents, period historical backgrounds and regional characteristics. The cultural properties in the form of photographs or images should be collected by separating the background. In addition, when restoring cultural properties most of them depend a lot on the tendency of the restoring person workers. As a result, it often occurs when there is a problem in the accuracy and reliability of restoration of cultural properties. In this study, we propose a search method for learning stored digital cultural assets using AI technology. Pagoda was selected for restoration of Cultural Properties. Pagoda data collection was collected through the Internet and various historical records. The pagoda data was classified by period and region, and grouped into similar buildings. The collected data was learned by applying the well-known CNN algorithm for artificial intelligence learning. The pagoda search used Yolo Marker to mark the tower shape. The tower was used a total of about 100-10,000 pagoda data. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the probability of searching for a tower differs according to the number of pagoda pictures and the number of learning iterations. Finally, it was confirmed that the number of 500 towers and the epochs in training of 8000 times were good. If the test result exceeds 8,000 times, it becomes overfitting. All so, I found a phenomenon that the recognition rate drops when the enemy repeatedly learns more than 8,000 times. As a result of this study, it is believed that it will be helpful in data gathering to increase the accuracy of tower restoration.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2020

A large number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in public databases have provided an opportunity for the systematic development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. EST-SSRs derived from conserved coding sequences show considerable cross-species transferability in related species. In the present study, we assessed the utility of foxtail millet EST-SSRs in barnyard millet. A total of 312 EST-SSRs of foxtail millet were tested using 84 Echinochloa crus-galli germplasm accessions; a high rate of transferability (62%) and 46 primer sets (13%) were shown the polymorphism in barnyard millet. The 13% of functional EST-SSRs) was demonstrated between cereals and barnyard millet. SSR marker profile data were scored for the computation of pairwise distances as well as a Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree of all the genotypes. The averaged values of gene diversity (H_E) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.213 and 0.179 within populations, respectively. The 84 barnyard millet germplasm accessions were divided into five different groups, which agreed well with their geographical origins. The exotic 12 accessions of India type barnyard millet (E. frumentacea) were all separated form Korean local collection genotype. The present results provide evidence of divergence between cultured and wild type barnyard, as a millet and grass. The polymorphic SSR markers indicated in this study were of great value in analysis of genetic diversity that can be further used for crop improvement through breeding.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2024

This paper introduces a method for generating model images that can identify specific cylindrical medicine containers in videos and investigates data collection techniques. Previous research had separated object detection from specific object recognition, making it challenging to apply automated image stitching. A significant issue was that the coordinate-based object detection method included extraneous information from outside the object area during the image stitching process. To overcome these challenges, this study applies the newly released YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once) segmentation technique to vertically rotating pill bottles video and employs the ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) feature matching algorithm to automate model image generation. The research findings demonstrate that applying segmentation techniques improves recognition accuracy when identifying specific pill bottles. The model images created with the feature matching algorithm could accurately identify the specific pill bottles.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.7-30
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• 1998

Generation and recycling potential of organic waste in Korea were estimated. Status of organic waste composting and compost utilization also were surveyed to promote the recycling of organic waste. From 1994 to 1997, generation of garbage decreased gradually while recycling rate increased due to positive governmental strategy. During the same period, livestock waste increased 11.2%. Municipal wastewater sludge was generated 3,500 ton/day which was 0.03% of wastewater treated in 1996. The energy Potential of industrial organic waste was estimated to 288 million TOE which was 1.75% of the nationwide first energy consumption in 1996. Recycling of industrial sludge was low to 31%, while recycling of animal waste, plant scraps, and wasted paper were relatively high over 50%. Industrial sludge should be recycled more as it was the most part of industrial organic waste. Conventional composting materials were mainly livestock waste, food processing waste, fishery waste, sawdust, and nightsoil. Garbage and sludge have been composted recently. 420,000 tons of compost in 1996 were produced by 288 makers, the most of which were utilized in agriculture. It was suggested that separated collection, compost standard, and quality management should be provided to promote the composting of organic waste.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 1996

This paper presents a procedure to recover sea surface heights (SSH) and free-air (FA) gravity anomalies from dense satellite altimeter SSH data with enhanced accuracies over the full spectrum of the gravity field. A wavenumber correlation filtering (WCF) of co-linear SSH tracks is developed for the coherent signals of sub-surface geological masses. Orbital cross-over adjustments with bias parameters are applied to the filtered SSH data, which are then separated into two groups of ascending and descending tracks and gridded with tensioned splines. A directional sensitive filter (DSF) is developed to reduce residual errors in the orbital adjustments that appear as track patterned SSH. Finally, FA gravity anomalies can be obtained by the application of a gradient filter on a high resolution estimate of geoid undulations after subtracting dynamic sea surface topography (DSST) from the SSH. These procedures are applied to the Geosat Geodetic Mission (GM) data of the southern oceans in a test area of ca. $900km\;\times{1,200}\;km$ to resolve geoid undulations and FA gravity anomalies to wavelengths of-10 km and larger. Comparisons with gravity data from ship surveys, predictions by least squares collocation (LSC), and 2 versions of NOAA's predictions using vertical deflections illustrate the performance of this procedure for recovering all elements of the gravity spectrum. Statistics on differences between precise ship data and predicted FA gravity anomalies show a mean of 0.1 mgal, an RMS of 3.5 mgal, maximum differences of 10. 2 mgal and -18.6 mgal, and a correlation coefficient of 0.993 over four straight ship tracks of ca. 1,600 km where gravity changes over 150 mgals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.375-380
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop an intrauterine inseminator (IUI) to deposit of frozen semen into uterus and to evaluate the results obtained after artificial insemination by IUI. Two Japanese spitzs (2 to 4 years of age) were used as semen donors. Semen was collected by manual masturbation into sterile glass collection tubes and separated into 3 fractions with only the sperm-rich fractions retained for further examination. Sperm motility >70%, sperm concentration of 200 to $400{\times}10^6 cells/ml$$\times$g for 5 min and poured out the suspended solution, and then diluted with 2 ml Tris-buffer which was consisted of 2.4 g Tris, 1.4 g citric acid, 0.8 g glucose, 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml streptomycin, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 20 ml egg yolk to 100 ml mili-Q water (Ext I) or supplemented with 8 ml glycerol and 1 ml Equex STM paste to 100 rnl (Ext II). The diluted semen was cooled to 5$^{\circ}C$ in cold room, where the temperature in the sample reached 5$^{\circ}C$. Two h after beginning the cooling procedure, 2 ml of Ext II, also at 5$^{\circ}C$, was added and mixed by gently reversing the tubes several times during 1 h. The final sperm concentration for freezing was approximately $50{\times}10^6 cells/ml$. After equilibration, the semen was loaded into 0.5 ml straw and frozen on the liquid nitrogen vapour in styrofoam box. The straws were thawed at 7$0^{\circ}C$ for precisely 6 sec. After thawing of each straw, the frozen semen can survived over 50% motility. All the females were inseminated twice with 1 ml of $25{\times}10^6 cells/ml$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.107-110
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• 2001

제철소에서 매년 대량 발생되어 주로 매립처분되고 있는 제강분진의 재활용 방안으로서, 폐수처리분야에 널리 사용되고 있는 펜톤산화공정의 반응촉매원인 Fe 공급원으로서 제강분 진의 활용 가능성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 포항제철소에서 제철부산물로 발생되는 제강분진을 전처리 없이 산화촉매로 사용하여 김포 수도권 매립지의 침출수 처리 공정에서 펜톤산화조에 유입되는 원수를 대상으로 과산화수소에 의한 산화처리 실험을 수행하였다. 반응은 회분식으로 수행하였으며, 일반적으로 알려진 펜톤산화반응의 주요 반응조 건인 운전 pH, 과산화수소 주입량 및 분할주입, 제강분진의 주입량 등의 변화에 따른 각 조 건별 시간에 따른 반응결과를 알아보았다. 또한 기존의 Fe 공급원으로 사용되고 있는 FeSO$_4$와 처리성능 및 적용조건에 대한 비교 실험도 수행하였다. 침출수 수질변화는 TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analyzer를 사용하여 측정한 TOC값으로 나타냈으며, pH controller 와 정량펌프를 사용하여 HCl과 NaOH주입을 통해 반응기간동안 일정 pH를 유지하였다. 본 연구결과, 최적 pH 조건인 4에서 최대 75% TOC 제거율을 나타내었으며, 대부분의 반응은 30분 이내에 이루어졌다. 주어진 실험조건에서 FeSO$_4$와 비교하여 반응속도와 처리효율에서 향상된 결과를 나타내었으며 반응 후 응집침전실험에서도 보다 높은 처리효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 과산화수소/제강분진 시스템을 이용한 화학적 산화처리방법은 경제성과 처리성능에서 기존의 펜톤산화공정의 대체방안으로서 향 후 적용가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.g, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg의 순서로 함량이 점차 감소하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 가자 메탄올추출물은 PQ 유도독성을 신장 및 폐조직에서 효과적으로 경감시키는 것으로 나타났다.ted retailers ("sellers") must accept end-of-life items returned to them by the consumers. At the local level, Taipei City implements a pay-as-you-throw program, whereby citizens pay waste collection and treatment fees through the purchase of special trash bags approved by the Taipei City Government. However. recyclables that are separated by citizens are collected free-of-charge by the City. Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, on the other hand, enforce mandatory sorting schemes, whereby citizens face penalties if they don't separate recyclables from the trash before pick-up. These programs have resulted in a significant reduction in municipal waste. Per capita waste collected per day has dropped from 1.143

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-147
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• 2014

This study is a case study of the process of emerging for creative products to lead world science and technology. The aim of the study is to understand the emerging process of scientific creative products, and is to provide the direction of gifted education that discovers and trains globally competitive science talents through this. To discuss the emerging process of creative products, this study has academically discussed the creativity of the complexity of dealing with theory of evolution, the real life settings, and self-organization of experience etc., and has methodologically adopted the qualitative research method through a case study to look at the structures and processes. Data collection has been formed through a discussion with 12 Korean scientists who have created selected creative products, greatly contributed for the world science and technology(12 areas). The analysis has been carried out by the latter part positivist methods. As a result, the emerging process of creative products in the field of science and technology were separated into four steps: (1)the foundation stage of knowledge, (2)the exploration stage of knowledge, (3)the construction stage of knowledge, and (4)the emerging stage of knowledge. Each stage has been revealed growing up through the macro-system and the self-organization of each micro-systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.811-815
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electric fan installation for milk production improvement of dairy cattle in Thailand. The study was conducted using 2 small-holder dairy farms in Chiang Mai province, during April to August 2004. Electric fans were installed in front of each row of cows. Each of the two rows of cows in the barn was defined as an experimental unit, thus each farm had two experimental units. The fans were operated alternately in 7-day intervals between rows of cows within each farm during the day or between 8.00 am to 8.00 pm. Non-operation periods were used as control. Milk yields were recorded. Data on environmental temperature and humidity were obtained from Chiang Mai Meteorological Center. Result from statistically analysis of milk record suggested an interaction between lactation period and fan installation. Therefore, this interaction term of lactation period and fan installation (PERIOD_FAN) was added as a variable to the regression model. Due to the repeated data collection of milk yield from the same cow (alternate week), milk yield was analyzed by repeated measure analysis (Mixed model). Least square means were calculated for all levels and used to compare between each pair-wise values. The final data were collected from the total of 18 cows with 2,072 data. Overall means and SEM of milk yields and days in milk separated into farm were $14.7{\pm}0.06kg/day$ and $176.3{\pm}2.2days$, and $15.2{\pm}0.22kg/day$ and $202.5{\pm}3.7$ days for farm A and farm B, respectively. For multivariable analysis, only PERIOD_FAN and humidity were significantly associated with milk yield. Only the first period of lactation showed that the amount of milk yields during fan installation was higher than that of non-fan installation (p<0.05). Cows with fan installation produced approximately 1.2 kg/cow more milk than cows without fan installation during this period. In conclusion, the use of electric fan operated during the day time increased milk production of cows during the first period of lactation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2020

Morphology of a strain of unspecified Skeletonema species established from Korean coast was examined by light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, and SSU(small subunit) and LSU(large subunit) rDNA of the strain were also sequenced. The specimen was characterized by solitary or short chains, and each cell contained 1-2 chloroplasts. The valve face was slightly convex, and the terminal fultoportula processes (TFPPs) were open and showed narrow distal ends that could be truncated or spiny with claw-like protrusions. The basal part of the TFPPs was tubular and oblique to the cell axis. The intercalary fultoportula processes (IFPPs) were also narrow, completely open, and joined in a 1 : 1 junction. Occasionally, one IFPP was connected with two opposing IFPPs. The morphological features of the specimen were identical to those of Skeletonema pseudocostatum. Molecular phylogeny based on SSU rDNA revealed that the Korean strain is nested within a clade comprising S. pseudocostatum and S. tropicum. However, based on D1-D2 LSU rDNA sequences, a clade including S. pseudocostatum and a Korean strain was separated from the S. tropicum clade. This indicates that the Korean strain can be identified as S. pseudocostatum. This species represents the first record from Korean coastal waters.