• Architectural research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

The study of the expression of architectural glass has recently expanded due to various factors such as the development of architectural technology, the reinforcement of environmental standards, an increased interest in energy saving, and the commercialism of the exterior of buildings. The background for restoring the tactile capability of the sense of sight has been prepared by agitating oculocentricism pertaining to the Renaissance era. The restoration of tactility can be considered in two ways. One is the tactility 'perceived' through complex experiences and the other is the tactility 'sensed' from the challenges on the materiality of the glass itself. Perceptual tactility is achieved from compound visual experiences and connecting these complex experiences in the brain. Sensible tactility, in contrast to perceptual tactility, is a more direct tactility which works within the nervous system, bypassing the brain. This is attained by reversion of the materiality, tectonics and connection method of the glass. Among rare examples, Laminata House built in Leerdam, Netherlands is a fine example of direct and sensible tactility. In this paper, the process of restoring tactility in architecture is studied at each stage based on the restoration of tactility in painterly aesthetics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.705-713
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• 2003

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4$^{\circ}C$(13$^{\circ}C$) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300 W/㎡, which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20∼30 W/㎡ during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.501-511
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• 2012

This study examines the effect of structural properties of F/W wool knit fabrics for woman's knitwear on the preferences for textile designing through analyzing the relationship among the structural properties, mechanical properties, objective hand measurements, and preferences. The 'knit structure' was determined to be the most important parameter in rating preferences, apart from the 'preference for cardigans'. Consumers preferred washable wool to normal wool when comparing a normal wool knit with a washable wool knit on a 'knit structure' factor. Preferred structural properties showed a similar tendency 'preference for fabric' and the 'preference for cardigans', 'preference for sweaters' and 'preference for vests'. The 'sophisticated/feminine' factor showed a correlation with 'fabric preference' and the texture and sensible images had a similar effect on fabric preferences. In the relationship between objective hand measurements and fabric preferences, the KOSHI value had a negative coefficient and the THV value had a positive correlation with fabric preferences. In conclusion, we found a consumer preference for more flexible fabrics.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 2015

A large aperture scintillometer (LAS) was deployed with an optical path length of 2.1 km to estimate turbulent sensible heat flux (${\mathcal{Q}}_H$) over a highly heterogeneous urban area. Scintillation measurements were conducted during cold season in November and December 2013, and the daytime data of 14 days were used in the analysis after quality control processes. The LAS-derived ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ show reasonable temporal variation ranging $20{\sim}160W\;m^{-2}$ in unstable atmospheric conditions, and well compare with the measured net radiation. The LAS footprint analysis suggests that ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ can be relatively high when the newly built-up urban area has high source contribution of the turbulent flux in the study area ('northwesterly winds'). Sensitivity tests show that the LAS-derived ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ are highly sensitive to non-dimensional similarity function for temperature structure function parameter, but relatively less sensitive to surface aerodynamic parameters and meteorological variables (temperature and wind speed). A lower Bowen ratio also has a significant influence on the flux estimation. Overall uncertainty of the estimated daytime ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ is expected within about 20% at an upper limit for the analysis data. It is also found that stable atmospheric conditions can be poorly determined when the scintillometry technique is applied over the highly heterogeneous urban area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1199-1211
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• 2014

The momentum flux and the sensible heat flux were measured with the scintillometers and ultrasonic anemometers at 6 sites of which surface characteristics like roughness length and zero-displacement are different each other. We estimated the momentum flux and the sensible heat flux based on the bulk transfer method with the drag coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient calculated from the temperature and wind speed at two heights. The variation of bulk transfer coefficients showed a remarkable difference depending on the atmospheric stability which is less influenced by the zero-displacement than the roughness length. The estimated sensible heat fluxes were in good agreement with those measured at 3 m, showing 23.7 $Wm^{-2}$ of the root mean square error that is less than 10% of its maximum. Since the estimated momentum flux is not only effected by drag coefficient but also by wind speed square, the determination of wind speed in the bulk transfer method is critical.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

We analyzed the characteristics of fog formation in the Gumi Reservoir of Nakdong river with the field observation data for recent 2 years (1 April 2013~31 March 2015) collected by the national institute of meteorological research, KMA. In early morning, we frequently observe the steam rising from the water surface. The fog occurs from adding water vapor into the air. We call the fog as steam fog. Steam fogs occur when cold, dry air mixes with warm, moist air above a water surface. The steam fog appears mainly in autumn under the following conditions; (1) sensible heat is positive values ($10{\sim}20W/m^2$), (2) latent heat is more positive values ($25{\sim}35W/m^2$) than sensible heat, (3) cloudless nights with light winds (about 1.5 m/s), (4) under condition(3), mountainous winds easily blows into the reservoir.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.3938-3948
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• 1996

This study is related with the experimental investigation on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the fin-and-tube heat exchangers with three different interrupted fins and a plane fin for air-conditioning application. Experiments were conducted accordingly following the appropriate development process. Geometry similitude experiment was introduced to predict the performance of fins, and prototype experiment was also performed to confirm the validity of geometry similitude experimental results. However, these experimental results were limited to the sensible heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchangers. Hence, additional experiment was performed using refrigerant to investigate the latent heat transfer characteristics. This paper presents an appropriate process for the development of a new type heat exchanger. Sensible and latent heat transfer characteristics for each fin configuration is also provided along with the optimal fin configuration.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.37-42
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• 1998

Latent and sensible heat fluxes over the global oceans are estimated using SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and AVHRR MCSST (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature). The heat fluxes are computed from SSM/I wind speeds and surface humidity, the MCSST, and NCEP Reanalysis sea level pressures and 2-m temperatures from 1996 to 1997. The diabatic conditions bulk formula (Kondo, 1975) is used to compute the heat fluxes. To validate, the derived fluxes are compared to the measurements of 3 JMA buoys. The wind speeds and surface humidity derived from SSM/I have accuracies of 1.37m/s and 1.7g/kg, respectively. The heat fluxes were estimated these factors and the standard error of the latent and sensible heat fluxes are 5.53 W/m$^2$ and 3.33 W/m$^2$. The latest El-Nino phenomenon started at the beginning of 1997 and this event was larger than any others. We compare the heat fluxes in 1997 with the fluxes in 1996 and investigate the spatial movement of meteorological factors as well as the heat fluxes associated with El-Nino appearance.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

Changes in building construction methods and repairing of older buildings have reduced infiltration rate. Synthetic materials, release airborne particles and uneven healthy odor are increased. For preventing pollutants introduce fresh outdoor air into the building, simply letting fresh outdoor air into building, however, Is not a cost-effective way to ventilation. When additional ventilation is added to an existing HVAC system, the heating and cooling equipment, often cannot handle the increased load. A HRV provides a way to minimize in energy costs while introducing fresh air to a building. In this study, the economical research of HRV, made of three types of materials, are conducted. Heat recovering characteristics are studied at seasonal outdoor air conditions based on the outdoor air property condition at, Seoul in 2002. As a results, the average sensible effectiveness is 0.75 in the sensible heat exchanger and average total effectiveness is 0.65 in the total heat exchanger. The pay back period of the sensible heat exchangers are $3.2{\sim}3.5$ year and it of total heat exchanger is 2.2 years.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2005

The energy balance of the surface layer of the water (the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the East Sea) was examined using satellite data. Variations of the net heat flux were similar to those of the latent heat flux which was more intensive than the sensible heat flux. The sensible heat flux was affected the difference between the sea surface temperature and the air temperature and was less important over the Yellow Sea. The maximum of the latent heat flux occurred in autumn when the air is drier and the wind is stronger. The shortwave radiation flux decreased with the latitude and depended on the cloudiness as the longwave radiation flux does. Annual variations of heat fluxes show that the latent heat flux was more intensive over the East China Sea than the East Sea and the Yellow Sea, while the spatial differences of the other heat fluxes were weak.